WEB 3.0 (ama sida badan loo yaqaan " Web3 ") waa fikrado aad u dabacsan oo ku saabsan sida shabakada mustaqbalka ay tahay inay u ekaato oo ay u shaqeyso. Waxaan hadda joognaa meel u dhaxaysa adduunka Web 2.0 iyo Web 3.0 , iyo qaabka saxda ah ee shabakada mustaqbalka sinaba looma dejin. Waxaan sahamin doonaa waxa uu yahay Web3 waxaanan eegi doonaa tusaalayaal gaar ah oo tignoolajiyada ku haboon qaabka Web3 .

Internetka^(Internet) iyo Shabakadu way ^(Web)kala duwan^(Different) yihiin

Hal xaqiiqo oo muhiim ah oo aad u baahan tahay inaad ka digtoonaato ka hor inta aynaan bilaabin wax dood ah oo ku saabsan shabakadda waa inay ka duwan tahay internetka. Intarneetku waa qalabka isku xidhka jidheed iyo kombayuutarrada dunida ku xidhidhiyay, oo ay weheliso borotokoolka internet ka ee qeexaya sida ay dhammaan aaladahani isula hadlaan. Haddii aad rabto inaad wax badan ka ogaato qaab-dhismeedka interneedka, eeg Yaa Leh Internetka? Dhismaha Shabakadda ee La Sharaxay^{(Who Owns the Internet? Web Architecture Explained)} .

Shabakaddu waa hal nooc oo adeeg ah (ama koox adeegyo) oo ka shaqeeya intarneedka. Waa qaybta ugu badan ee soo wajahda isticmaaleha intarneedka, laakiin adeegyada kale (sida FTP ama BitTorrent ) maaha qayb ka mid ah shabakada. Waxay wadaagaan hal xabbo oo isku mid ah.

Horumarka Shabakadda^(Web) : Shabakadda^(Web) 1.0 iyo Shabakadda 2.0^{(Web 2.0)} waa la sharraxay

Shabakadda Caalamiga ah ee Wide Web^{(World Wide Web)} ayaa markii ugu horreysay iskeed u soo baxday bartamihii 90-meeyadii. Tani waa waxa hadda loo malaynayo inuu yahay Web 1.0 . Mareegaha hore waxa lagu marti galiyay meelo badan. Qaarkood waxay ku jireen server-yo waaweyn oo ku dhexyaalla waaxda IT-ga ee shirkadda, qaarna waxaa lagu marti-geliyay kombuyuutarrada guryaha ee dadka. Xogta shabakada^(Web) weli laguma darin xarumaha xogta aadka u wayn ee aynu maanta naqaano.

Macluumaadka Shabakadda 1.0^{(Web 1.0)} inta badan waxa ay ahaayeen bogag shabakadeed^(Web) “akhri-kaliya” oo aan is dhexgal ahayn. Si kale haddii loo dhigo, waxaad booqan lahayd shabakad si aad macluumaad uga hesho, laakiin dib uguma soo celin doontid wax xog ah. Taasi waa farqiga u dhexeeya Web 1.0 iyo Web 2.0 . 

Iyadoo Shabakadda 2.0^{(Web 2.0)} , macluumaadka ayaa bilaabay inay u qulqulaan labada dhinac. Tani waxay ahayd da'dii aaladaha warbaahinta bulshada iyo nuxurka isticmaaluhu soo saaray. Shabakaddan bulsheed, dadka isticmaala dhamaadka-isticmaalka waxay dhigaan sawiradooda, macluumaadka shakhsi ahaaneed, iyo in ka badan shabakadaha bulshada sida Facebook iyo LinkedIn , halkaas oo qof kastaa uu arki karo. 

Adeegyada martigelintu waxay bilaabeen inay udub dhexaad u noqdaan xarumaha xogta ay leeyihiin shirkado teknooloji ah oo yar oo awood leh. Daalacashada mareegaha ayaa noqday mid aad u horumarsan oo si dhab ah u maamuli kara codsiyada mareegaha leh garaafyada 3D ee casriga ah.

Xogta isticmaaluhu^(User) waa badeecada ugu qiimaha badan hay'adahan, kuwaas oo u isticmaala inay kor u qaadaan eCommerce ama ay ka iibiyaan ciyaartoyda qolo saddexaad. Mashiinka raadinta^(Search) weyn ee Google ayaa laga yaabaa inuu yahay tusaalaha ugu caansan. Weli, shirkadaha sida Microsoft iyo Amazon waxay ku maalgeliyeen bixinta adeegyada shabakadaha dhexe ee nuugaya xogta shakhsi ahaaneed oo u beddela fikrado faa'iido leh.

Qiimaha Web3

Dulucda , fikradda Web3 waa shabakad aanay maamulin tiro yar oo ka mid ah maamulada dhexe. Haddi ay kuwani yihiin dawlado ama shirkado aan khusayn, Web3 (aragti ahaan) waxa ay gelisaa xogta isticmaalaha iyo waxa ku jira shabakada gacmaha isticmaalayaasha. Waxa kale oo ay ogolaataa shabakad ay isticmaalayaashu si toos ah uga faa'iideysan karaan xogtooda iyo dhammaan lacagtaas ku wareegaysa shabakada maalin kasta.

Ereyga "Web3" waxaa dib u soo celiyay 2014 by Gavin Wood , oo ah aasaasaha aasaasaha blockchain Ethereum , kaas oo aan ka wada hadli doono wax yar ka dib.

Web3 waxaa loola jeedaa in lagu dhaqmo qiyam gaar ah. Mid ka mid ah, waa mid baahsan oo aan lahayn awood dhexe oo leh dhammaan xogta iyo faa'iidada ka jirta. Codsiyada Web3^(Web3) waa ilo furan. Tani waxay ka dhigan tahay in qof kastaa uu si hufan u eegi karo algorithms iyo hawlaha software ee abka iyada oo aan suurtagal ahayn in lagu soo dhuunto albaabbada dambe.

Marka, marka la soo koobo, Web3 waa shabakad dimuqraadi ah oo ku saleysan codsi il furan oo siinaya isticmaaleyaasha inay si buuxda u koontaroolaan xogtooda iyo siyaabaha ay ku wadaagi karaan faa'iidooyinka ka soo baxa nuxurkooda.

Tim Berners-Lee iyo Shabakadda Hore 3.0

Waxaa jira xoogaa jahawareer ah sababtoo ah fikrad kale oo gebi ahaanba ka duwan oo lagu magacaabo Web 3.0 waxaa hindisay "aabaha shabakada " Tim Berners-Lee . Isku xirka Shabakada Caalamiga ah ee Wide Web^{(World Wide Web Consortium)} ( W3C ) waxay qeexday Web 3.0 (" Shabakadda^(Web) Semantic ") si ay u kordhiso heerka tignoolajiyada Shabkada^(Web) .

Shabakadda semantic ayaa laga yaabaa inay ku adkaato in madaxaaga lagu duubo marka loo eego Web3 . Weli, waxay hoos ugu dhacdaa heerarka metadata rasmiga ah ee u oggolaanaya dhammaan noocyada hawlgallada mishiin-ilaa-mashiinka, taas oo iyaduna u oggolaanaysa faham macne ah oo ku saabsan nuxurka shabakadda.

Ficil ahaan, Shabakaddan 3.0^{(Web 3.0)} ma noqon mid dhab ah, in kasta oo tignoolajiyada casriga casriga ahi ay horeba u samayn karto waxyaabo ay fikradda Web 3.0 ku tilmaantay. ^{(Web 3.0)}Wax badan ka sheegi mayno shabakadda semantiga halkan, laakiin maskaxda ku hay in waxyaalaha qaarkood ee aad ku akhrin karto summada Web 3.0 ay ku saabsan yihiin wax gebi ahaanba ka duwan Web3 , halka " Web3 " ay tixraacayso kaliya waxa aan halkan kaga hadlayno.

Hadda oo aan nadiifinay faraqa u dhexeeya Web 3.0 iyo Web3 , aan eegno qaar ka mid ah tiknoolajiyada shabakada ee u qalma sida Web3 .

1. Blockchain Technology

Tiknoolajiyada Blockchain^(Blockchain) waxaa laga yaabaa inay tahay tignoolajiyada ugu dhiirigelisay fikradda Web3 , sidaas darteed waa tusaalaha ugu sanka-sanka. Tiknooloji kale oo badan oo Web3 ah ayaa ku tiirsan xannibaadda si ay u shaqeyso, sidaa darteed waxay aasaas u tahay Web3 .

Si aad u hesho sharraxaad qotodheer oo ku saabsan tignoolajiyada blockchain, fiiri HDG Explains: Waa maxay Xogta Blockchain? ^{(HDG Explains: What Is a Blockchain Database?)}Laakin haddii aadan waqti haysan, waa kan dulucda.

blockchain waa buug ama diiwaanka wax kala iibsiga. Blockchain-ku wuxuu gebi ahaanba ka jiraa kombiyuutaro badan oo ku baahsan intarneedka. Mar kasta oo "block" cusub oo macaamil ganacsi ah lagu daro silsiladda, dhammaan nuqullada xogta waa in lagu heshiiyaa oo wax laga beddelo. Dhammaan wax kala iibsashadu waxay u furan yihiin aragtida dadweynaha oo joogto ah. 

Isku day kasta oo lagu doonayo in lagu dhex geliyo diiwaanku waxa uu kharribayaa silsiladda, iyo mar haddii nuqullo la ansixiyay ee kaydka xogta lagu faafiyay shabakadda oo dhan, ma jirto maamul dhexe oo xakamayn kara. Tiknoolajiyada Blockchain^(Blockchain) waxaa loo isticmaali karaa codsi kasta si loo xafido diiwaanka wax kala iibsiga, laakiin dadka intooda badan waxay la xiriiriyaan cryptocurrency, taas oo aan wax ka qaban doono xiga.

2. Cryptocurrency

Lacagta loo yaqaan ' Cryptocurrency'^{(Cryptocurrency)} (oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan "crypto") waa lacag caddaan ah oo dhijitaal ah oo baahsan oo aysan maamulin dowlad ama hay'ad dhexe sida bangiga. Cryptocurrency waxay isticmaashaa tignoolajiyada blockchain si ay u diiwaan geliso inta lacag ee jirta iyo cidda haysa inta ay tahay.

Sahayda cryptocurrency waxaa lagu kordhiyaa iyada oo loo marayo "macdanta," taas oo bixisa awoodda xisaabinta si ay u maamulaan blockchain beddelka lacag cusub. Ugu yaraan, taasi waa habka ay ula shaqeyso cryptocurrencies "classic" sida Bitcoin . Marka laga hadlayo blockchain Ethereum , tusaale ahaan, isticmaalayaasha dhamaadka waxay bixiyaan " khidmadda gaaska ", taas oo ay helaan macdan qodayaasha Ethereum kuwaas oo socodsiiya macaamil ganacsi.

3. Bixinta Lacagta Bilawga ah (ICOs)

Bixinta qadaadiicda^(Coin) bilowga ah waxay la xiriirtaa lacagta loo yaqaan 'cryptocurrencies' sababtoo ah "qadaadiicda" la soo bandhigay waa crypto. Marka aad abuurto nooc cusub oo cryptocurrency ah (malaha leh hal-abuur cusub oo xiiso leh), waxaad u baahan tahay lacag bilow ah si aad kubbadda u rogto.

Dadka lacagta geliya ICO^(ICO) waxay iibsanayaan crypto-kaaga halka aysan waxba u qalmin, iyagoo rajeynaya, sida Bitcoin iyo Ethereum , qiimaha crypto ayaa qarxi doona oo ka dhigi doona hanti habeen ah.

ICO-yada^(ICOs) mararka qaarkood waxaa loo iibiyaa si ka badan saamiyada shirkadda, in kasta oo ayan siin wax lahaanshaha iibsadayaasha. Qiimaha qadaadiicda ayaa markaa ku xidhan sida ay u qiimo badan tahay shirkadu ama alaabteeda. Tani waa sababta ICO-yadu^(ICOs) ay caan ugu noqdeen kuwa bilawga ah ee raadinaya maalgelin kale oo aan ku lug lahayn bangiga, maalgashadayaasha malaa'igaha, ama raasamaal ganacsi. 

Waxaa jiray wax badan oo xamaasad leh oo ku wareegsan ICOs , laakiin khiyaamooyinka^(scams) ayaa sidoo kale ku dhacay iyaga, dad badan ayaa lumiyay lacagtooda. Taasi waa sababta ICO^(ICOs) -yada aan weli loo nidaamin habka IPO ( Bixinta Dadweynaha ee Bilaashka^{(Initial Public Offering)} ah ), qof kastana wuu bilaabi karaa ICO .

4. Calaamadaha aan shaqaynayn (NFTs)

Tani waxay u badan tahay inay tahay mid aad hore u maqashay, laakiin NFTs waa rukun kale oo Web3 ah . NFTs asal ahaan waa nooc ka mid ah crypto, laakiin NFT kastaa waa gaar oo laguma beddeli karo mid kale. Taasi waa micnaha qaybta aan fungible ee magaca. NFT^(NFTs) -yada waxa ay ku xidhan yihiin hanti dhijitaal ah ama jidheed si la mid ah sida warqada lahaanshaha guriga u taagan tahay lahaanshaha. 

Mid ka mid ah qabsashada weyn ayaa ah in hay'ad kasta oo sharci ah aysan daruuri u aqoonsanayn NFTs , markaa ugu dambeyntii, dhammaan waxaad iibsaneysaa meeshan waa xakameynta xarfaha iyo tirooyinka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sida tignoolajiyada NFT u horumarto oo laga yaabo inay ka faa'iidaysato sharciga, taasi way isbedeli kartaa.

Haddii aad xiisaynayso inaad wax badan ka ogaato NFTs , eeg 5 Apps si aad u abuurto NFTs iPhone-kaaga iyo sida loo iibiyo^{(5 Apps to Create NFTs on Your iPhone and How to Sell Them)} .

5. Apps-ka Baahsan (dApps)

Markaad isticmaasho adeega daruuriga ku salaysan sida Google Docs , waxaad isticmaalaysaa abka dhexe. Google ayaa marin u leh dhammaan macluumaadka ku jira dukumeentigaaga, wuu akhrin karaa oo dhan, oo maamuli karaa. Ganacsigu waa inaan ku kaydin karno macluumaadkayaga daruuraha, si fudud ula shaqayn karno kuwa kale, oo aan ku raaxaysan karno liis dheer oo ku habboon app-ka daruuraha.

Laakiin ka waran haddii aad heli karto faa'iidooyinka adeegyadan daruuraha adoon u gudbin maamulka dhexe? Taasi waa halka ay apps-ka baahsan ama "dApps" ay ka soo galaan sawirka. Inta badan dApps waxay isticmaalaan blockchain Ethereum si ay u sameeyaan xisaabinta khadka tooska ah, sidaas darteed xisaabinta waxaa lagu bixiyaa isticmaalka khidmadaha "gaaska  " Ethereum .

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dApps waxay u hoggaansamaan shuruudaha Web3 si ay u noqdaan dad caam ah, il-furan, oo lagu xafido qarsoodiga Markaa isticmaalayaasha dAppku waxay xakameeyaan xogtooda iyo cidda arki karta iyagoo ka faa'iidaysanaya awoodda xisaabinta daruuraha ku salaysan si ay u socodsiiyaan hawl kasta oo dApp gaar ah loogu talagalay. Haddii aad rabto inaad aragto waxa dApps la heli karo, hubi Gobolkayada dApps-ka^{(State of the dApps)} , kaas oo diiwaangeliya kuwa ugu muhiimsan.

Blockchain - ka Ethereum waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu taageero tignoolajiyada Web3 laga soo bilaabo aasaaska iyo xitaa waxa uu leeyahay maktabad u go'an JavaScript oo lagu magacaabo Web3.js si ay uga caawiso horumariyeyaasha in ay si degdeg ah ula socdaan mashruucyadooda Web3.

6. Qandaraasyada casriga ah

Haddii aad maanta baabuur soo iibsatid oo aad deyn ka qaadato bangiga si aad u sameyso, waxaa jira waraaqo badan oo ku lug leh. Bangigu wuxuu kula samaysanayaa heshiis qeexaya xuquuqda iyo waajibaadka labada dhinacba. Sida heshiisku dhigayo, haddii aad bixin waydo lacag bixintaada, bangigu waa inuu dhaqangeliyaa talaabooyinka gaarka ah (sida dib u soo celinta gaadhiga) sida ku cad heshiiska.

Qandaraasyada casriga ahi waxay qaban karaan isla shaqo isku mid ah, laakiin uma baahna hay'ad dhexe si ay wax u fuliso ama ula socoto. Dhammaan waxay si toos ah u dhacaan iyadoo loo eegayo qawaaniinta iyo caqli-galnimada heshiiska.

Qandaraasyada casriga ah ayaa suurtogal ka dhigaya in la bixiyo adeegyo maaliyadeed, ama la sameeyo heshiisyo sharci ah oo dhexmara dhinacyada, hab aad uga jaban marka loo eego xiriirka dhaqameed. Iyaga ayaa sidoo kale aad uga cadaalad badan mana lagu dhaqmi karo marka la furo.

Dabcan, sida qandaraas kasta, qandaraaska caqli-gal ah wuxuu u fiican yahay shuruudaha iyo caqli-galka ku jira, laakiin haddii loo qaato in qandaraasku yahay mid caddaalad ah, markaa qandaraas caqli-gal ah ayaa lagu fulin doonaa dhexdhexaadnimo.

7. Xisaabinta^(Computing) Qaybsan ( Edge Computing )

Xisaabinta Edge^(Edge) waxay ku saabsan tahay gaarsiinta xogta iyo adeegyada khadka tooska ah sida ugu dhow halka laga codsado ama laga soo saaro intii suurtagal ah. Xisaabinta Edge^(Edge) waxay ku dhowdahay lidka ku ah xisaabinta "Data Weyn" ee xarumaha kombiyuutarada ee waaweyn, halka xisaabinta cidhifyada ay ka dhacdo cidhifyada dhabta ah ee shabakada.

Tusaale ahaan, xogta waxaa laga yaabaa in lagu farsameeyo PC-gaaga deegaanka ka hor inta aan loo dirin meel dhexe si la isugu geeyo. Tani waxay ka dhigan tahay in aad isku dari karto awoodda habaynta qalabka ee ku yaal cidhifyada shabakadaada hal kombuyuutar baahsan oo weyn. Balaayiin aaladaha IoT ( Internet of Things ) waxay ku ururiyaan macluumaadka guryaha smart, warshadaha, iyo dukaamada tafaariiqda, iyagoo leh awood xisaabeed ku filan oo lagu socodsiiyo xogtaas waa caqabad dhab ah. Xisaabinta Edge^(Edge) waxay soo bandhigaysaa hab lagu daboolo baahiyahaas, lagu kaydiyo xawaaraha bandwidth, oo loogu gudbiyo codsiyada xogta si dhakhso ah.

8. Ururada Madaxbanaan ee Baahsan ( DAOs )

Urur, sida ganacsi ama hay'ad samafal, waxay leedahay qaab-dhismeed dhexe. Waxaa jira amar iyo koontarool ka socda maamulayaasha iyo maamulka heer kasta si ay isugu xiraan dhammaan dadka kala duwan ee wax ku biirinaya shaqada la qabanayo.

DAO waxay soo saartaa qaabkaas oo dhan. Ma jiro CEO , CFO , ama wax la mid ah. Xubin kasta oo ururka ka mid ah waxa uu leeyahay cod oo go'aansada marka lacag laga bixiyo khasnadda iyo waxa.

Xeerarka ururka waxa lagu codeeyay iyadoo la isticmaalayo tignoolajiyada qandaraaska cusub ee blockchain aan ogolaansho lahayn. Looma baahna waaxaha maamul ee kakan iyo qarashka badan ee urur dhaqameedku dhisteen si ay wax walba u socdaan. DAOs waxay sidoo kale ka dhigaan wax aan macquul aheyn in la sameeyo khiyaano maadaama wax kala iibsi kasta iyo taariikhdeedu ay u furan tahay baarista dadweynaha,

9. Barashada^(Learning) Mashiinka iyo Sirdoonka Artificial^{(Artificial Intelligence)}

Dhowrkii sano ee la soo dhaafay, waxaan aragnay kororka degdega ah ee farsamada barashada mashiinka iyo meelaha kale ee muhiimka ah ee garaadka macmalka ah. Taleefannada casriga ah ee casriga ah waxaa ka buuxa tignoolajiyadan, taas oo ah sida codsiyada sida Apple's Siri u shaqeeyaan. Waad ku mahadsan tahay Habraaca Luqadda Dabiiciga ah^{(Natural Language Processing)} ( NLP ), waxaad la hadli kartaa wakiil waxgarad ah, waxayna kala saari karaan waxaad codsaneyso.

Barashada mishiinka waxa kale oo loo isticmaalaa in lagu farsameeyo tiro badan oo xog ah wakhtiga dhabta ah si loo saadaaliyo baahiyaheena iyo dhaqankeena. Thanks to the Internet of Things ( IoT ), waxaan haynaa qalab shabakad ku xiran oo caqli leh meel kasta. Tani waxay abuurtaa fursado badan oo lagu ururiyo xogta oo laga sameeyo wax qiimo leh.

Aynu eegno adeegyada sida Wolfram Alpha , kaas oo isticmaala sirdoonka macmal si ay u abuuraan aqoonta xogta. Waxaan helnaa dhadhanka sida uu noqon karo shabakad dimuqraadi ah oo xogta dadwaynaha u furan qof kasta.

10. Metaverse

Metaverse - ku waa fikrad kale oo si xun loo qeexo oo u eeg inay is dultaagi doonto oo ay isku xidhi doonto fikradaha Web3 , waa haddi midkood uu midho dhaliyo.

Metaverse - ku waa aragti ah sida uu u ekaan doono is-dhexgalka mustaqbalka ee shabakada. Waxay si weyn ugu xiran tahay xaqiiqada dhabta ah (VR) iyo Xaqiiqda La Kordhiyay (^(Reality) AR) si loo abuuro khibrad isticmaale oo joogto ah oo isku dhafan. 

Metaverse -ka , walxaha dhijitaalka ah ee aad leedahay waxay ku milmaan dunida dabiiciga ah, waxaadna ula falgashaa shabakada si aad u habaysan. Waa wax yar oo la mid ah adduunka casriga ah ee Ready Player One , laakiin waxaan rajeynayaa in wax yar ka yar dystopian.

Web3 Waxay Leedahay Caqabado Culus

Jiilka saddexaad ee la saadaaliyay ee shabakada ayaa u muuqda mid xiiso leh warqad, laakiin caqabado wax ku ool ah ayaa hortaagan si ay u noqdaan xaqiiqo, ugu yaraan qaabkeeda saafiga ah. Web3 waxay u taagan tahay heerka isku xirnaanta oo aan horay loogu arag intarneedka. Si kasta oo ay u adag tahay shabakadda casriga ahi, waxba maaha marka la barbar dhigo tirada tirada qanjidhada ee ku lug leh muuqaalka Web3 ee diiradda saaraya shabakad baahsan.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dhibaatada ugu weyn ee Web3 maaha arrin tignoolajiyadeed ee waa mid siyaasadeed. Waxaa jira su'aalo dhab ah oo ku saabsan sirnimada. In kasta oo ay u furan tahay baadhista dadweynaha, waa maxay hababka cusub ee wax isdaba marinta iyo wax-is-dabamarinta ay suurtogal ka dhigaysaa? Ma ka fogaan karnaa qaar ka mid ah maamulada dhexe? Web3 aad bay u xagjirsan tahay fikradda oo waxay noqon doontaa wakhti ka hor inta aan ogaanin jawaabaha su'aalahan, iyo xaaladaha qaarkood, khatarta ka tegista hababka la isku dayay oo la tijaabiyey ayaa laga yaabaa inay aad ugu sarreeyaan tijaabinta.

10 Web 3.0 Examples: Is It the Future of the Internet?

WEB 3.0 (or as it’s more commonly known “Web3”) is a relatively loose sеt of ideas about how the future web should look and operate. We are currently somewhere between the world of Web 2.0 and Web 3.0, and the exact shape of the future web isn’t set by any means. We’ll explore what Web3 is and look аt sоme specific examрles of technologies that fit the Web3 mold.

The Internet and the Web are Different

One important fact you need to be aware of before we start any discussion on the web is that it’s different from the internet. The internet is the physical network equipment and computers that keep the world connected, along with the internet protocol describing how all these devices speak to each other. If you want to know more about internet architecture, check out Who Owns the Internet? Web Architecture Explained.

The web is one type of service (or group of services) that runs on the internet. It’s the most common user-facing part of the internet, but other services (such as FTP or BitTorrent) are not part of the web. They just share the same bandwidth.

The Evolution of the Web: Web 1.0 and Web 2.0 Explained

The World Wide Web first came into its own in the mid-90s. This is what’s now thought of as Web 1.0. Early websites were hosted in many places. Some were on large servers inside a company’s IT department, and others were hosted on people’s home computers. Web content wasn’t yet centralized into the giant data centers we know today.

Web 1.0 content mainly was “read-only” static Web pages that weren’t interactive. In other words, you’d visit a website to get information, but you wouldn’t give it any data back. That’s the defining difference between Web 1.0 and Web 2.0. 

With Web 2.0, information began flowing in both directions. This was the age of social media platforms and user-generated content. On this social web, end-users put their photos, personal information, and more onto social networks like Facebook and LinkedIn, where everyone could see it. 

Hosting services began to centralize into data centers owned by a small handful of powerful tech companies. Web browsers became so advanced that they could essentially run web applications with sophisticated 3D graphics.

User data is the most valuable commodity to these organizations, who use it to boost eCommerce or sell it to third-party players. Search engine giant Google is perhaps the most famous example. Still, companies like Microsoft and Amazon are invested in providing centralized web services that suck up personal data and convert it into profitable insights.

The Values of Web3

At its core, the idea of Web3 is a web that’s not controlled by a small number of central authorities. Whether these are governments or corporations is irrelevant, Web3 (theoretically) puts user data and web content into users’ hands. It also allows for a web where users can profit directly from their data and all that money moving around the web every day.

The term “Web3” was coined back in 2014 by Gavin Wood, a co-founder of the Ethereum blockchain, which we’ll be discussing a little later.

Web3 is meant to conform to specific values. For one thing, it’s decentralized and doesn’t have a central authority that owns all the data and profits from it. Web3 applications are open source. This means that everyone can transparently look at the algorithms and software functions in an app without the possibility of sneaking in back doors.

So, in summary, Web3 is a democratized web-based on an open-source application that gives users complete control of their data and the means to share in the profits generated by their content.

Tim Berners-Lee and the Old Web 3.0

There’s some confusion because another completely different concept named Web 3.0 was coined by “father of the web” Tim Berners-Lee. The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) outlined Web 3.0 (the “Semantic Web”) as an extension to the Web technology standard.

The semantic web may be harder to wrap your head around than Web3. Still, it boils down to formal metadata standards that allow for all kinds of machine-to-machine operations, which in turn would allow for a semantic understanding of web content.

In practice, this Web 3.0 hasn’t become a reality, although modern web technology can already do some things that the Web 3.0 idea describes. We won’t say more about the semantic web here, but keep in mind that some things you might read under the label Web 3.0 is about something completely different than Web3, while “Web3” only refers to what we’re discussing here.

Now that we’ve cleared up the difference between Web 3.0 and Web3, let’s look at some web technologies that qualify as Web3.

1. Blockchain Technology

Blockchain technology is perhaps the one technology that most inspired the idea of Web3, and so it’s the most on-the-nose example. Many other Web3 technologies rely on a blockchain to work, so it is foundational to Web3.

For an in-depth explanation of blockchain technology, check out HDG Explains: What Is a Blockchain Database? But if you don’t have the time, here’s the gist of it.

The blockchain is a ledger or record of transactions. The blockchain exists in its entirety on multiple computers spread across the internet. Whenever a new “block” of transactions is added to the chain, all database copies must agree and be amended. All transactions are open to public view and permanent. 

Any attempt to meddle with the record corrupts the chain, and since validated copies of the database are spread all over the web, no central authority can control it. Blockchain technology can be used for any application to keep a record of transactions, but most people associate it with cryptocurrency, which we’ll tackle next.

2. Cryptocurrency

Cryptocurrency (also known as “crypto”)  is decentralized digital cash that isn’t controlled by any government or a central authority like a bank. Cryptocurrency uses blockchain technology to record how much currency there is and who holds what amount of it.

The supply of cryptocurrency is increased through “mining,” which provides computational power to run the blockchain in exchange for new currency. At least, that’s the way it works with “classic” cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin. In the case of the Ethereum blockchain, for example, end-users pay a “gas fee,” which is received by Ethereum miners who process transactions.

3. Initial Coin Offerings (ICOs)

Initial Coin Offerings are related to cryptocurrencies because the “coins” on offer are crypto. When you invent a new type of cryptocurrency (presumably with an exciting innovation), you need initial money to get the ball rolling.

People who put money into an ICO are buying your crypto while it’s not worth anything, hoping that, like Bitcoin and Ethereum, the value of the crypto will explode and make them a fortune overnight.

ICOs are sometimes sold more like shares in a company, although they confer no ownership to buyers. The value of the coins is then linked to how valuable the company or its products promise to be. This is why ICOs have been so popular with startups looking for alternative funding that doesn’t involve a bank, angel investors, or venture capital. 

There has been a lot of hype around ICOs, but scams have also plagued them, and many folks have lost their money. That’s because ICOs are not yet regulated the way an IPO (Initial Public Offering) is, and anyone can launch an ICO.

4. Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs)

This is probably one you’ve already heard of, but NFTs are another cornerstone of Web3. NFTs are essentially a form of crypto, but each NFT is unique and cannot be exchanged for another. That’s what the non-fungible part of the name means. NFTs are linked to digital or physical assets in the same way that the paper title deed for a house represents ownership. 

One big catch is that any legal authority does not necessarily recognize NFTs, so ultimately, all you’re buying at this point is control over a string of letters and numbers. However, as NFT technology evolves and perhaps benefits from legislation, that may change.

If you’re interested to know more about NFTs, have a look at 5 Apps to Create NFTs on Your iPhone and How to Sell Them.

5. Decentralized Apps (dApps)

When you use a cloud-based service like Google Docs, you’re using a centralized app. Google has access to all the information in your documents, can read it all, and control it. The tradeoff is that we can store our information in the cloud, easily collaborate with others, and enjoy a long list of other cloud-app conveniences.

But what if you could have the advantages of these cloud services without submitting to a central authority? That’s where decentralized apps or “dApps” come into the picture. Most dApps use the Ethereum blockchain to do their online computation, and so that computation is paid for using Ethereum “gas” fees. 

However, dApps conform to Web3 requirements to be public, open-source, and secured through cryptography. So dApp users control their data and who can see it while benefiting from cloud-based computing power to run whatever function a specific dApp is designed for. If you want to see what dApps are available, check our State of the dApps, which record the most important ones.

The Ethereum blockchain is designed to support Web3 technologies from the ground up and even has a dedicated JavaScript library called Web3.js to help developers get going with their Web3 projects quickly.

6. Smart Contracts

If you buy a car today and take a loan from the bank to do it, there’s a lot of paperwork involved. The bank sets up a contract with you describing the rights and obligations of both parties. According to the contract, if you default on your payment, the bank has to enforce specific actions (such as repossessing the car) according to the agreement.

Smart contracts can do precisely the same job, but they don’t require a central authority to enforce or monitor anything. It all happens automatically according to the rules and logic of the contract.

Smart contracts make it possible to provide financial services, or draw up legal agreements between parties, in a much more affordable way than traditional contacts. They are also much fairer and can’t be manipulated once activated.

Of course, like any contract, a smart contract is only as good as the terms and logic within it, but assuming that the contract is a fair one, then a smart contract will be enforced with impartiality.

7. Distributed Computing (Edge Computing)

Edge computing is all about delivering online data and services as close to where it’s being requested or generated as possible. Edge computing is almost the antithesis of “Big Data” computing in massive centralized computer centers, whereas edge computing happens at the literal edges of the network.

For example, data might be processed on your local PC before being sent along to a central location to be aggregated. This means you can combine the processing power of devices along the edges of your network into one giant decentralized supercomputer. With billions of IoT (Internet of Things) devices collecting information in smart homes, factories, and retail stores, having enough computing power to process that data is a real challenge. Edge computing offers a way to meet those demands, save on bandwidth, and deliver on data requests quickly.

8. Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAOs)

An organization, like a business or charity, has a centralized structure. There’s command and control from executives and management at every level to coordinate all the different people who contribute to the work that has to be done.

A DAO flattens out that entire structure. There is no CEO, CFO, or anything like that. Every member of the organization has a voice and decides when money is spent from the treasury and on what.

The organization’s rules are encoded using innovative contract technology in a permissionless (aka trustless) blockchain. There’s no need for the complex and costly administrative departments that traditional organizations have developed to keep everything going. DAOs also make it virtually impossible to commit fraud since every transaction and its history is open to public scrutiny,

9. Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence

In the past few years, we’ve seen the rapid rise of machine learning technology and other significant areas of artificial intelligence. Our smartphones are packed with these technologies, which is how applications like Apple’s Siri work. Thanks to Natural Language Processing (NLP), you can speak to an intelligent agent, and they can parse what you’re asking for.

Machine learning is also used to process massive amounts of data in real-time to predict our needs and behavior. Thanks to the Internet of Things (IoT), we have intelligent network-connected devices everywhere. This creates many opportunities to gather data and make something valuable from it.

Let’s look at services like Wolfram Alpha, which uses artificial intelligence to generate knowledge from data. We get a taste of what a democratized web with public data open to everyone could be like.

10. The Metaverse

The Metaverse is another ill-defined concept that looks like it will overlap and interlink with Web3 concepts, should either ever come to fruition.

The Metaverse is a vision of what our future interface to the web will look like. It depends heavily on virtual reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) to create a persistent and integrated user experience. 

In the Metaverse, the digital items you own blend with the natural world, and you interact with the web in a much more embodied way. It’s a little like the virtual world of Ready Player One, but hopefully just a little less dystopian.

Web3 Has Serious Challenges

The predicted third generation of the web sounds exciting on paper, but practical challenges stand in the way of becoming a reality, at least in its pure, idealistic form. Web3 represents a level of connectivity that’s never before been seen on the internet. As complex as the modern web is, it’s nothing compared to the sheer number of nodes involved in the Web3 scenario focusing on a decentralized web.

However, the biggest problem with Web3 is not an issue of technology but one of politics. There are serious questions about privacy. Despite being open to public scrutiny, what new methods of fraud and manipulation does it make possible? Can we completely move away from certain central authorities? Web3 is so radical in concept that it will be some time before we know the answers to these questions, and in some cases, the risks of abandoning tried-and-tested systems might be too high for experimentation.

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