Terminalka^(Terminal) Mac waa mid si cajiib ah u awood badan. Ma aha oo kaliya in ay u ogolaato in arrimuhu si dhakhso ah u dhacaan iyada oo aan GUI (isticmaalka garaafyada) hoos u dhigin, waxay sidoo kale kuu ogolaaneysaa inaad qabato hawlo aanad si kale u dhamaystirin. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, uma baahnid inaad noqoto khabiir Terminal -ama xitaa sida isticmaalka turjubaanada khadka-taliyaha-si aad uga faa'iidaysato.

Haddii aad gebi ahaanba ku cusub tahay Terminalka^(Terminal) ama aad kuleylayso, liiska 10ka Mac Terminal amarada hoose waa inay kaa caawiyaan inaad horumariso khibradaada Mac kaaga . Waxaad ku fulin kartaa dhowr ilbiriqsi gudahood.

Xitaa haddii aad taqaano dariiqaaga agagaarka Terminalka^(Terminal) , waxaa laga yaabaa inaad weli ku dhex ordo amarka qallafsan ee ku hoos dhacay radar kaaga oo dhan. Markaa sii wad akhrinta.

1. Mac kaaga soo jeed

Xusuusnow^(Remember) markii ugu dambeysay ee Mac kaaga uu seexday oo uu ku dhammaaday hakadka ama baabi'inta soo dejintaas-ama wax kasta oo kale-uu qabanayay? Haddii aad necbahay wax ka beddelka goobaha hurdada mar kasta oo aad rabto inaad taas joojiso, si fudud u dab Terminal oo socodsii amarka Mac Terminal ee^{(Mac Terminal)} hoose:

maadada Caffeinate^(caffeinate)

Mac -gaagu ma seexan doono ilaa inta daaqada Terminalku sii furnaato. ^(Terminal)Waxa kale oo aad ka hortagi kartaa in Mac uu seexdo^{(prevent the Mac from falling asleep)} wakhti go'an oo keliya adiga oo ku daraya -t <time in seconds> dood — tusaale, kaffeinate -t ​​3600^{(caffeinate -t 3600)} .

2. Beddel qaabka sawirka

Sida caadiga ah, Mac -gaagu wuxuu ku kaydiyaa sawiradaada qaabka PNG . Laakin taas waxaad u bedeli kartaa qaabka fudud ee JPG adigoo raacaya amarka hoose:

defaults waxay qoraan com.apple.screencapture nooca JPG^{(defaults write com.apple.screencapture type JPG)}

Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaad isticmaali kartaa isla amar si aad ugu beddesho qaabab kale sida TIFF , BMP , iyo PSD . Kaliya^(Just) ku beddel JPG (dhammaadka) sawirka fidinta ee aad rabto.

3. Websaydhada iyo Aaladaha Ping

Haddii aad qabto arrimo ku xidhidhiyaha mareegaha, waxa aad isku dayi kartaa in aad ku dhejiso. Kaliya^(Simply) ku qor amarkan soo socda laakiin ku beddel <host> ciwaanka shabakadda ama IP ( Internal Protocol ) ciwaanka. Amarka sidoo kale wuxuu quseeyaa aaladaha ku jira shabakada deegaanka, oo uu ku jiro router laftiisa.

ping <host>

Mac-gaagu waa inuu soo diraa xidhmooyin xog ah si isdaba joog ah^{(send packets of data repeatedly)} oo uu ku muujiyaa wakhtiyada jawaabta millise seconds. Riix Control + C si aad u joojiso amarka.

Si aad amarka ugu socodsiiso tiro go'an oo xirmo xog ah, isticmaal -c <number of packets> dood — tusaale, ping-c 4 google.com .

4. Dareemi Cache-ga DNS

Kaydka Mac-ga ee DNS ( Nidaamka Magaca Domain^{(Domain Name System)} ) wuxuu ka kooban yahay magacyo domain "la xaliyay" oo ku jira foomka ciwaanka IP-ga. Haddii kaydka DNS uu dhaco ama uu xumaado, waxaa laga yaabaa inaad la kulanto arrimaha gelitaanka ama soo dejinta mareegaha. 

Si aad u nadiifiso kaydka DNS ee Mac^{(clear the DNS cache on Mac)} , ku socodsii amarka soo socda ee Terminal :

sudo dscacheutil -flushcache;sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder

Waa inaad tan raacdaa adigoo gelaya erayga sirta ah ee akoonkaaga isticmaalaha Mac si aad u oggolaato amarka.

Haddi tirtirida kaydka DNS aanu ku caawin, waa inaad isku daydaa nadiifinta kaydka browserka Safari, Chrome, ama Firefox^{(clearing the Safari, Chrome, or Firefox browser cache)} .

5. Tus Jidka Faylka Buuxa ee Finder

Marka aad si qoto dheer u qoddo Finder , waxaad ka heli kartaa kuul goobtaada oo leh Baarka Waddada^{(Path Bar)} . Waxaad ku kicin kartaa adiga oo dooranaya View > Show Bar^{(Show Path Bar)} . 

Laakin waxa kale oo aad isticmaali kartaa amarka soo socda si aad u muujiso dariiqa fayl-dhaqameedka ee ciwaanka Finder. Si taas loo sameeyo, kaliya ku socodsii amarka hoose:

Faallooyinka qor com.apple.finder _FXShowPosixPathInTitle -bool HAA;killall Finder^{(defaults write com.apple.finder _FXShowPosixPathInTitle -bool YES;killall Finder)}

Haddii aad rabto inaad joojiso dariiqa faylka buuxa ee Finder waqti dambe, isticmaal amarkan soo socda:

Faallooyinka qor com.apple.finder _FXShowPosixPathInTitle -bool NO;killall Finder^{(defaults write com.apple.finder _FXShowPosixPathInTitle -bool NO;killall Finder)}

Halkan waxaa ah siyaabo kale oo lagu muujiyo dariiqa faylka macOS^{(reveal the path of a file on macOS)} .

6. Soo deji faylalka

Ma^(Did) ogtahay inaad soo dejisan karto faylasha si toos ah Terminalka^(Terminal) laftiisa? Haddii ay dhibaato kaa haysato samaynta soo dejinta biraawsarkaaga, ku qor taliska hoose ee Terminal , ku beddel <url> URL soo dejinta. 

curl -O <url>

Faylku waa inuu bilaabo soo dejinta isla markaaba, oo ay la socoto macluumaadka sida xawaaraha soo dejinta iyo xogta la helay.

Sida caadiga ah, amarku wuxuu soo dejiyaa faylasha xididka koontada isticmaalaha Mac . Waxaad u bedeli kartaa taas ka hor ( tusaale ahaan tusaha Soodejinta ^(Downloads)Mac , tusaale ahaan) adigoo isticmaalaya hagaha Beddelka— ^{(Change Directory—)}cd —command

cd ~/Downloads/

7. cadaadi oo fur furaha-ilaali faylalka

Markaad cadaadinayso galka xasaasiga ah, waa inaad codsataa ilaalinta erayga sirta ah si aad uga ilaaliso dadka kale inay galaan waxa ku jira^{(apply password-protection to prevent others from accessing it’s contents)} fasax la'aan. Taas, waxaad u baahan tahay Terminal .

Ku bilow adigoo u beddelaya tusaha Terminal -ka galka uu ka kooban yahay galka aad rabto inaad ku cadaadiso. Tusaale ahaan, haddii ay ku taal desktop-ka, ku qor sidan soo socota:

cd ~/Desktop/

Kadib, lasoco amarka hoose:

zip -er <output folder name.zip> <source folder name>

Ku beddel <output folder name.zip> iyo <source folder name> magacyada galka wax soo saarka iyo galka isha, siday u kala horreeyaan. 

Tusaale ahaan, haddii aad rabto inaad cadaadiso galka lagu calaamadiyay PDFs oo aad calaamadee faylka ZIP ee ka soo baxay isla magaca, ku qor zip-er PDFs.zip PDFs . Kadib, geli oo xaqiiji erayga sirta ah ee aad rabto inaad ku darto faylka ZIP -ka.^(ZIP)

8. Samee Xidhiidhada Calaamadaha

Xidhiidhiyayaasha calaamaduhu waa galal gaaban oo tilmaamaya meelo kala duwan oo ku yaal Mac . Way ku habboon yihiin waxayna kuu oggolaanayaan inaad sameyso dhammaan noocyada waxyaallaha. Tusaale ahaan, waxaad bedeli kartaa meesha gurmad ee asalka ah ee kaydinta iPhone ama waxaad isku dhejin kartaa galka iCloud adigoon wax u wareejin. Amarka Mac Terminal- ka si loo abuuro symlink waa sida soo socota:

ln -s </path/to/original> </path/to/link>

Ku beddel </path/to/original> hagaha bartilmaameedka, iyo </path/to/link> meesha ay ku jirto calaamadda.

Sawirka hoose wuxuu muujinayaa amar faraya Terminal si loo abuuro calaamad ku jirta iCloud Drive oo tilmaamaysa galka lagu calaamadiyay PDFs ee ku dhex jira galka ^(PDFs)Dukumentiyada^(Documents) Mac .

Halkan waxaa ah sharraxaad qotodheer oo ku saabsan sida isku xirka calaamaduhu u shaqeeyaan Mac^{(how symbolic links work on the Mac)} .

9. Jadwal xidhid ama dib u bilow

Waxaad jadwal u samayn kartaa Mac -gaaga inuu xidho ka dib wakhti cayiman. Ku qor amarkan soo socda, adigoo ku bedelaya <time> wakhtiga ay soconayso daqiiqado gudahood:

$ sudo shutdown -h <time>

Beddelkeeda, waxaad ku dari kartaa Mac -gaaga inuu dib u bilaabo adoo ku beddelaya -h doodda -r -tusaale, $ sudo shutdown -r 60 .

10. Talking Mac

Kani waa amar madadaalo leh:

say <words>

Ku beddel <words> wax kasta oo aad rabto, Mac kaagana^(Mac) waa inuu bilaabo ku hadalka isla marka aad riixdo Geli^(Enter) !

Waxaad sidoo kale ka dhigi kartaa Mac ku hadla codad kala duwan. Dhowr tusaale waxaa ka mid ah:

say -v fred <words>

say -v samantha <words>

Talo: Ku^(Tip:) qor dheh -v? ^{(say -v ?)}oo taabo Gelida^(Enter) si aad u muujiso codad dheeraad ah.

15 Amarrada Terminalka Dheeraadka ah^{(Additional Terminal Commands)} ee Mac

Ma heli kartaa ku filan Terminalka^(Terminal) ? Halkan waxaa ah 15 amarro oo dheeri ah oo ay tahay inaad ogaato.

Action	Command
View Running Processes	top
Check Mac’s Uptime	uptime
Reveal IP Address	curl ipecho.net/plain; echo
Display Wireless Access Point	netstat -nr | grep default
View Hidden Files in Finder	defaults write com.apple.Finder AppleShowAllFiles true;killall Finder
Change Default Screenshot Name	defaults write com.apple.screencapture name “New Name”;killall SystemUIServer
Disable Screenshot Drop Shadows	$ defaults write com.apple.screencapture disable-shadow -bool TRUE;killall SystemUIServer
Copy Data Between Locations	ditto -V </old/path/> </new/path/>
Make Hidden Apps Hidden on Dock	defaults write com.apple.Dock showhidden -bool TRUE;killall Dock
Add Spacers to Dock	defaults write com.apple.dock persistent-apps -array-add ‘{“tile-type”=”spacer-tile”;}’;killall Dock
Restart Automatically After a Freeze	sudo systemsetup -setrestartfreeze on
Sound Like An iPhone While Charging	defaults write com.apple.PowerChime ChimeOnAllHardware -bool true;open /System/Library/CoreServices/PowerChime.app
Run Same Command	!!
Show Terminal History	history
Force-Empty the Trash	sudo rm -rf ~/.Trash/

Terminal Whiz

Amarrada Mac Terminal ee^{(Mac Terminal)} kor ku xusan maaha kuwo dhammaystiran sinaba, laakiin waa inay bixiyaan kiisas badan oo la isticmaalo markaad isticmaaleyso Mac -gaaga . Haddii aad haysatid kuwa ugu cadcad oo aan samayn liiska, xor u noqo inaad la wadaagto faallooyinka hoose.

The Top 10 Mac Terminal Commands You Should Know

The Mаc’ѕ Terminal is incredibly powerful. Not only does it let things get done faster without the GUI (graphical user interface) slowing you down, it also allows you to perform tasks that you сan’t complete any other way. However, you don’t have to be a Terminal expert—or even like using command-line interpreters—tо take adνantage of it.

Whether you’re totally new to the Terminal or just warming up to it, the list of 10 Mac Terminal commands below should help you improve the experience with your Mac. You can execute them in a matter of seconds.

Even if you know your way around the Terminal, you may still run into the odd command that fell under your radar all along. So do keep reading.

1. Keep Your Mac Awake

Remember the last time your Mac went to sleep and ended up pausing or canceling that download—or whatever else—it was performing? If you hate modifying the sleep settings each time you want to stop that, simply fire up Terminal and run the Mac Terminal command below:

caffeinate

Your Mac won’t go to sleep as long as the Terminal window remains open. You can also prevent the Mac from falling asleep for a specific amount of time only by adding the -t <time in seconds> argument—e.g., caffeinate -t 3600.

2. Change Screenshot Format

By default, your Mac saves your screenshots in the PNG format. But you can change that to the much more lightweight JPG format with the command below:

defaults write com.apple.screencapture type JPG

Additionally, you can use the same command to switch to alternative formats such as TIFF, BMP, and PSD. Just replace JPG (toward the end) with the image extension you want.

3. Ping Websites and Devices

If you have issues connecting to a website, you can try pinging it. Simply type the following command but replace <host> with the web address or IP (Internal Protocol) address. The command also applies to devices within the local network, including the router itself.

ping <host>

Your Mac should send packets of data repeatedly and display the response times in milliseconds. Press Control+C to stop the command.

To run the command with a set number of data packets, use the -c <number of packets> argument—e.g., ping -c 4 google.com.

4. Flush DNS Cache

Your Mac’s DNS (Domain Name System) cache consists of “resolved” domain names in IP address form. If the DNS cache gets outdated or corrupt, you may run into issues accessing or loading websites. 

To clear the DNS cache on Mac, run the following command in Terminal:

sudo dscacheutil -flushcache;sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder

You must follow this by entering the password of your Mac user account to authorize the command.

If deleting the DNS cache doesn’t help, you must try clearing the Safari, Chrome, or Firefox browser cache.

5. Show Full File Path in Finder

When you dig deep into Finder, you can get a bead on your location with the Path Bar. You can activate it by selecting View > Show Path Bar. 

But you can also use the following command to reveal a traditional file path on Finder’s title bar. To do that, just run the command below:

defaults write com.apple.finder _FXShowPosixPathInTitle -bool YES;killall Finder

If you want to disable the full file path in Finder at a later time, use the following command:

defaults write com.apple.finder _FXShowPosixPathInTitle -bool NO;killall Finder

Here are other ways to reveal the path of a file on macOS.

6. Download Files

Did you know that you could download files directly via the Terminal itself? If you have trouble performing a download with your web browser, type the command below into Terminal, replacing <url> with the download URL. 

curl -O <url>

The file should begin downloading right away, along with information such as download speed and data received.

By default, the command downloads files to the root of your Mac user account. You can change that beforehand (to the Mac’s Downloads directory, for example) with the Change Directory—cd—command

cd ~/Downloads/

7. Compress and Password-Protect Folders

When compressing a sensitive folder, you should apply password-protection to prevent others from accessing it’s contents without permission. For that, you need Terminal.

Start by changing the Terminal directory to the folder that contains the folder you want to compress. For example, if it’s located on the desktop, type the following:

cd ~/Desktop/

Then, follow up with the command below:

zip -er <output folder name.zip> <source folder name>

Replace <output folder name.zip> and <source folder name> with the names of the output folder and the source folder, respectively. 

For example, if you want to compress a folder labeled PDFs and label the resulting ZIP file with the same name, type zip -er PDFs.zip PDFs. Then, enter and verify the password you want to add to the ZIP file.

8. Create Symbolic Links

Symbolic links are folder shortcuts that point to different locations on the Mac. They are convenient and allow you to do all sorts of things. For example, you can change the default backup destination for iPhone backups or sync folders to iCloud without shifting things around. The Mac Terminal command to create a symlink is as follows:

ln -s </path/to/original> </path/to/link>

Replace </path/to/original> with the target directory, and </path/to/link> with the location that should contain the symlink.

The screenshot below displays a command instructing Terminal to create a symlink in iCloud Drive pointing to a folder labeled PDFs within the Mac’s Documents folder.

Here’s an in-depth explainer on how symbolic links work on the Mac.

9. Schedule Shutdown or Restart

You can schedule your Mac to shut down after a specified amount of time. Type the following command, replacing <time> with the time duration in minutes:

$ sudo shutdown -h <time>

Alternatively, you can prompt your Mac to restart by replacing -h with the -r argument—e.g., $ sudo shutdown -r 60.

10. Talking Mac

This is a fun command:

say <words>

Replace <words> with whatever you want, and your Mac should start speaking as soon as you press Enter!

You can also make the Mac speak in different voices. A couple of examples include:

say -v fred <words>

say -v samantha <words>

Tip: Type say -v ? and press Enter to reveal additional voices.

15 Additional Terminal Commands for Mac

Can’t get enough of the Terminal? Here are 15 additional commands that you should know.

Action	Command
View Running Processes	top
Check Mac’s Uptime	uptime
Reveal IP Address	curl ipecho.net/plain; echo
Display Wireless Access Point	netstat -nr | grep default
View Hidden Files in Finder	defaults write com.apple.Finder AppleShowAllFiles true;killall Finder
Change Default Screenshot Name	defaults write com.apple.screencapture name “New Name”;killall SystemUIServer
Disable Screenshot Drop Shadows	$ defaults write com.apple.screencapture disable-shadow -bool TRUE;killall SystemUIServer
Copy Data Between Locations	ditto -V </old/path/> </new/path/>
Make Hidden Apps Hidden on Dock	defaults write com.apple.Dock showhidden -bool TRUE;killall Dock
Add Spacers to Dock	defaults write com.apple.dock persistent-apps -array-add ‘{“tile-type”=”spacer-tile”;}’;killall Dock
Restart Automatically After a Freeze	sudo systemsetup -setrestartfreeze on
Sound Like An iPhone While Charging	defaults write com.apple.PowerChime ChimeOnAllHardware -bool true;open /System/Library/CoreServices/PowerChime.app
Run Same Command	!!
Show Terminal History	history
Force-Empty the Trash	sudo rm -rf ~/.Trash/

Terminal Whiz

The Mac Terminal commands above aren’t exhaustive by any means, but they should provide lots of use cases as you keep using your Mac. If you have any favorites that didn’t make the list, feel free to share them in the comments below.

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