Dakhliga amarka Windows waa sifo ka mid ah qayb xudunta u ah nidaamka hawlgalka Windows muddo dheer. Waxaa jira qaar ka mid ah amarada CMD kuwaas oo faa'iido leh oo sahlan in la isticmaalo taas oo xitaa isticmaalayaasha caadiga ah ay u arkaan amarka Windows -ka isla markiiba qayb muhiim ah oo ka mid ah nidaamka hawlgalka.

Mar walba waxaa jira warar xan ah oo sheegaya in mar uun la joojin doono, laakiin taasi uma badna inay dhawaan dhacdo.

Kuwa soo socdaa waa 21 ka mid ah amarada CMD ee ugu fiican waa inaad ogaataa haddii aad rabto inaad maamusho Windows PC gaaga.

Sidoo kale, hubi inaad hubiso fiidyowgayaga YouTube-ka halkaasoo aan kaga gudubno amarada ku taxan maqaalkan:

1. ASSOC: Hagaaji Ururada Faylka

Mid ka mid ah qalabka ugu awoodda badan maktabadda taliska CMD waa amarka ^(CMD)ASSOC .

Kumbuyuutarkaaga waxa uu la xidhiidhiyaa fidinta faylalka qaarkood iyo barnaamijyada qaarkood. Tani waa sida uu kumbuyuutarkaagu u yaqaan inuu furo Adobe marka aad laba jeer gujiso faylka PDF , ama ^(PDF)Microsoft Word marka aad laba jeer gujiso faylka DOC .

Waxaad ku arki kartaa dhammaan ururada faylalka kombuyuutarku uu yaqaan markaad ku qorto ASSOC^(ASSOC) daaqadda amarka. Waxaad arki doontaa kordhinta faylka iyo barnaamijka uu ku xiran yahay.

Waxaad samayn kartaa ururka adigoo ku qoraya wax sida assoc .doc=Word.Document.8 .

2. FC: Is barbar dhig faylka

Mararka qaarkood marka faylasha la beddelo wakhti ka dib, way adag tahay in la xasuusto waxa ay ku kala duwan yihiin noocyada. Waxaa laga yaabaa inaadan ogeyn in amarka CMD uu bixiyo awoodda isbarbardhigga faylalka oo la arko dhammaan khilaafaadka, laakiin waa run.

Amarka FC wuxuu qabtaa mid ka mid ah ascii ama isbarbardhigga faylka binary wuxuuna taxayaa dhammaan khilaafaadka uu helo.

Fc /a File1.txt File2.txt waxay is barbar dhigi doontaa laba fayl oo ascii ah.

Fc /b Picture1.jpg Picture2.jpg wuxuu sameyn doonaa isbarbardhigga labada sawir.

3. IPCONFIG: IP Configuration

Cilad-raadinta shabakadu^(Network) waligeed ma fududa, laakiin hal amar oo aad u fududeeya waa IPCONFIG .

Isticmaalka amarkan ee amarka CMD isla markiiba waxay soo celinaysaa macluumaad faahfaahsan oo ku saabsan isku xidhka adabtarada shabakadaada hadda oo ay ku jiraan:

• Ciwaanka IP-ga ee hadda
• Maaskarada Subnetka
• Iridda Gateway-ga caadiga ah
• Goobta hadda

Macluumaadkani wuxuu kaa caawin karaa inaad xalliso arrimaha router-ka iyo arrimaha kale ee xiriirka ee aad la yeelan karto adabtarada shabakadaada.

4. NETSTAT: Tirakoobka Shabakadda

Ma ka walaacsan tahay in aad leedahay malware-ka ku shaqeeya kombayutarkaga kaas oo ku xira goobaha intarneedka adiga oo aan ogeyn?

Haddii aad ku maamusho amarka NETSTAT isla markiiba amarka, waxaad kombuyuutarkaaga ka heli kartaa liiska dhammaan xiriirada firfircoon ee TCP .

5. PING: Dir baakadaha tijaabada

Falanqeeyaha IT saaxiibkiisa ugu fiican waa taliska PING . Ku socodsiinta amarkan waxay u dirtaa baakadaha tijaabada ee shabakada nidaamka bartilmaameedka.

Waxaad isticmaali kartaa amarka PING si aad u tijaabiso in kombuyuutarku geli karo kombiyuutar kale, server, ama xataa degel. Waxay kaa caawin kartaa muujinta kala go'a shabakada Waxa kale oo ay ku siisaa wakhti ku-meel-gaar ah xirmooyinka millise seconds, sidaas darteed waxay sidoo kale muujineysaa isku xirka shabakada xun sidoo kale.

6. TRACERT: Jidka raadraaca

TRACERT waa amar Windows^{(Windows Command)} soo jiidasho leh oo la isticmaalo. Haddii aad waligaa xiisaynayso inaad aragto dariiqa taraafiggu intarneedku u marayo biraawsarkaaga una aado nidaamka fog sida server-yada Google , waxaad isticmaali kartaa TRACERT si aad u aragto.

Amarku waxa uu u taagan yahay "Rad Raadraaca", kaas oo u soo diraya xidhmooyin meel fog (server ama website), oo ku siinaya dhammaan macluumaadka soo socda:

• Tirada^(Number) hops (serverrada dhexe) ka hor inta aanad tagin meesha loo socdo
• Waqti ayay qaadanaysaa in la gaadho hop kasta
• IP-ga iyo mararka qaarkood magaca hop kasta

TRACERT waxay daaha ka qaadi kartaa sida dariiqyada codsiyada intarneedkaagu isu beddelaan iyadoo ku xidhan hadba meesha aad ka gelayso shabakadda. Waxa kale oo ay ka caawisaa cilad-saarka router-ka ama shid shabakad maxalli ah oo laga yaabo inay dhibaato leedahay.

7. POWERCFG: Habaynta Korontada

Miyaad^(Are) ka niyad jabtay sida dhakhsaha badan ee laptop-kaagu ugu ekaado inuu korontadu ka dhammaanayo? Waxay noqon kartaa in goobaha korantada loo habeeyey sida ugu macquulsan. Waxaa jira awaamiir windows CMD oo loo yaqaan POWERCFG Ku socodsii amarka degdega ah maamule ahaan oo ku qor powercfg – energy si aad u hesho warbixin dhamaystiran oo hufnaan koronto ah.

Nidaamku wuxuu qaadan karaa ilaa hal daqiiqo, laakiin marka la dhammeeyo, waxaad arki doontaa inay jiraan wax digniino ama khalad ah oo kaa caawin kara inaad hagaajiso waxtarka awoodda nidaamkaaga.

Arag faylka energy-report.html si aad u aragto faahfaahinta khaladaadkaas iyo digniinaha

8. XIRIIR: Dami Kumbuyuutarka

Amarka SHUTDOWN waa amar qurux badan oo isku dhafan kaas oo kuu ogolaanaya inaad damiso kombiyuutarka laakiin aad xakameyso habdhaqanka xiritaankaas. Waxaa caadi ahaan loo adeegsadaa hawl la qorsheeyay ama qayb ka mid ah shaqada dufcada IT ka dib marka balastar lagu dhejiyo nidaamka kombiyuutarka.

Ku qorista shutdown /i ee isla markiiba amarka waxay bilaabi doontaa xidhidh, laakiin waxay kuxirantahay GUI^(GUI) si ay u siiso adeegsadaha ikhtiyaarka ah inuu dib u bilaabo ama sameeyo xidhid buuxda. Haddii aadan rabin inaad hesho wax GUI ah oo soo booda, waxaad kaliya soo saari kartaa amarka shutdown /s

Waxa jira liis dheer oo ah xuduudo kale oo aad isticmaali karto si aad u samayso log off, hibernate, dib u bilowdo, iyo in ka badan. Kaliya^(Just) ku qor xidhidh^(shutdown) la'aan si aad u aragto dhamaantood.

9. SYSTEMINFO: Macluumaadka Nidaamka

Haddii aad u baahan tahay inaad ogaato nooca kaarka shabakadda ee aad haysato, faahfaahinta processor-ka, ama nooca saxda ah ee Windows OS -kaaga , amarka SYSTEMINFO ayaa ku caawin kara.

Amarkan ayaa codaynaya nidaamkaaga oo jiidaya macluumaadka ugu muhiimsan ee nidaamkaaga. Waxay u taxdaa macluumaadka qaab nadiif ah oo ay fududahay in la akhriyo.

10. SFC: Checker File System

Haddii aad waligaa ka walaacsan tahay in fayras ama software kale ay kharribeen faylalka nidaamkaaga xudunta u ah, waxaa jira amar Windows ah kaas oo baari kara faylashaas oo hubin kara daacadnimadooda.

Waxaad u baahan tahay inaad bilowdo CMD maamule ahaan (midig ku dhufo oo dooro maamulaha maamul ahaan^{(Run as Administrator)} ). SFC /SCANNOW waxay hubin doontaa daacadnimada dhammaan faylasha nidaamka la ilaaliyo. Haddii dhib la helo, faylasha waxaa lagu hagaajin doonaa faylal habaysan oo la taageeray.

Amarka SFC sidoo kale wuxuu kuu ogolaanayaa:

• /VERIFYONLY : Hubi daacadnimada laakiin ha hagaajin faylasha.
• /SCANFILE : Baadh hufnaanta faylalka gaarka ah oo hagaaji haddii ay kharriban yihiin.
• /VERIFYFILE : Xaqiiji daacadnimada faylalka gaarka ah laakiin ha hagaajin.
• /OFFBOOTDIR : U isticmaal tan si aad u hagaajiso hagaha boot-ka ee offline-ka ah.
• /OFFWINDIR : Isticmaal tan si aad u dayactirto hagaha Windows -ka ee qad la'aanta ah.
• /OFFLOGFILE : Qeex waddo aad ku kaydinayso gal gal oo leh natiijooyin iskaanka.

Sawirku wuxuu qaadan karaa ilaa 10 ama 15 daqiiqo, markaa sii wakhti.

11. ISTICMAALKA NETKA: Map drives

Haddii aad rabto inaad khariidad waddo cusub samayso, waxaad had iyo jeer furi kartaa File Explorer, midigta guji PC-gan, oo dhex mari saaxiraha Khariidadda Network Drive^{(Map Network Drive)} . Si kastaba ha noqotee, adoo isticmaalaya amarka NET USE , waxaad ku samayn kartaa wax la mid ah hal xadhig amar.

Tusaale ahaan, haddii aad ku leedahay kombayutarka shabakadaada folder-ka la wadaago ee loo yaqaan \\OTHER-COMPUTER\SHARE\ , waxaad tan u samayn kartaa Z: drive adiga oo ku qoraya amarka:

Net use Z: “\\OTHER-COMPUTER\SHARE” /persistent:yes

Dareemada joogtada ahi^(persistent) waxay u sheegaysaa kombuyuutarkaaga in aad rabto in darawalkan dib loo dhigo mar kasta oo aad dib u soo gasho kombayutarkaga.

12. CHKDSK: Hubi Disk-ga

Iyadoo amarka SFC uu kaliya hubinayo daacadnimada faylasha nidaamka asaasiga ah, waxaad isticmaali kartaa amarka CHKDSK si aad u sawirto darawalka oo dhan.

Amarka si loo hubiyo C: wadista oo hagaajiso wixii dhibaato ah, billow daaqada amarka maamule ahaan oo ku qor CHKDSK /f C: .

Amarkani waxa uu eegayaa waxyaabaha ay ka mid yihiin:

• Faylka kala qaybsanaanta
• Khaladaadka Disk-ga
• Qeybaha xun

Amarka wuxuu hagaajin karaa khaladaad kasta oo disk ah (haddii ay suurtagal tahay). Marka amarka la dhammeeyo, waxaad arki doontaa heerka iskaanka iyo ficillada la qaaday.

13. SHAQADA: Jadwalka Hawlaha

Daaqadaha waxay la yimaadaan saaxir ah abuurista hawlo qorshaysan. Tusaale ahaan, waxaa laga yaabaa inaad haysatid faylka BAT ee ku kaydsan C: emp oo aad rabto inaad shaqeyso maalin kasta duhurkii.

Waa inaad gujisaa Wizard Task ee^{(Scheduled Task)} Jadwalsan si aad tan u habayso. Ama waxaad ku qori kartaa hal amar SCHTASKS si aad u dejiso.

SCHTASKS /Create /SC HOURLY /MO 12 /TR Example /TN c:\temp\File1.bat

Dareemida la qorsheeyay waxa ay aqbashaa doodaha sida daqiiqad, saacadle, maalinle, iyo bil kasta. Kadibna waxaad ku qeexdaa inta jeer ee amarka /MO.

Haddii aad si sax ah u qortay amarka, waxaad arki doontaa jawaabta, GUUL: Hawsha la qorsheeyay “Tusaale” ayaa si guul leh loo abuuray^{(SUCCESS: The scheduled task “Example” has successfully been created)} .

14. ATTRIB: Beddel sifooyinka faylka

Gudaha Windows , waxaad ku bedeli kartaa sifooyinka faylka adiga oo midigta gujinaya faylka oo aad heshid hantida saxda ah ee aad bedeli karto. Si kastaba ha noqotee, halkii aad ka ugaarsan lahayd agagaarka sifada faylka, waxaad isticmaali kartaa amarka ATTRIB si aad u dejiso sifooyinka faylka.

Tusaale ahaan, haddii aad ku qorto: ATTRIB +R +H C:\temp\File1.bat , waxay u dejin doontaa File1.bat sidii fayl qarsoon, akhris-kaliya.

Ma jirto wax jawaab ah marka ay guulaysato, markaa ilaa aad aragto fariin qalad ah, amarku wuu shaqeeyay.

Amarrada kale ee Windows CMD

Sida aad arki karto, waxaa jira waxyaabo awood leh oo faa'iido leh oo aad ku samayn karto isla markiiba amarka Windows , haddii aad taqaan amarrada saxda ah.

Rumayso ama ha rumaysan, waxa jira amarro ka sii badan oo ku siin doona awoodda aad ku samayn karto waxyaalaha qaarkood oo ay u badan tahay inaadan waligaa ogaanin adigoo ku qoraya amar fudud.

• BITSADMIN : Bilow raritaanka ama soo dejiso shaqooyinka shabakada ama internetka oo la soco xaalada hadda wareejinta faylkaas.
• MIDAB^(COLOR) : Beddel midabka dambe ee daaqada degdega ah.
• COMP : Is barbar dhig waxa ku jira laba faylal si aad u aragto faraqa u dhexeeya.
• FIND/FINDSTR : Ka raadi xargaha gudaha faylalka ASCII kasta.^(ASCII)
• BADBAADADA^(PROMPT) : Ka beddel amarka degdegga ah C:> wax kale.
• Ciwaanka^(TITLE) : Beddel ciwaanka daaqada degdega ah.
• REGEDIT : Wax ka beddel furayaasha ku jira diiwaanka Windows (si taxadar leh u isticmaal).
• ROBOCOPY : Utility nuqul faylal awood leh oo isla markiiba lagu dhex dhisay Windows .

Haddii aad xiisaynayso inaad barato wax badan, Microsoft waxay ku siinaysaa liis buuxa oo ah dhammaan amarrada Windows CMD^{(Windows CMD commands)} ee ku jira nooca ugu dambeeyay ee Windows OS .

21 CMD Commands All Windows Users Should Know

The Windows command prompt is a feаture that’s been a core part of the Windows operating system fоr a long time. There are some CMD commands that are so useful аnd easy to use that even regular users see the Windows command prompt as a key part of the operating system.

There are always rumors that it will be phased out at some point, but that’s unlikely to happen any time soon.

The following are 21 of the best CMD commands you should know if you want to have more control over your Windows PC.

Also, be sure to check out our YouTube video where we go over the commands listed in this article:

1. ASSOC: Fix File Associations

One of the most powerful tools in the CMD command library is the ASSOC command.

Your computer associates certain file extensions with certain programs. This is how your computer knows to open Adobe when you double click a PDF file, or Microsoft Word when you double click a DOC file.

You can view all the file associations your computer knows about by typing ASSOC in the command window. You’ll see the file extension and the program it’s associated with.

You can set the association by typing something like assoc .doc=Word.Document.8.

2. FC: File Compare

Sometimes when files are changed over time, it’s hard to remember what the differences were between versions. You may not know that a CMD command offers the ability to compare files and see all differences, but it’s true.

The FC command performs either an ascii or a binary file comparison and will list all of the differences that it finds.

Fc /a File1.txt File2.txt will compare two ascii files.

Fc /b Picture1.jpg Picture2.jpg will do a binary compare on two images.

3. IPCONFIG: IP Configuration

Network troubleshooting is never simple, but one command that makes it much easier is IPCONFIG.

Using this command in the CMD command prompt returns detailed information about your current network adapter connection including:

• Current IP Address
• Subnet Mask
• Default Gateway IP
• Current domain

This information can help you troubleshoot router issues and other connection issues you could be having with your network adapter.

4. NETSTAT: Network Statistics

Concerned that you could have malware running on your computer that’s connecting to internet locations without you knowing about it?

If you run a NETSTAT command in the command prompt, you can get a list of all active TCP connections from your computer.

5. PING: Send Test Packets

An IT Analyst’s best friend is the PING command.  Running this command sends test packets over the network to the target system.

You can use the PING command to test whether your computer can access another computer, a server, or even a website. It can help with revealing network disconnections. It also provides transit time for the packets in milliseconds, so it also reveals a bad network connection as well.

6. TRACERT: Trace Route

TRACERT is a fascinating Windows Command to use. If you’re ever curious to see the path your internet traffic takes to get from your browser to a remote system like Google servers, you can use TRACERT to see it.

The command stands for “Trace Route”, which sends packets out to a remote destination (server or website), and provides you with all of the following information:

• Number of hops (intermediate servers) before getting to the destination
• Time it takes to get to each hop
• The IP and sometimes the name of each hop

TRACERT can reveal how the routes of your internet requests change depending where you’re accessing the web. It also helps with troubleshooting a router or switch on a local network that may be problematic.

7. POWERCFG: Power Configuration

Are you frustrated with how quickly your laptop seems to run out of power? It could be that your power settings are configured as efficiently as possible. There’s a windows CMD command called POWERCFG (power configuration) that can help. Run the command prompt as an administrator and type powercfg – energy to get a full power efficiency report.

The process can take up to about a minute, but when it’s done, you’ll see whether there are any warnings or errors that might help you improve the power efficiency of your system.

View the energy-report.html file to see the details of those errors and warnings.

8. SHUTDOWN: Turn Off Computer

The SHUTDOWN command is a pretty versatile command that lets you shutdown the computer but control the behavior of that shutdown. It’s commonly used as a scheduled task or part of an IT batch job after patches have been applied to a computer system.

Typing shutdown /i from the command prompt will initiate a shutdown, but it’ll upon a GUI to give the user an option on whether to restart or do a full shutdown. If you don’t want to have any GUI pop up, you can just issue a shutdown /s command.

There is a long list of other parameters you can use to do a log off, hibernate, restart, and more. Just type shutdown without any arguments to see them all.

9. SYSTEMINFO: System Information

If you need to know what brand of network card you have, processor details, or the exact version of your Windows OS, the SYSTEMINFO command can help.

This command polls your system and pulls the most important information about your system. It lists the information in a clean format that’s easy to read.

10. SFC: System File Checker

If you’re ever concerned that a virus or some other software might have corrupted your core system files, there’s a Windows command that can scan those files and ensure their integrity.

You need to launch CMD as administrator (right click and choose Run as Administrator). Typing SFC /SCANNOW will check the integrity of all protected system files. If a problem is found, the files will be repaired with backed-up system files.

The SFC command also lets you:

• /VERIFYONLY: Check the integrity but don’t repair the files.
• /SCANFILE: Scan the integrity of specific files and fix if corrupted.
• /VERIFYFILE: Verify the integrity of specific files but don’t repair them.
• /OFFBOOTDIR: Use this to do repairs on an offline boot directory.
• /OFFWINDIR: Use this to do repairs on an offline Windows directory.
• /OFFLOGFILE: Specify a path to save a log file with scan results.

The scan can take up to 10 or 15 minutes, so give it time.

11. NET USE: Map drives

If you want to map a new drive, you could always open File Explorer, right click on This PC, and go through the Map Network Drive wizard. However, using the NET USE command, you can do the same thing with one command string.

For example, if you have a share folder on a computer on your network called \\OTHER-COMPUTER\SHARE\, you can map this as your own Z: drive by typing the command:

Net use Z: “\\OTHER-COMPUTER\SHARE” /persistent:yes

The persistent switch tells your computer that you want this drive remapped every time you log back into your computer.

12. CHKDSK: Check Disk

While the SFC command only checks the integrity of core system files, you can use the CHKDSK command to scan an entire drive.

The command to check the C: drive and repair any problems, launch the command window as an administrator and type CHKDSK /f C:.

This command checks for things like:

• File fragmentation
• Disk errors
• Bad sectors

The command can fix any disk errors (if possible). When the command is finished, you’ll see a status of the scan and what actions were taken.

13. SCHTASKS: Schedule Tasks

Windows comes with a wizard for creating scheduled tasks. For example, maybe you have a BAT file stored on C:\temp that you want to run every day at noon.

You’d have to click through the Scheduled Task wizard to configure this. Or you can type a single SCHTASKS command to set it up.

SCHTASKS /Create /SC HOURLY /MO 12 /TR Example /TN c:\temp\File1.bat

The scheduled switch accepts arguments like minute, hourly, daily, and monthly. Then you specify the frequency with the /MO command.

If you typed the command correctly, you’ll see the response, SUCCESS: The scheduled task “Example” has successfully been created.

14. ATTRIB: Change File Attributes

In Windows, you can change file attributes by right clicking on a file and finding the right property to change. However, instead of hunting around for the file attribute, you can use the ATTRIB command to set the file attributes.

For example, if you type: ATTRIB +R +H C:\temp\File1.bat, it’ll set File1.bat as a hidden, read-only file.

There is no response when it’s successful, so unless you see an error message, the command worked.

Other Windows CMD Commands

As you can see, there are some powerful and useful things you can do with the Windows command prompt, if you know the right commands.

Believe it or not, there are even more commands that will give you the ability to do some things you probably never realized just by typing a simple command.

• BITSADMIN: Initiate upload or download jobs over the network or internet and monitor the current state of those file transfers.
• COLOR: Change the background color of the command prompt window.
• COMP: Compare the contents of any two files to see the differences.
• FIND/FINDSTR: Search for strings inside of any ASCII files.
• PROMPT: Change the command prompt from C:\> to something else.
• TITLE: Change the title of the command prompt window.
• REGEDIT: Edit keys in the Windows registry (use with caution).
• ROBOCOPY: A powerful file copy utility built right into Windows.

If you’re interested in learning more, Microsoft offers a full list of all of the Windows CMD commands included in the latest version of the Windows OS.

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