PowerShell waxay ku siinaysaa dhammaan xakamaynta aad uga baahan tahay PC-gaaga Windows, wayna fududahay in la barto. Markaa ka saar Command Prompt oo isticmaal amarrada Windows PowerShell si aad u toosiso hawlahaas maamul ee soo noqnoqda. 

Barashada PowerShell waxay sidoo kale ku bari doontaa sida loo maareeyo inta badan hawlaha maamulka Linux ee gudaha qolofka bash. PowerShell waxay la mid tahay waxa aad ka hesho inta badan  Linux Distros

Waa maxay PowerShell?

Windows PowerShell waa khadka taliska iyo luqadda qoraal-qorista ee ay Microsoft u samaysay maamulayaasha nidaamka. Laakin uma baahnid inaad noqoto admin ama programmer si aad u isticmaasho sababtoo ah aad ayuu uga fudud yahay luuqadaha kale ee barnaamijka. Waxay la mid tahay Ingiriisiga^(English) caadiga ah , qof walbana wuu fahmi karaa oo u isticmaali karaa inuu maamulo kombuyuutarkooda.

Awaamiirta lagu isticmaalo Windows PowerShell waxaa loo yaqaan “cmdlets.†Waxay kuu oggolaan doonaan inaad ka shaqeysiiso ficil gaar ah, ama ficillo taxane ah, kumbuyuutarkaaga. Tallaabooyinkani waxay noqon karaan kuwo fudud, sida gelitaanka shabakadda wireless-ka, ama aad u adag, sida in la toosiyo hawlo gaar ah oo soo noqnoqda. 

Si aad u furto PowerShell, taabo badhanka Start , ku qor †^{(Start )}œpowershellâ^(powershell) € sanduuqa raadinta, oo dooro Windows PowerShell . Waxaad u furmi doontaa interface-line interface, halkaas oo aad diyaar u tahay inaad bilowdo qorista amarrada.

Maqaalkan, waxaanu kaga gudbi doonaa toban ka mid ah amarrada PowerShell ee ugu faa'iidada badan uguna fudud.^(PowerShell)

1. Caawin-hel

Get-Help cmdlet waa meel fiican oo laga bilaabo PowerShell . Waxay ku siinaysaa dulmar ku saabsan waxaad samayn karto sidoo kale aad bay u fiican tahay markaad u baahato macluumaad dheeraad ah cmdlet gaar ah 

Si fudud^(Simply) u fur daaqadda PowerShell oo ku qor Hel-Help^(Get-Help) . Tani waxay furi doontaa dulmar dhamaystiran oo ku bari doonta waxa PowerShell yahay, waxaadna fahmi doontaa shaqaynteeda iyo qaabdhismeedkeeda. Waxa kale oo aad si toos ah uga geli kartaa shabakadda si aad u hesho faylalka caawimada ee horumarsan si toos ah iyada oo loo marayo is dhexgalka. Waxaad soo dejisan kartaa faylashan si aad hadhow u isticmaasho. 

Laakiin taasi ma dhammaanayso amarka heli-caawinta. Nooca: 

Get-Help * 

PowerShell waxay liis gareyn doontaa dhammaan cmdlets aad isticmaali karto wakhtigaas. Liistadu waxay u badan tahay inay weynaan doonto, oo uma baahnid inaad barato dhammaan cmdlets la soo bandhigay. Laakin xor u noqo inaad akhrido oo sahamiso dhammaan fursadaha aad heli karto.

Nooca:

Get-Help <command name>

Uma baahnid bareegaha, si fudud ku qor magaca amarka aad xiisaynayso, cmdlet-kan ayaa ku siin doona macluumaadka aasaasiga ah ee ku saabsan. Si aad u hesho sharraxaad aad u faahfaahsan oo ku saabsan amarka, ku qor:

Get-Help <command name> -Full

Haddii aad u baahan tahay tusaale sida loo isticmaalo nooc amar gaar ah:

Get-Help <command name> -Example

2. Hel-Amar

Ma rabtaa inaad si degdeg ah u soo ceshato macluumaadka ku saabsan amar gaar ah, ama amarrada, si degdeg ah? Get-Command cmdlet ayaa taas kuu samayn doona. Waxaa jira xulashooyin badan oo ku dhex jira Get-Command , laakiin adiga, isticmaale aasaasiga ah ee PowerShell , uma baahnid intooda badan. Waa kuwan qaar ka mid ah cmdlets aasaasiga ah kuwaas oo caawin doona, gaar ahaan marka la dhex socdo amarada la heli karo.

Haddii aad rabto liis cmdlets gaar ah oo isku nooc ah:

Get-Command -<CommandType>

Tusaale ahaan, weedhan kakan ayaa kombuyuutarkaaga ku amri doonta in uu muujiyo liiska dhammaan amarrada nooca cmdlet ee jira iyo in lagu kala saaro habka alifbeetada ee magaca magacooda:

Get-Command -Type Cmdlet | Sort-Object -Property Noun| Format-Table -GroupBy Noun

Tani waa tusaale aad u wanaagsan oo ah amar kakan oo ka dhigi doona PowerShell inuu fuliyo hawl adag. Markaad fahamto syntax-ka, waxaad arki doontaa in isticmaalka PowerShell uu inta badan yahay kan ugu dhaqsaha badan uguna fudud in wax laga qabto kombayutarkaada.

Haddii aad rabto inaad hesho amar gaar ah magaciisa, si fudud u qor:

Get-Command -Name <name of command>

Haddii aadan garanayn magaca saxda ah ee amarka aad raadinayso, laakiin aad taqaan qayb ka mid ah magaca, waxaad ku qori kartaa: 

Get-Command -Name <name of command> -UseFuzzyMatching

cmdlet-kan ayaa kombuyuutarkaaga ku hawlgelin doona inuu helo amarro si dhow u dhigma waxaad ku qortay goobta <name>. Waxa kale oo aad isticmaali kartaa cmdlet-kan haddii aad u nugul tahay higaada khaldan oo aanad rabin in lagu dhibo inaad naftaada saxdo mar kasta.

3. Hel-Content

Haddii aad rabto inaad aragto waxa ku jira faylka, isticmaal Get-Content cmdlet. Waxaad u baahan doontaa inaad qeexdo goobta saxda ah ee faylka la sheegay si kombuyuutarku u helo.

Tusaalaha kore, waxaad arki kartaa waxa ku jira faylka qoraalka tijaabada ee ujeedadan loo sameeyay. Kani waa amar toos ah, laakiin haddii aad taqaano waxa ay qabato, waxaad ku dari kartaa amarrada kale oo aad ku fulin kartaa hawlo aad u xoog badan iyada oo loo marayo Windows PowerShell .

4. Hab-raac

Get-Process cmdlet ayaa ku siin doonta macluumaadka ku saabsan hababka hadda ku socda kombiyuutarkaaga. Waxaad arki kartaa isticmaalka xusuusta, wareegyada CPU , aqoonsiga habka, iyo sifooyin kale 

Haddii aad ku darto magaca habka cmdlet kan, waxaad arki kartaa macluumaadka habraac gaar ah. Tusaale ahaan, haddii aad rabto macluumaad ku saabsan habka codsiga Discord , si fudud u qor ^(Discord)Get-Process Discord .

Waxaad ku bilaabi kartaa ama ku joojin kartaa hababka PowerShell adiga oo si fudud u beddelaya “Hel†horgalaha syntax-ka. Si aad u bilowdo hawsha, ku qor:

Start-Process <process name or ID>  

Si loo joojiyo habsocodka, ku qor:

Stop-Process <process name or ID>

5. Hel-Adeeg

Maamule nidaam ahaan, waxa laga yaabaa inaad u hesho cmdlet -ka Adeegga Get-Service^{(Get-Service)} mid faa'iido leh. cmdlet-kan fudud ayaa soo bandhigi doona dhammaan adeegyada hadda ku shaqeeya nidaamkaaga oo kuu ogolaanaya inaad maamusho. Tani waxay la macno tahay in aad arki karto dhammaan barnaamijyada hadda ka shaqaynaya si ay u socodsiiyaan kombuyuutarkaaga 

Hadda waxaad isticmaali kartaa magaca adeegga si aad u maamusho. Isticmaal amarrada sida Restart-Service <service name> si aad uga furto kuwa la qaboojiyey, Stop-Service <service name> si aad u joojiso gebi ahaanba, iyo Adeegga^{(Start-Service)} Bilowga si aad mar kale u bilowdo.

6. Hel-Shayga

Haddii aad u baahan tahay shay gaar ah, waxaa laga yaabaa inay ka dhakhso badan tahay inaad ka hesho PowerShell marka loo eego isticmaalka baararka raadinta ee lagu dhex daray nidaamkaaga hawlgalka. Gaar ahaan way ku habboon tahay haddii aad taqaan meesha faylka aad u baahan tahay. Si fudud^(Simply) u isticmaal amarka sidan:

Hel-Shayga C:^{(Get-Item C:)}

Tani waxay kuu keeni doontaa liiska faylasha ku jira “C:†hard drive. Xitaa waxaad noqon kartaa mid si gaar ah u gaar ah oo waxaad ka raadin kartaa dhammaan hagayaasha hoosta profile-ka isticmaalaha ama aad si qoto dheer u gasho “dokumentiyada†ama “lagu soo dejiyo†tusaha. Si aad tan u samayso, ku qor:

Get-Tem C:\users\<user name>\*

Haddii aad u baahan tahay inaad kala soo baxdo shay ilmo weel, sida hagaha nidaamka, waxaad isticmaali kartaa cmdlet Get-ChildItem . Amarkan ayaa ku tusi doona dhammaan faylasha iyo hagayaasha ku jira weelkaas. Sida Get-Item cmdlet, waxaad u baahan doontaa inaad qeexdo dariiqa weelka.

Si aad alaabta u tirtirto, waxaad ku bedeli kartaa †Get†daba-dheera ah “Ka saar†Tani waxay kuu ogolaanaysaa inaad tirtirto wax kasta, laga bilaabo faylalka iyo faylalka ilaa furayaasha diiwaangelinta iyo hawlaha. Nooca Remove-Item <location\ name> . Waxaad faahfaahin kartaa cmdlet-kan oo aad tirtiri kartaa oo keliya faylalka qarsoon iyo “akhri-kaliya†ama ka tirtir walxaha faylalka gaarka ah iyo kuwa hoose.

7. U beddelo-Html

Amarkan ayaa kaa caawin doona inaad shayga .NET ka dhigto faylka HTML kaas oo lagu soo bandhigi karo ^(HTML)daalacashada^(Web) mareegaha. Kani waa wax soo saarka cmdlet oo macnaheedu yahay inay si weyn ula shaqeyso cmdlet kale. Kaliya^(Simply) ku dar dhamaadka cmdlets kale oo ku dar faylal gaar ah. 

Tusaale ahaan, haddii aad rabto inaad abuurto fayl HTML ah oo muujinaya magaca, dariiqa, iyo shirkadda dhammaan hababka hadda socda ee kumbiyuutarka maxalliga ah, ku qor: 

Get-Process | ConvertTo-Html -Property Name, Path, Company -Title “Process Information” | Out-File filename.htm

Ku beddel^(Replace) filename.htm magac kasta oo aad rabto.

Si aad u furto faylka la sameeyay, adeegso Invoke-Item cmdlet oo lagu daray <file name.htm> . Waxa ku jira waa in ay u ekaadaan wax u eg sawirka hoose.

8. Dejinta siyaasadda fulinta

Haddii aad rabto inaad socodsiiso qoraallada PowerShell maxalliga ah, waa inaad beddeshaa siyaasadda fulinta PowerShell lafteeda. Kumbiyuutarrada Windows , siyaasadda fulinta had iyo jeer waa xaddidan tahay, waxaadna u baahan doontaa inaad u beddesho RemoteSigned ama aan xadidnayn^{(Unrestricted)} . Kumbuyuutarrada aan Windows -ka ahayn sida Linux ama Mac , waxay caadi ahaan u dejisan yihiin kuwa aan xaddidnayn^{(Unrestricted)} , lamana beddeli karo. 

Haddii aad rabto inaad wax badan ka ogaato siyaasadda fulinta PowerShell , si fudud u qor:^(PowerShell)

caawin Set-ExecutionPolicy^{(help Set-ExecutionPolicy)}

PowerShell ayaa soo bandhigi doonta faylalka caawinta ee ku saabsan siyaasada fulinta ee kumbuyuutarkaaga ama ku ogeysiin doona haddii aysan midna jirin. Laakiin sidoo kale waxay ku siin doontaa xiriiriye aad la socon karto oo aad ka akhrisan karto internetka.

Si aad siyaasadda ugu dejiso RemoteSigned^{(RemoteSigned)} , si fudud u qor:

Set-Executionpolicy Remote Signed

Si aad u dhigto nooca aan xadidnayn:

Deji-fulinta Siyaasada aan xadidnayn^{(Set-Executionpolicy Unrestricted)}

Si aad u hubiso goobta hadda ee siyaasada fulinta, ku qor: 

Siyaasad-fulinta^{(Get-Executionpolicy)}

Sababtoo ah siyaasadaha fulinta waa qayb ka mid ah xeeladaha amniga PowerShell, waxay ku weydiin doontaa xaqiijinta isbeddelka. Nooca Y kaliya haddii aad hubto inaad rabto inaad sii waddo.

9. Dooro-Wax

Amarkaan waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu xusho walxaha iyo walxaha, walxaha gaarka ah, iyo walxaha meel gaar ah ku jira Waxaa jira cabbiro kala duwan oo aad isticmaali karto si aad u qeexdo walxaha aad rabto inaad doorato. Waxaa ka mid ah guryaha, qiyamka tirooyinka, iyo walxo gaar ah oo la geli karo. 

Si aad shay ugu doorato sifada hantida, waxaad u baahan doontaa inaad qeexdo sifooyinka sida magaca, aqoonsiga, ama CPU . Waxaad xitaa kooxeyn kartaa sifooyinka, laakiin waa inaad ku kala saartaa hakad marka aad wax ku qorayso amarka. Si aad u aragto Select-Object cmdlet nooca ficilka:

Get-Process | Select-Object -Property ProcessName, Id, CPU

PowerShell ayaa taxaysa dhammaan hababka hadda socda iyo sifooyinkooda, sida hoos ku cad.

Waxaad hadda isticmaali kartaa amarka -EpandProperty si aad u hesho macluumaad faahfaahsan oo ku saabsan sifada gaarka ah. Haddii aad rabto faahfaahin ku saabsan hantida Modules ee nooca ^(Modules)ProcessName sifada^{(ProcessName)} :

Get-Process Chrome | Select-Object -Property ProcessName -ExpandProperty Modules | Format-list

Soo saarida “Format-liiska†ee amarka ayaa jira si natiijada loo qaabeeyo loona akhriyo.

10. Dhoofinta-CSV

Mararka qaarkood amarrada PowerShell waxay keenaan liisyo dhaadheer, sida aan ku aragnay Get-Command cmdlet. Liis dheer iyo macluumaad badan ayaa adag in la akhriyo, waxaadna u baahan doontaa si habaysan. Si tan loo sameeyo, u dhoofi dhammaan xogta faylka CSV . Waxaad tan si toos ah ugu samayn kartaa PowerShell adiga oo isticmaalaya Dhoofinta- CSV shaqada.

Tusaale ahaan, waxaan aragnay in cmdlet Get-Command uu ina siinayo liis dheer oo dhammaan cmdlets la heli karo oo aan ku isticmaali karno PowerShell wakhtigaas. Waxaad isku dari kartaa Get-Command iyo Dhoofinta-CSV^(Export-CSV) si aad u abuurto liis tafatiran oo wata qiyamka hakadka goonida ah sida magaca, isha, iyo nooca ay apps sida Excel ay garan karaan  .

Si tan loo sameeyo, ku qor amarka soo socda gudaha PowerShell amarka isla markiiba laakiin ogow inaad dejin karto waddo kasta oo aad rabto, oo waxaad u magacaabi kartaa faylkaaga si ka duwan:

Get-Command | Select Name, Source, Version | export-csv D:\AllCommands.csv

Hadda waxaad ku furi kartaa liiska Excel , waana inaad aragto wax la mid ah sawirka soo socda.

10 Easy PowerShell Commands All Windows Users Should Know

PowerShell gives you all the control you need over your Windows PC, and it’s easy to learn. So ditch Command Prompt and use Windows PowerShell commands to automate those repetitive administrative tasks. 

Learning PowerShell will also teach you how to handle most Linux administrative tasks inside the bash shell. PowerShell is similar to what you find in most Linux Distros. 

What Is PowerShell?

Windows PowerShell is a command-line interface and scripting language developed by Microsoft for system administrators. But you don’t have to be an admin or programmer to use it because it is much simpler than other programming languages. It is similar to regular English, and everyone can understand it and use it to administer their computers.

The commands used in Windows PowerShell are known as “cmdlets.” They will let you activate a specific action, or series of actions, on your computer. These actions can be simple, like logging into a wireless network, or more complex, like automating specific repetitive tasks. 

To open PowerShell, press the Start button, type “powershell” into the search box, and select Windows PowerShell. You’ll open to the command-line interface, where you’re ready to start typing commands.

In this article, we’ll go over ten of the most useful and easy PowerShell commands.

1. Get-Help

The Get-Help cmdlet is a great place to start in PowerShell. It provides an overview of what you can do and is also great when you need more information on a particular cmdlet. 

Simply open the PowerShell window and type Get-Help. This will open up a comprehensive overview that will teach you what PowerShell is, and you will understand its functionality and structure. You also can access the web for more advanced help files directly through the interface. You can download these files for later use. 

But that’s not the end of the get-help command. Type: 

Get-Help * 

PowerShell will list all the cmdlets you can use at that moment. The list will probably be huge, and you don’t need to learn all the displayed cmdlets. But feel free to read them and explore all the possibilities available to you.

Type:

Get-Help <command name>

You don’t need the brackets, simply type the name of the command you are interested in, and this cmdlet will give you the basic info about it. For an even more detailed explanation of a command, type:

Get-Help <command name> -Full

If you need an example of how to use a certain command type:

Get-Help <command name> -Example

2. Get-Command

Do you want to retrieve information about a specific command, or set of commands, quickly? The Get-Command cmdlet will do that for you. There are so many options within Get-Command, but you, as a basic user of PowerShell, don’t need most of them. Here are some basic cmdlets that will be helpful, especially when navigating the available commands.

If you want a list of specific cmdlets of the same type:

Get-Command -<CommandType>

For example, this complex phrase will order your computer to display a list of all cmdlet type commands available and to sort them by alphabetical order of the noun in their name:

Get-Command -Type Cmdlet | Sort-Object -Property Noun| Format-Table -GroupBy Noun

This is an excellent example of a more complex command that will make PowerShell execute a complicated task. Once you understand the syntax, you will see that using PowerShell is often the fastest and easiest to get some things done on your computer.

If you want to find a specific command by its name, simply type:

Get-Command -Name <name of command>

If you don’t know the exact name of the command you’re looking for, but you know part of the name, you can type: 

Get-Command -Name <name of command> -UseFuzzyMatching

This cmdlet will task your computer to find commands that closely match what you typed in the <name> field. You also can use this cmdlet if you are prone to misspellings and don’t want to be bothered with correcting yourself all the time.

3. Get-Content

If you want to see the content of a file, use the Get-Content cmdlet. You will need to specify the exact location of the said file so your computer can find it.

In the example above, you can see the content of a test text file made for this purpose. This is a straightforward command, but if you know what it does, you can combine it with other commands and perform really powerful tasks through Windows PowerShell.

4. Get-Process

The Get-Process cmdlet will give you information on currently running processes on your computer. You can see the memory usage, CPU cycles, process ID, and other attributes. 

If you add the name of the process to this cmdlet, you can see the information on a specific process. For example, if you want information on the Discord application process, simply type Get-Process Discord.

You can start or stop processes through PowerShell by simply replacing the “Get” prefix of the syntax. To start a process, type:

Start-Process <process name or ID>  

To stop a process, type:

Stop-Process <process name or ID>

5. Get-Service

As a system administrator, you may find the Get-Service cmdlet very useful. This simple cmdlet will display all the services currently running on your system and allow you to control them. This means you can see all the programs currently working to make your computer run. 

Now you can use the service name to control it. Use commands such as Restart-Service <service name> to unstick the frozen ones, Stop-Service <service name> to stop them completely, and Start-Service to start them again.

6. Get-Item

If you need a specific item, it might be faster to find it through PowerShell than by using a search bar integrated into your operating system. It is especially convenient if you know the location of the file you need. Simply use the command in this way:

Get-Item C:

This will bring you the list of files in the “C:” hard drive. You can be even more specific and search in all the directories under the user’s profile or go deeper into the “documents” or “downloads” directories. To do this, type:

Get-Tem C:\users\<user name>\*

If you need to retrieve a child item from a container, such as a system directory, you can use the cmdlet Get-ChildItem. This command will show you all the files and directories inside that container. As with the Get-Item cmdlet, you will need to specify the container’s path.

To delete items, you can replace the ”Get” suffix with “Remove.” This will allow you to delete everything, from files and folders to registry keys and functions. Type Remove-Item <location\ name>. You can elaborate this cmdlet and delete only hidden and “read-only” files or delete items from specific folders and subfolders.

7.  ConvertTo-Html

This command will help you convert a .NET object into an HTML file that can be displayed in Web browsers. This is an output cmdlet which means that it works great with other cmdlets. Simply add it to the end of other cmdlets and include a specific file path. 

For example, if you want to create  an HTML file that displays the name, path, and the company of all the current processes of a local computer, type: 

Get-Process | ConvertTo-Html -Property Name, Path, Company -Title “Process Information” | Out-File filename.htm

Replace filename.htm with any file name you want.

To open the created file, use the Invoke-Item cmdlet plus <file name.htm>. The contents should look something like the image below.

8. Set-Executionpolicy

If you want to run local PowerShell scripts, you will have to change the execution policy of the PowerShell itself. On Windows computers, the execution policy is always restricted, and you will need to change it to RemoteSigned or Unrestricted. On non-Windows computers such as Linux or Mac, it is typically set to Unrestricted, and it can’t be changed. 

If you want to learn more about the PowerShell execution policy, simply type:

help Set-ExecutionPolicy

The PowerShell will display the help files about execution policy on your computer or notify you if there are none. But it will also provide you with a link that you can follow and read about it online.

To set the policy to RemoteSigned, simply type:

Set-Executionpolicy RemoteSigned

To set it to Unrestricted type:

Set-Executionpolicy Unrestricted

To check the current setting for the execution policy, type: 

Get-Executionpolicy

Because execution policies are part of PowerShell’s security strategies, it will ask you for confirmation of the change. Type Y only if you are sure you want to proceed.

9. Select-Object

This command is used to select objects and sets of objects, unique objects, and objects in a specific position in an array. There are different parameters that you can use to specify the objects you want to select. Among them are properties, numeric values, and specific input objects. 

To select objects by property attribute, you will need to specify the attributes such as name, ID, or CPU. You can even group the attributes, but you must separate them with commas when typing in the command. To see the Select-Object cmdlet in action type:

Get-Process | Select-Object -Property ProcessName, Id, CPU

The PowerShell will list all the current processes and their attributes, as shown below.

You can now use the -EpandProperty command to get detailed information about the specific attribute. If you want details about the Modules property of the ProcessName attribute’s type:

Get-Process Chrome | Select-Object -Property ProcessName -ExpandProperty Modules | Format-list

The “Format-list” output of the command is there to make the results formatted and readable.

10. Export-CSV

Sometimes the PowerShell commands result in long lists, as we saw with the Get-Command cmdlet. Long lists and lots of information are difficult to read, and you will want it in a more organized manner. To do this, export all the data into a CSV file.  You can do this directly in PowerShell by using the Export-CSV function.

For example, we saw that the cmdlet Get-Command gives us a long list of all available cmdlets we can use in PowerShell at that moment. You can combine the Get-Command and Export-CSV to create a detailed list with comma-separated values such as name, source, and version that apps like Excel can recognize. 

To do this, type the following command into the PowerShell command prompt but note that you can set any path you want, and you can name your file differently:

Get-Command | Select Name, Source, Version | export-csv D:\AllCommands.csv

You can now open the list in Excel, and you should see something similar to the following image.

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