Ma doorataa Aqbal^{(Accept )} wax kasta oo lagugu soo tuuro marka aad app cusub ku rakibto qalabkaaga Android^{(new app on your Android device)} ? Dadka badankiisu way sameeyaan. Laakiin maxaad ku heshiinaysaa? 

Waxaa jira Heshiiska Shatiga Isticmaalaha Dhammaadka ah^{(End User Licensing Agreement)} ( EULA ) ka dibna waxaa jira ogolaanshaha abka. Qaar ka mid ah oggolaanshaha abka waxay u oggolaan karaan abka, iyo shirkadda samaysay, inay aad u fogaato oo ay ku xad-gudbiso sirtaada. Waxaad u baahan tahay inaad ogaato rukhsadaha abka si aad uga fogaato ku heshiinta Android kaaga .

Waa maxay ogolaanshaha ay tahay inaad iska ilaaliso? Waxay ku xiran tahay, oo aan sii geli doono taas. Waxaad u baahan doontaa inaad ka digtoonaato oggolaanshaha la xidhiidha gelitaanka:

• Taleefanka
• Maqal
• Goobta
• Xiriirada
• Kamarada
• Kalandarka
• Fariin
• Biometrics
• Kaydinta Cloud

Waa maxay Ogolaanshaha App-ka?^{(What Are App Permissions?)}

Markaad rakibto app, abka waa dhif inuu la yimaado wax kasta oo uu u baahan yahay si uu u qabto shaqadiisa markii horeba lagu dhex dhisay. Waxa jira waxyaabo badan oo horeba ugu jira Android kaaga oo uu appku u baahan yahay in lagu dhex daro si uu shaqadiisa u qabsado.

Aynu nidhaahno waxaad soo dejisay abka tafatirka sawirka^{(download a photo editing app)} . Horumariyaha abka kuma qori doono sawir dhamaystiran ama software kamarad abka laftiisa. Waxay kaliya codsan doonaan marin u helka waxyaalahaas. Tani waxay ka ilaalinaysaa abka inay yareeyaan oo hufan iyo Android kaaga inay buuxiyaan koodka abka ee nuqul ka mid ah.

Waa maxay Ogolaanshiyaha App-ka ee aan ka fogaado?^{(What App Permissions Should I Avoid?)}

Horumarinta Android^(Android) , ogolaanshaha waxaa loo qaybiyaa 2 kooxood: caadi iyo khatar.

Ogolaanshaha caadiga ah waxaa loo arkaa inay badbaado yihiin oo inta badan waa la oggolaadaa si caadi ah iyada oo aan oggolaansho cad lagaa helin. Oggolaanshaha khatarta ahi waa kuwa keeni kara khatar sirtaada. 

Waxaan eegi doonaa 30ka ogolaansho ee halista ah ee ku taxan tixraaca horumariyaha Android^{( Android Developer’s Reference)} ee Google . Magaca oggolaanshaha ayaa la qori doonaa, oo ay la socoto xigashada tixraaca horumariyaha ee ku^(Reference) saabsan waxa oggolaanshaha oggol yahay. Kadib waxaan si kooban u sharixi doonaa sababta ay khatar u noqon karto. Kuwani waa oggolaanshaha abka ee laga yaabo^(may) inaad rabto inaad iska ilaaliso, haddii ay suurtagal tahay

ACCEPT_HANDOVER

"Waxay ogolataa abka wicida inuu sii wado wicitaanka kaas oo lagu bilaabay abka kale."

Oggolaanshahani waxa uu ogolaanayaa in wacitaanka lagu wareejiyo abka ama adeega laga yaabo inaadan ka warqabin. Tani waxay ku dambayn kartaa inay kugu kiciso haddii ay kugu wareejiso adeeg isticmaalaya kootada xogtaada halkii aad ka isticmaali lahayd qorshahaaga gacanta. Waxa kale oo loo isticmaali karaa in si qarsoodi ah loo duubo wada sheekaysiga.

ACCESS_BACKGROUND_LOCATION

"Waxay u ogolaataa abka inuu galo goobta dambe. Haddii aad codsanayso oggolaanshahan, waa inaad sidoo kale codsato ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION midkood ama ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION . Codsashada oggolaanshahan lafteedu kuma siinayso gelitaanka goobta."

Sida Google u yiraahdo, oggolaanshahan oo keliya kumala socon doono. Laakin waxa ay sameyn karto ayaa ah in lagu ogaado^{(allow you to be tracked)} xitaa haddii aad u maleyneyso in aad xirtay app-ka oo aysan hadda la socon goobtaada.

ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION

"Waxay u ogolaataa abka inuu galo meel ku dhow."

Saxnaanta goobta aan fiicneyn waxay ku geyneysaa aag guud, iyadoo ku saleysan munaaradda unugga ee uu qalabku ku xirayo. Waa waxtar u leh adeegyada degdegga ah inay ku helaan xilliga dhibka, laakiin cid kale uma baahna macluumaadkaas.

ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION

"Waxay u ogolaataa abka inuu galo goobta saxda ah."

Marka ay si sax ah u sheegaan, waxay ula jeedaan. Oggolaanshaha goobta ganaaxa wuxuu isticmaali doonaa GPS iyo xogta WiFi si uu u tilmaamo meesha aad joogto. Saxnimadu waxa ay ahaan kartaa dhawr cagood, lagana yaabo in la helo qolka aad ku jirto gurigaaga dhexdiisa.

ACCESS_MEDIA_LOCATION

"Waxay u ogolaataa arjiga inuu galo goob kasta oo juqraafi ah oo ku sii jira ururinta la wadaago isticmaalaha."

Hadii aanad damin geotagging-ka sawiradaada iyo muqaaladaada^{(turned off geotagging on your pictures and videos)} , abkani waxa uu dhex mari karaa dhamaantood oo uu dhisi karaa muuqaal sax ah oo ku saabsan halka aad ku salaysay xogta ku jirta sawiradaada^{(build an accurate profile of where you’ve been based on data in your photo files)} .

ACTIVITY_RECOGNITION

"Waxay ogolataa codsiga in lagu aqoonsado dhaqdhaqaaqa jidhka."

Keligeed, waxaa laga yaabaa inaysan u muuqan wax badan. Waxaa inta badan isticmaala raadraacayaasha dhaqdhaqaaqa sida FitBit^{(activity trackers like FitBit)} . Laakin ku darso macluumaadka kale ee goobta waxayna ogaan karaan waxaad samaynayso iyo meesha aad samaynayso.

ADD_VOICEMAIL

"Waxay ogolaataa codsi inuu ku daro fariimaha codka ee nidaamka."

Tan waxa loo isticmaali karaa ujeeddooyin phishing ah. Bal qiyaas^(Imagine) in aad ku darto fariin cod^(voicemail) ah bangigaaga oo aad ku waydiisanayso in aad soo wacdo, laakiin lambarka la bixiyay maahan kan bangiga.

JAWAAB_PHONE_WACIIQ^{(ANSWER_PHONE_CALLS)}

"Waxay u ogolaataa abka inuu ka jawaabo wicitaanka telefoonka soo socda."

Waxaad arki kartaa sida tani ay dhibaato u noqon karto. Bal qiyaas^(Imagine) app ka jawaabaya wicitaanadaada taleefanka oo ku samaynaya wax kasta oo uu jecel yahay iyaga.

BODY_SENSORS

"Waxay u ogolaataa arjiga inuu galo xogta dareemayaasha uu isticmaaluhu isticmaalo si uu u cabbiro waxa ka dhacaya jidhkooda, sida garaaca wadnaha^{(sensors that the user uses to measure what is happening inside their body, such as heart rate)} ."

Tani waa mid kale oo macluumaadka kaligiis laga yaabo inaysan macno badan lahayn, laakiin marka lagu daro macluumaadka dareemayaasha kale waxay muujin kartaa mid aad u weyn. 

Wac_PHONE^(CALL_PHONE)

"Waxay u ogolaataa arjiga inuu bilaabo wicitaan telefoon isagoon soo marin is-dhex galka adeegsadaha Dialer si uu isticmaaluhu u xaqiijiyo wacitaanka."

Waa cabsi ku filan in aad u malaynayso in app uu samayn karo taleefoon adiga oo aan ogayn. Ka dib ka feker sida ay u wacayso nambarka 1-900 oo aad ku jiri karto boqollaal ama kumanaan doolar.

KAAMERA^(CAMERA)

"Waxa loo baahan yahay in la galo qalabka kamarada."

Barnaamijyo badan ayaa rabi doona inay isticmaalaan kamarada. Waxay macno u samaynaysaa waxyaabaha ay ka midka yihiin tafatirka sawirka ama warbaahinta bulshada. Laakiin haddii ciyaarta carruurta fudud ay rabto oggolaanshahan, taasi waa uun wax naxdin leh.

AKHRISO_CALENDAR^{(READ_CALENDAR)}

"Waxay u ogolaataa arjiga inuu akhriyo xogta jadwalka^{(calendar data)} isticmaalaha ."

Appku wuu ogaan lahaa meesha aad joogi doonto iyo goorta. Haddii aad qoraal ku samayso ballamahaaga, waxay sidoo kale ogaan doontaa sababta aad halkaas u joogto. Ku dar macluumaadka goobta oo abka ayaa ogaan doona sida aad sidoo kale halkaas ku tagtay.

QORTA_CALENDAR^{(WRITE_CALENDAR)}

"Waxay ogolaataa arjiga inuu qoro xogta kalandarka isticmaalaha."

Jilaaga xun ayaa laga yaabaa inuu u isticmaalo tan si uu ballamo u galo jadwalkaaga taasoo kaa dhigaysa inaad u malaynayso inaad u baahan tahay meel aadan tegin, ama wac qof aanad u baahnayn.

AKHRISO_WACIIQADA_LOGGA^{(READ_CALL_LOG)}

"Waxay u ogolaataa arji inuu akhriyo diiwaanka wicitaanka isticmaalaha."

Cidda aan la hadalno iyo goorma ayaa nolosheenna muujin karta. U wacaya qofka aad isla shaqaynayso maalintii? Caadiyan^(Normal) . Iyaga wacaya 2da subaxnimo habeenka sabtida^(Saturday) ? Caadi maaha

QOR_SOCOD_LOG^{(WRITE_CALL_LOG)}

"Waxay u ogolaataa codsigu inuu qoro (laakin aan la akhriyin) xogta log call ee isticmaalaha."

Uma badna inay dhacdo, laakiin abka xaasidka ah wuxuu ku dari karaa diiwaanka wacitaanka si uu kuugu habeeyo shay. 

READ_CONTACTS

"Waxay u ogolaataa codsiga inuu akhriyo xogta xidhiidhada isticmaalaha."

Si la mid ah akhrinta log callka, liiska xiriirka qofka^{(person’s contact list)} ayaa wax badan ka sheegaya. Waxaa dheer, liiska waxaa laga yaabaa in loo isticmaalo in lagu khiyaaneeyo asxaabtaada, taasoo ka dhigaysa inay u maleeyaan inaad adigu fariin u dirayso. Waxa kale oo loo isticmaali karaa in lagu kobciyo liiska iimaylka suuq-geynta shirkadu waxay markaas ka iibin kartaa xayaysiiyayaasha.

WRITE_CONTACTS

"Waxay ogolataa codsiga inuu qoro xogta xidhiidhka isticmaalaha."

Maxaa dhacaya haddii tan loo isticmaali karo in lagu beddelo ama lagu beddelo dadka aad la xidhiidho? Bal qiyaas^(Imagine) haddii ay u beddeshay nambarkii dallaalkaaga amaahda amaahda ah oo aad nambar kale wacdo qaar ka mid ah tuuganimada oo aad siiso macluumaadkaaga maaliyadeed.

READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE

"Waxay ogolataa codsiga in laga akhriyo kaydinta dibadeed."

Kaydin kasta oo xog ah oo ku xidha qalabkaaga, sida kaarka microSD^{(microSD card)} ama xitaa laptop, waa la geli karaa haddii aad ogolaato oggolaanshahan.

WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE

"Waxay ogolataa codsiga in lagu qoro kaydinta dibadda."

Haddii aad bixiso oggolaanshahan, markaa READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE ogolaanshaha si badheedh ah ayaa sidoo kale loo bixiyaa. Hadda appku waxa uu ku samayn karaa waxa uu rabo kaydinta xogta ku xidhan.

READ_PHONE_NUMBERS

" Waxay ogolaataa^(Allows) akhrinta gelitaanka lambarrada teleefanka ee qalabka. "

Haddii app uu ku weydiiyo tan oo aad siiso, abka hadda wuu garanayaa lambarka taleefankaaga. Filo in aad hesho robocalls^{(get some robocalls)} dhawaan haddii abka uu qaabaysan yahay.

AKHRISO_PHONE_STATE^{(READ_PHONE_STATE)}

" Waxay ogolaataa^(Allows) in la akhriyo oo kaliya xaalada telefoonka, oo ay ku jirto macluumaadka shabakada gacanta ee hadda, heerka wicitaanada socda, iyo liiska xisaabaadka telefoonka ee ka diiwaan gashan qalabka."

Ogolaanshahan waxa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu fududeeyo dhageysiga iyo dabagalka shabakada aad ku jirto.

AKHRISO_SMS^(READ_SMS)

"Waxay ogolaataa arjiga in lagu akhriyo fariimaha SMS^(SMS) ."

Mar labaad^(Again) , hab kale oo lagugu dhegeysto oo lagu ururiyo macluumaadka shakhsiyeed. Markan adiga oo akhrinaya fariimahaaga qoraalka ah.

U dir_SMS^(SEND_SMS)

"Waxay ogolataa codsigu inuu diro fariimaha SMS^{(SMS messages)} ."

Tan waxa loo isticmaali karaa in lagugu diiwaangeliyo adeegyada fariimaha qoraalka ah ee lacagta ah, sida helitaanka horoscope-kaaga maalinlaha ah. Tani waxay kugu kici kartaa lacag badan, si degdeg ah.

HELO_MMS^{(RECEIVE_MMS)}

"Waxay ogolaataa arji si loola socdo fariimaha MMS ee soo socda."^(MMS)

App-ka ayaa awood u yeelan doona inuu arko wixii sawiro ama muuqaal ah oo laguu soo diro.

Hel_SMS^{(RECEIVE_SMS)}

"Waxay ogolataa codsigu inuu helo fariimaha SMS^(SMS) ."

App-kani waxa uu u ogolaanayaa la socodka fariimahaaga qoraalka ah.

hel_WAP_PUSH^{(RECEIVE_WAP_PUSH)}

"Waxay ogolataa codsiga inuu helo fariimaha riixitaanka WAP ."

Fariinta riixitaanka WAP waa fariin sidoo kale ah isku xirka shabakada. Xulashada fariinta waxay furi kartaa phishing ama shabakad shabakadeed malware-ka saaran.

RECORD_AUDIO

"Waxay ogolataa codsiga inuu duubo cod."

Weli hab kale oo lagu dhegeysto dadka. Waxaa intaa dheer waxaa jira xaddi la yaab leh oo aad ka baran karto dhawaaqyada ku wareegsan qofka, xitaa haddii uusan hadlin.

ISTICMAALKA_SIP^(USE_SIP)

"Waxay ogolataa codsigu inuu isticmaalo adeega SIP ."

Haddii aadan aqoon waxa uu yahay fadhiga SIP, ka fikir Skype ama Soo dhawoow^{(Skype or Zoom)} . Kuwani waa isgaarsiin ku dhaca xiriirka VoIP . Kani waa hal dariiqo oo dheeri ah oo abka xaasidnimo ahi ku daawan karo oo ku dhegaysan karo.

Miyaan iska ilaaliyaa dhammaan oggolaanshaha Android?^{(Should I Avoid All Android Permissions?)}

Waa inaan eegnaa ogolaanshaha macnaha guud ee waxa aan rabno appku inuu noo sameeyo. Haddii aan joojin lahayn dhammaan oggolaanshahaas abka kasta, midna abkayagu ma shaqayn doono.

Ka fikir^(Think) qalabkaaga Android inuu yahay gurigaaga. Isku ekaanshahayada, ka fakar abka inuu yahay dayactire gurigaaga soo galaya. Waxay hayaan shaqo gaar ah oo ay qabtaan waxayna u baahan doonaan inay galaan qaybo ka mid ah gurigaaga, laakiin maaha kuwo kale.

Haddii aad haysato tuubiste u soo galay si uu u hagaajiyo saxanka jikada, waxay u baahan doonaan ogolaanshahaaga si ay u galaan saxanka iyo tuubooyinka biyaha siiya oo ay ka saaraan. Waa kaas. Markaa haddii tuubistehu ku weydiiyo inuu arko qolkaaga jiifka, waxaad ka shakin doontaa waxay samaynayaan. Waxa la mid ah apps-ka. Maskaxda ku hay taas marka aad ogolaato oggolaanshaha abka.

30 App Permissions To Avoid On Android

Do you just select Accept to everything thrown at you when you install a new app on your Android device? Most people do. But what are you agreeing to? 

There’s the End User Licensing Agreement (EULA) and then there are the app permissions. Some of those app permissions can allow an app, and the company that made it, to go too far and violate your privacy. You need to know what app permissions to avoid agreeing to on your Android.

What permissions should you avoid? It depends, and we’ll go into that further. You’ll want to be wary of permissions related to accessing:

• Phone
• Audio
• Location
• Contacts
• Camera
• Calendar
• Messaging
• Biometrics
• Cloud Storage

What Are App Permissions?

When you install an app, the app seldom comes with everything it needs to do its job already built-in. There are a lot of things already in your Android that the app needs to integrate with to get its job done.

Let’s say you download a photo editing app. The app developer wouldn’t write in a complete photo gallery or camera software into the app itself. They’re just going to ask for access to those things. This keeps the apps small and efficient and your Android from filling up with duplicated app code.

What App Permissions Should I Avoid?

For Android developers, permissions are divided into 2 groups: normal and dangerous.

Normal permissions are considered safe and often allowed by default without your express permission. Dangerous permissions are ones that may present a risk to your privacy. 

We’ll look at the 30 dangerous permissions listed in the Android Developer’s Reference from Google. The name of the permission will be listed, with a quote from the Developer’s Reference about what the permission allows. Then we’ll briefly explain why it could be dangerous. These are app permissions you may want to avoid, if possible

ACCEPT_HANDOVER

“Allows a calling app to continue a call which was started in another app.”

This permission allows for a call to be transferred to an app or service you might not be aware of. This could end up costing you if it transfers you to a service that’s using your data quota instead of your cell plan. It could also be used to secretly record conversations.

ACCESS_BACKGROUND_LOCATION

“Allows an app to access location in the background. If you’re requesting this permission, you must also request either ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION or ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION. Requesting this permission by itself doesn’t give you location access.”

Like Google says, this permission alone won’t track you. But what it can do is allow you to be tracked even if you think you’ve closed the app and it’s no longer tracking your location.

ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION

“Allows an app to access approximate location.”

The accuracy of coarse location locates you to a general area, based upon the cell tower to which the device is connecting. It’s helpful for emergency services to locate you during trouble, but no one else really needs that information.

ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION

“Allows an app to access precise location.”

When they say precise, they mean it. The fine location permission will use GPS and WiFi data to pinpoint where you are. The accuracy could be within a few feet, possibly locating which room you’re in within your home.

ACCESS_MEDIA_LOCATION

“Allows an application to access any geographic locations persisted in the user’s shared collection.”

Unless you’ve turned off geotagging on your pictures and videos, this app can go through all of them and build an accurate profile of where you’ve been based on data in your photo files.

ACTIVITY_RECOGNITION

“Allows an application to recognize physical activity.”

On its own, it might not seem like much. It’s often used by activity trackers like FitBit. But put it together with other location information and they can figure out what you’re doing and where you’re doing it.

ADD_VOICEMAIL

“Allows an application to add voicemails into the system.”

This could be used for phishing purposes. Imagine adding a voicemail from your bank asking to give them a call, but the number provided isn’t the bank’s.

ANSWER_PHONE_CALLS

“Allows the app to answer an incoming phone call.”

You can see how this could be a problem. Imagine an app just answering your phone calls and doing whatever it likes with them.

BODY_SENSORS

“Allows an application to access data from sensors that the user uses to measure what is happening inside their body, such as heart rate.”

This is another one where the information on its own might not mean much, but when coupled with information from other sensors could prove very revealing. 

CALL_PHONE

“Allows an application to initiate a phone call without going through the Dialer user interface for the user to confirm the call.”

It’s scary enough to think an app could make a phone call without you knowing it. Then think about how it might call a 1-900 number and you could be on the hook for hundreds or thousands of dollars.

CAMERA

“Required to be able to access the camera device.”

A lot of apps will want to use the camera. It makes sense for things like photo editing or social media. But if a simple kids game wants this permission, that’s just creepy.

READ_CALENDAR

“Allows an application to read the user’s calendar data.”

The app would know where you’ll be and when. If you make notes with your appointments, it’ll also know why you’re there. Add to the location information and the app will know how you got there too.

WRITE_CALENDAR

“Allows an application to write the user’s calendar data.”

A bad actor might use this to put appointments in your calendar making you think you might have to go somewhere you don’t, or call someone you don’t need to.

READ_CALL_LOG

“Allows an application to read the user’s call log.”

Who we talk to and when can be very revealing about our lives. Calling your co-worker during the day? Normal. Calling them at 2 a.m. on Saturday night? Not so normal.

WRITE_CALL_LOG

“Allows an application to write (but not read) the user’s call log data.”

It’s not likely to happen, but a malicious app could add call logs to set you up for something. 

READ_CONTACTS

“Allows an application to read the user’s contacts data.”

Similar to reading the call log, a person’s contact list says a lot about them. Plus, the list may be used to phish your friends, making them think it’s you messaging them. It can also be used to grow a marketing email list the company could then sell off to advertisers.

WRITE_CONTACTS

“Allows an application to write the user’s contacts data.”

What if this could be used to edit or overwrite your contacts? Imagine if it changed the number for your mortgage broker to another number and you call some scammer and give them your financial information.

READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE

“Allows an application to read from external storage.”

Any data storage that plugs into your device, like a microSD card or even a laptop, could be accessed if you allow this permission.

WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE

“Allows an application to write to external storage.”

If you grant this permission, then the READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE permission is implicitly granted as well. Now the app can do what it wants with any connected data storage.

READ_PHONE_NUMBERS

“Allows read access to the device’s phone number(s). “

If an app asks for this and you grant it, the app now knows your phone number. Expect to get some robocalls soon if the app is sketchy.

READ_PHONE_STATE

“Allows read only access to phone state, including the current cellular network information, the status of any ongoing calls, and a list of any phone accounts registered on the device.”

This permission could be used to facilitate eavesdropping and tracking you by which network you’re on.

READ_SMS

“Allows an application to read SMS messages.”

Again, another way to eavesdrop on you and gather personal information. This time by reading your text messages.

SEND_SMS

“Allows an application to send SMS messages.”

This could be used to sign you up for paid texting services, like getting your daily horoscope. This could cost you a lot of money, quickly.

RECEIVE_MMS

“Allows an application to monitor incoming MMS messages.”

The app would be able to see any pictures or videos that were sent to you.

RECEIVE_SMS

“Allows an application to receive SMS messages.”

This app would allow for monitoring your text messages.

RECEIVE_WAP_PUSH

“Allows an application to receive WAP push messages.”

A WAP push message is a message that is also a web link. Selecting the message could open a phishing or malware laden web site.

RECORD_AUDIO

“Allows an application to record audio.”

Yet another way to eavesdrop on people. Plus there’s a surprising amount you can learn from the sounds around a person, even if they’re not talking.

USE_SIP

“Allows an application to use SIP service.”

If you don’t know what a SIP session is, think of Skype or Zoom. Those are communications that happen over a VoIP connection. This is just one more way that a malicious app could watch and listen to you.

Should I Avoid All Android Permissions?

We must look at permissions in the context of what we want the app to do for us. If we were to block all those permissions for every app, none of our apps would work.

Think of your Android device as your home. For our analogy, think of the app as a repairman coming into your home. They have a specific job to do and will need access to certain parts of your home, but not others.

If you’ve got a plumber coming in to fix the kitchen sink, they’re going to need your permission to access the sink and the pipes that supply and remove water. That’s it. So if the plumber asked to see your bedroom, you’d become suspicious of what they’re doing. The same goes for apps. Keep that in mind when you agree to app permissions.

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