Gudaha Windows, waxaad u isticmaali kartaa Command Prompt^{(use the Command Prompt)} iyo Windows PowerShell consoles si loo xakameeyo weyn iyo maamulka degdega ah ee nidaamka qalliinka. Labadaba CLI^(CLIs) (turjubaanada khadka-command-line) waxay sidoo kale kaa caawinayaan inaad xalliso arrimaha halista ah ee PC-gaaga^{(troubleshoot serious issues with your PC)} . 

Isla sidaas oo kale Terminalka^(Terminal) Mac , laakiin dabeecadeeda ku saleysan UNIX waxay u baahan tahay inaad geliso amarro kala duwan.

Haddii aad dhawaan u beddeshay isticmaalka Mac , waxaad baran doontaa Terminal u dhigma 15 Command Prompt oo waxtar leh iyo amarrada Windows PowerShell ee hoose.^{(Windows PowerShell)}

1. Eeg macluumaadka nidaamka

Ka soo qaad^(Suppose) inaad rabto inaad aqoonsato qaybaha kala duwan ee hardware iyo software (processor, RAM , nooca nidaamka hawlgalka, iwm.) ee ku jira kombiyuutarkaaga. Xaaladdaas, waxaad ku arki kartaa macluumaadka ku jira Command Prompt ama Windows PowerShell oo wata amarka systeminfo . 

Gudaha Terminalka^(Terminal) , ku samee waxyaabaha soo socda beddelka:

system_profiler

Waxa kale oo aad ku dari kartaa Terminal -ka inuu ku shaandheeyo macluumaadka nooca xogta. Tusaale ahaan, waxaad heli kartaa dulmar ku saabsan qalabka Mac kaliya adiga oo ku dhejinaya SPHardwareDataType^{(SPHardwareDataType)} dhamaadka amarka — tusaale system_profiler SPHardwareDataType .

Liiska noocyada xogta, ku socodsii nidaamka system_profiler -listDataTypes^{(system_profiler -listDataTypes)} .

Si aad u aragto macluumaadka iyada oo loo marayo GUI (garaafyada isticmaalaha garaafyada) ee ku yaal Mac , hoos u qabo furaha Xulashada^{(Option )} oo tag menu Apple > Macluumaadka Nidaamka^{(System Information)} .

2. Qalabka Ping iyo Shabakadaha

Waxaad ku ogaan kartaa dhibaatooyinka isku xirnaanta shabakadaha iyo aaladaha maxalliga ah adiga oo ku socodsiiya amarka ping <host> adoo adeegsanaya Command Prompt ama Windows PowerShell . Taasi waxay ku boorinaysaa kombuyutarkaga inuu gudbiyo oo helo xidhmooyinka xogta, oo waxaad ogaanaysaa khaladaadka wakhtiyada jawaabta iyo luminta xidhmada.

Amarka ping <host> waa mid caalami ah inta badan CLI^(CLIs) -yada , laakiin Terminal ma dejiyo tirinta ping ilaa aad ku fuliso qiyaasta -c sida soo socota:

ping -c <count> <host>

3. Hubi Isku-habaynta Shabakadda

Kombuyutarka , ku shaqaynta ipconfig^{(ipconfig )} iyada oo loo marayo Command Prompt waxay ku shubtaa utility Hababka Habboon ee Internetka^{(Internet Protocol Configuration)} . Waxay kuu ogolaanaysaa inaad aqoonsato isku xidhka TCP/IP oo ay weheliso macluumaadka ku saabsan ciwaanada IP-ga, waji-xidhka-hoosaadka, albaabada caadiga ah, iyo wixii la mid ah. 

Terminalka u dhigma wuxuu furaa Isku xidhka ^(Terminal)Interface^{(Interface Configuration)} wuxuuna adeegsadaa amarka soo socda:

ifconfig

Sida caadiga ah, ifconfig waxay soo bandhigaysaa shabakadaha firfircoon oo keliya. Si aad u muujiso dhammaan is-dhexgalka, socodsii ifconfig -a beddelkeeda.

4. Dareemi Cache-ga DNS

Kaydka Nidaamka Magaca Domain-ka (DNS)^{(Domain Name System (DNS))} ee kombuyuutarkaaga oo duugoobay ayaa sababaya arrimo ku xidhan shabakadaha. Gudaha Windows , ku socodsiinta amarka ipconfig /flushdns iyada oo loo sii marayo konsole sare oo Command Prompt wuxuu^{(Command Prompt)} kaa caawinayaa inaad nadiifiso kombuyuutarkaaga kaydka DNS ee deegaanka^{(clear your computer’s local DNS cache)} . 

Terminalka u dhiganta nadiifinta kaydka DNS ee ^(Terminal)Mac waa sida soo socota:

sudo dscacheutil -flushcache;sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder

Waa inaad gelisaa furaha maamulaha si aad u oggolaato amarka.

5. Eeg dhammaan hababka socodsiinta

Marka la barbar dhigo Maamulaha Hawsha Windows^{(Windows Task Manager)} , ku qorista liiska hawsha^{(tasklist )} ee Command Prompt ama Windows PowerShell waxay u oggolaanaysaa aragti cad oo ku saabsan geeddi-socodyada asalka ah ee PC gaaga. Waxa kale oo ka kooban macluumaadka sida aqoonsiga habsocodka (^(IDs) PIDs )^(PIDs) iyo xisaabaadka isticmaalka xusuusta hawl kasta.

On Mac , waxaad ku wadi kartaa mid ka mid ah labada amar ee hoose:

• sare^(top)
• ps -ax

Amarka ugu sarreeya^{(top )} wuxuu muujinayaa liiska hababka ugu dhaq-dhaqaaqa badan ee kheyraadka waqtiga-dhabta ah, halka ps-ax ay ku tusinayso liiska hawsha Mac -ga oo dhamaystiran .

6. Geedi socodka Dhamaystirka

Waxa kale oo aad isticmaali kartaa Command Prompt iyo Windows PowerShell si aad u soo afjarto socodsiinta nidaamka shaqada ee taskkill <PID> > 

Terminalka Mac u dhigma waa:

kill <PID> 

Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaad isticmaali kartaa killall <process name> amarka si aad u soo afjarto dhammaan hababka Mac ee ka kooban magac gaar ah - tusaale Garageband . Halkan waxaa ah tilmaanta dhammaystiran ee lagu xirayo hababka Mac iyadoo la adeegsanayo Terminal^{(shutting down Mac processes using Terminal)} .

7. Hubi Tirakoobka Shabakadda

Amarka netstat ee Windows wuxuu kuu ogolaanayaa inaad aragto liiska dhammaan isku xirka TCP ee firfircoon wuxuuna ka caawiyaa aqoonsiga dhibaatooyinka la xiriira shabakada^{(identify network-related problems)} . 

On Mac , ku socodsiinta isla amarku wuxuu keenaa natiijooyin isku mid ah:

netstat 

Si aad u aragto liiska calamada iyo fursadaha u gaarka ah Terminal , ku qor man netstat .

8. Hagaajinta Khaladaadka Disk-ga

Hubinta khadka taliska ee Windows ,^(Windows) kaas oo aad ku wici karto adoo ku socodsiiya chkdsk ee Command Prompt ama Windows PowerShell , waxay kuu oggolaaneysaa inaad hubiso oo aad hagaajiso khaladaadka la xiriira diskka.

Terminal u^(Terminal) dhigma macOS waa fsck (hubinta joogteynta nidaamka faylka) amarka. Ku bilow^(Start) adigoo ku kicinaya Mac -gaaga qaab hal isticmaale ah — taabo Command + S marka aad bilowdo. Ka dib, socodsii sida soo socota:

/sbin/fsck -fy

9. Samee isku xidhka astaanta

Xiriirinta calaamadaha (calaamadaha) ayaa muhiim ah haddii aad u aragto inaadan suurtogal ahayn inaad bedesho goobaha ay apps iyo barnaamijyadu u isticmaalaan inay ku kaydiyaan faylasha. 

Tusaale ahaan, waxaad isticmaali kartaa symlink si aad u waafajiso galka kasta adeega kaydinta daruuraha adiga oo ka dhigaya mid u muuqda inuu ku dhex jiro hagaha isku xidhka caadiga ah. Daaqadaha^(Windows) , waxaad isticmaashaa amarka mklink mklink /J . 

On macOS, Terminal u dhigma waa:

In -s <original folder path> <target folder path>

Si aad wax badan u barato, eeg sida calaamadaha calaamadaha ay ugu shaqeeyaan Mac^{(how symlinks work on the Mac)} .

10. Jadwalka la xidhay

Haddii aad rabto in aad damiso kombayutarkaga kadib wakhti go'an ka dib, waxaad isticmaashaa shutdown -f -t <time in seconds> amarka. 

On Mac , isticmaal amarka soo socda beddelka:

sudo shutdown -h +<time in minutes>

Waxaad had iyo jeer isticmaali kartaa amarka xidhitaanka sudo killall^{(sudo killall shutdown)} si aad u joojiso xidhidh la qorsheeyay.

11. Is barbar dhig kala duwanaanshaha faylka

Daaqadaha^(Windows) , waxaad is barbardhigi kartaa farqiga u dhexeeya laba fayl adoo isticmaalaya amarka fc . 

Terminalka Mac u dhigma waa:

kala duwanaansho^(diff)

Amarka diff wuxuu la socdaa doorashooyin badan. Tusaale ahaan, waxaad isticmaali kartaa furaha -i si aad uga dhigto mid la iska indhatiro kala duwanaanshaha kiisaska faylasha qoraalka. Run man diff si aad u aragto liis dhamaystiran oo ikhtiyaari ah. 

12. Hel Wi-Fi Password

Mar kasta oo aad u baahato inaad si dhakhso leh u aqoonsato erayga sirta ah ee xidhiidhka Wi-Fi^{(identify the password of a Wi-Fi connection)} , waxaad isticmaali kartaa netsh wlan show profile <SSID> key=clear ku caddahay kombayutarkaga

Dhanka Mac , waa inaad ku socodsiisaa amarka soo socda Terminal :

security find-generic-password -ga “<SSID>” | grep “password:”

13. Cusbooneysii Mac

Gudaha Windows , waxaad ku rakibi kartaa cusboonaysiinta nidaamka hawlgalka adiga oo isticmaalaya Windows PowerShell oo wata amarada Get-WindowsUpdate iyo Ku rakib-WindowsUpdate^{(Install-WindowsUpdate)} . Way dhakhso badan tahay oo ka caajis yar tahay marka la barbar dhigo isticmaalka GUI .

U dhigma Terminal si loo cusboonaysiiyo macOS waa:^(Terminal)

• softwareupdate -l si loo sawiro oo loo eego cusboonaysiinta iyo aqoonsiyaasha sugaya.
• softwareupdate -i <identifier> si loo rakibo cusbooneysiin.

14. Cusboonaysiinta kirada IP-ga

Sii daynta iyo cusboonaysiinta kirada IP (Internet Protocol)^{(renewing the IP (Internet Protocol) lease)} waxay hagaajin kartaa arrimaha la xidhiidha isku xidhka kombuyutarkaaga. Taasi waxay ku lug leedahay socodsiinta ipconfig /release iyo ipconfig /renew amarrada iyada oo loo marayo Command Prompt ee Windows . 

Macku wuxuu bixiyaa ikhtiyaar GUI iyada oo loo sii marayo Xulashada Nidaamka^{(System Preferences)} > Shabakadda^{(Network )} > Wi-Fi / Ethernet > Sare^{(Advanced )} > DHCP > Cusbooneysii DHCP^{(Renew DHCP)} . Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaad sidoo kale isticmaali kartaa amarka Terminalka ee soo socda:

sudo ipconfig set <network interface> DHCP

Haddii aadan aqoon magaca is dhexgalka shabakada, isticmaal amarka ifconfig si aad u aqoonsato— tusaale en0 . 

15. Hubi wakhtiga shaqada

Waxaad ku hubin kartaa wakhtiga uu ku jiro kombayutarkaaga (hel-date) - (gcim Win32_OperatingSystem) .LastBootUpTime^{((get-date) – (gcim Win32_OperatingSystem).LastBootUpTime)} Windows PowerShell Command.

Terminal - ka macOS, ku socodsii amarka soo socda beddelka:

wakhtiga shaqada^(uptime)

Amarka waqti- dhimman^{(uptime )} wuxuu kaa caawinayaa inaad go'aansato inay tahay waqtigii la xidhi lahaa ama dib loo bilaabi lahaa Mac kaaga . Taasi badanaa waxay caawisaa xalinta cilladaha farsamada ee ka hortagaya macOS inuu si sax ah u shaqeeyo.

U beddelashada Terminalka

Terminalka^(Terminal) Mac-ku wuxuu kuu oggolaanayaa inaad qabato inta badan hawlaha aad caadaysatay ee Command Prompt iyo Windows PowerShell ee kombiyuutarka. Iyadoo amarka u dhigma ee kore aanu ahayn mid dhameystiran, waa inay mar walba anfacaan.

15 Mac Terminal Equivalents to Windows Command Prompt and PowerShell Commands

In Windows, you can use the Command Prompt and Windows PowerShell consoles for greater control and faster management of the operating system. Both CLIs (command-line interpreters) also help you troubleshoot serious issues with your PC. 

The same goes for the Mac’s Terminal, but its UNIX-based nature requires that you enter a different set of commands.

If you recently switched to using a Mac, you’ll learn the Terminal equivalents to 15 helpful Command Prompt and Windows PowerShell commands below.

1. View System Information

Suppose you want to identify the various hardware and software components (processor, RAM, operating system version, etc.) on your computer. In that case, you can view the information in Command Prompt or Windows PowerShell with the systeminfo command. 

In Terminal, execute the following instead:

system_profiler

You can also prompt Terminal to filter the information by data type. For example, you can get an overview of Mac’s hardware only by appending SPHardwareDataType to the end of the command—e.g. system_profiler SPHardwareDataType.

For a list of data types, run the system_profiler -listDataTypes command.

To view the information via the GUI (graphical user interface) on your Mac, hold down the Option key and go to Apple menu > System Information.

2. Ping Devices and Networks

You can diagnose connectivity problems with websites and local devices by running the ping <host> command via Command Prompt or Windows PowerShell. That prompts your PC to transmit and receive data packets, and you get to spot irregularities in response times and packet loss.

The ping <host> command is universal to most CLIs, but Terminal does not set a ping count unless you execute it with the -c parameter as follows:

ping -c <count> <host>

3. Check Network Configurations

On the PC, running ipconfig via Command Prompt loads the Internet Protocol Configuration utility. It allows you to identify TCP/IP network configurations along with information about IP addresses, subnet masks, default gateways, and so on. 

The Terminal equivalent opens Interface Configuration and uses the following command:

ifconfig

By default, ifconfig displays active networks only. To make it show all interfaces, run ifconfig -a instead.

4. Flush DNS Cache

An outdated Domain Name System (DNS) cache on your computer causes connectivity issues with websites. In Windows, running the ipconfig /flushdns command via an elevated Command Prompt console helps you clear your computer’s local DNS cache. 

The Terminal equivalent to clearing the DNS cache on Mac is as follows:

sudo dscacheutil -flushcache;sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder

You must enter an administrator password to authorize the command.

5. View All Running Processes

Compared to the Windows Task Manager, typing tasklist into Command Prompt or Windows PowerShell allows for a clearer view of your PC’s background processes. It also contains information such as process IDs (PIDs) and memory usage stats for each task.

On the Mac, you can run one of the two commands below:

• top
• ps -ax

The top command displays a list of the most resource-intensive processes in real-time, while ps -ax shows you the complete task list on your Mac.

6. End Process

You can also use Command Prompt and Windows PowerShell to end running processes with the taskkill <PID> command. 

The Mac’s Terminal equivalent is:

kill <PID> 

Additionally, you can use the killall <process name> command to end all Mac processes containing a particular name—e.g. Garageband. Here’s the complete guide to shutting down Mac processes using Terminal.

7. Check Network Statistics

The netstat command in Windows lets you view a list of all active TCP connections and helps identify network-related problems. 

On the Mac, running the same command yields similar results:

netstat 

To view a list of flags and options specific to Terminal, type man netstat.

8. Repair Disk Errors

The Check Disk command-line utility on Windows, which you can invoke by running chkdsk in Command Prompt or Windows PowerShell, allows you to check for and repair disk-related errors.

The Terminal equivalent in macOS is the fsck (file system consistency check) command. Start by booting up your Mac in single-user mode—press Command + S at startup. Then, run the following:

/sbin/fsck -fy

9. Create Symbolic Link

Symbolic links (symlinks) are crucial if you find it impossible to change locations that apps and programs use to store files. 

For example, you can use a symlink to sync any folder to a cloud storage service by making it appear as if it’s inside the default sync directory. On Windows, you use the mklink /J command. 

On macOS, the Terminal equivalent is:

In -s <original folder path> <target folder path>

To learn more, check out how symlinks work on the Mac.

10. Schedule Shut Down

If you want to shut down your PC after a specific amount of time has elapsed, you use the shutdown -f -t <time in seconds> command. 

On the Mac, use the following command instead:

sudo shutdown -h +<time in minutes>

You can always use the sudo killall shutdown command to cancel a scheduled shutdown.

11. Compare File Differences

On Windows, you can compare the difference between two files using the fc command. 

The Mac’s Terminal equivalent is:

diff

The diff command comes with multiple options. For example, you can use the -i switch to make it ignore case differences in text files. Run man diff to view a complete list of options. 

12. Find Wi-Fi Password

Whenever you need to identify the password of a Wi-Fi connection quickly, you can use the netsh wlan show profile <SSID> key=clear on your PC.

On the Mac, you must run the following command in Terminal:

security find-generic-password -ga “<SSID>” | grep “password:”

13. Update Mac

In Windows, you can install operating system updates via Windows PowerShell with the Get-WindowsUpdate and Install-WindowsUpdate commands. It’s faster and less sluggish compared to using the GUI.

The Terminal equivalents to update macOS are:

• softwareupdate -l to scan for and view pending updates and identifiers.
• softwareupdate -i <identifier> to install an update.

14. Renew IP Lease

Releasing and renewing the IP (Internet Protocol) lease can fix connectivity-related issues on your computer. That involves running the ipconfig /release and ipconfig /renew commands via Command Prompt in Windows. 

The Mac provides a GUI option via System Preferences > Network > Wi-Fi/Ethernet > Advanced > DHCP > Renew DHCP. However, you can also use the following Terminal command:

sudo ipconfig set <network interface> DHCP

If you don’t know the network interface name, use the ifconfig command to identify it—e.g. en0. 

15. Check Uptime

You can check your PC’s uptime with the (get-date) – (gcim Win32_OperatingSystem).LastBootUpTime Windows PowerShell command.

On the Terminal in macOS, run the following command instead:

uptime

The uptime command helps you determine if it’s time to shut down or restart your Mac. That often helps resolve random technical glitches preventing macOS from working correctly.

Switching to Terminal

The Mac’s Terminal allows you to perform most tasks that you’ve gotten accustomed to with Command Prompt and Windows PowerShell on the PC. While the command equivalents above aren’t exhaustive, they should be handy always.

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