Linux ma aha mid ka mid ah nidaamka hawlgalka. Taa baddalkeeda, waxaad heli kartaa qaybin kala duwan ama "distros" oo loo habeeyey ujeedooyin kala duwan. 

Nooc kasta oo Linux ah ayaa isticmaala isla xudunta. Taasi waa, Linux "kernel". Laakiin noocyada Linux waxay ku kala duwanaan karaan dhinac kasta. Taas waxaa ka mid ah sida ay u eg yihiin, sifooyinka lagu soo daray iyo xirmooyinka software-ka ee horay loo sii rakibay. 

Kuwa soo socda waa Linux distros-yada ugu sarreeya waxaan u maleyneynaa in dadka intooda badan ay tahay inay isku dayaan.

Ubuntu

[Ubuntu Desktop]

Waxaa suurtogal ah nooca ugu caansan ee Linux , Ubuntu Linux wuxuu diiradda saarayaa la tartamidda Windows 10^{(Windows 10)} iyo macOS sida nidaamyada hawlgalka desktop. Waxaan inta badan kugula talineynaa Ubuntu sida go-to Linux distro si aad isugu daydo haddii aad raadineyso wax ka badan ama ka yar beddelka beddelka labada hoggaamiye ee suuqa. Dad badan ayaa u arka inay tahay kan ugu sarreeya Linux distro.

Ubuntu sidoo kale waxay heshaa inta badan taageerada software dhinac saddexaad marka loo eego distros-yada kale ee Linux . Haddii uu jiro nooca Linux ee xirmo software ganacsi, waxaad hubin kartaa in ugu yaraan lagu tijaabin doono Ubuntu .

Haddii aad tahay nooc ka mid ah gamer, Ubuntu sidoo kale wuxuu bixiyaa khibradda ugu fiican. Steam wuxuu qabtay shaqo badan si uu u bixiyo noocyada Linux ee ciyaaraha, ama ka dhigo noocyada Windows inay ku shaqeeyaan Linux iyada oo loo marayo hindiseheeda SteamPlay^(SteamPlay) . Tani maaha wax aan macquul aheyn in lagu sameeyo distros kale, laakiin horumarku wuxuu udub dhexaad u ahaa Ubuntu waxayna u muuqataa in madax xanuunka ugu yar laga helayo halkaas.

Ubuntu sidoo kale waxay leedahay qaar ka mid ah taageerada ugu fiican ee desktop kasta oo Linux ah . Waxa taageeray urur u go'ay oo magaciisu yahay Canonical oo aan ku tiirsanayn naxariista bulshada oo keliya in la cusbooneysiiyo.

Mint

Marka laga reebo Ubuntu , Linux Mint wuxuu^{(Linux Mint)} noqon karaa magac aad maqasho marar badan. Inkastoo aysan haysan taageerada machad weyn sida Canonical , isticmaaleyaal badan ayaa u arka inay doorbidayaan waayo-aragnimada Mint . Mint ayaa ku fudud ilaha nidaamka, taas oo ka dhigaysa doorasho wanaagsan kombiyuutarada da'da weyn ama laptop-class-netbook.

Waa wax yar oo ka yar Ubuntu oo, iyadoo ku xidhan sida aad u eegto, aad u habaysan natiijada. Mint waxa kale oo ay leedahay sifooyin yar oo ka dhigaya wax yar oo ammaan ah kuwa bilowga ah. Tusaale ahaan, meelaha software-ka lagu kaydiyo waxa lagu celin karaa gobolladoodii hore.

Mint waxa kale oo ka mid ah tiro codsiyo ah iyo astaamo ka baxsan sanduuqa kuwaas oo ay tahay in lagu rakibo sida dheeraadka ah ee Ubuntu . Waxa kale oo aad si fudud ugu dari kartaa ku-darka lahaanshaha sida codecs si toos ah meelaha software-ka. Tani waa hab saaxiibtinimo oo loogu talagalay isticmaalayaasha cusub.

Ugu dambeyntii Cinnamon , oo ah mid ka mid ah fursadaha isdhexgalka ee ugu muhiimsan ee Mint , waxay bixisaa isbeddel sahlan oo loogu talagalay isticmaalayaasha ka imaanaya interface -ka Windows . Taasi^(Which) waa sababta Mint si caadi ah loogu talinayaa kuwa suulasha gelinaya Linux markii ugu horeysay.

Manjaro

Waad ku mahadsan tahay sida caanka ah iyo guusha Ubuntu uu u ahaa, distros yar yar oo badan ayaa ku saleysan nooca vaniljka ee Ubuntu . Manjaro , dhanka kale, waxay ku saleysan tahay si wanaagsan loo ixtiraamo Arch Linux . Arch waxaa lagu dhisay fikradda wadarta is-beddelka, marka waxay leedahay hannaan rakibo ku lug leh oo qurux badan, laakiin Linux gurus waa mid ka mid ah distros-yada ugu sarreeya Linux .

Manjaro wuxuu qaataa waxa u wanaagsan Arch wuxuuna isku dayaa inuu sii hayo isagoo bixinaya Linux distro kaas oo u wanaagsan kuwa bilowga ah. Manjaro waxa kale oo uu leeyahay taageero qalabeed aad u fiican iyo galaangal toos ah oo uu ku galo kaydka software-ka, marka lagu daro kaydka Manjaro u^(Arch) gaar ah. Manjaro sidoo kale waxay helaysaa cusboonaysiinta isla marka kooxda Manjaro ay tijaabin karto. Halka ay tahay inaad sugto siideymaha waaweyn ee la qorsheeyay marka ay timaado distros weyn sida Ubuntu .

CentOS

Dad badan ayaa ku hoos jira fikradda ah in Linux had iyo jeer xor yahay, laakiin runtu waxay tahay in u socodsiinta Linux ee xirfadleyda, ujeedooyinka muhiimka ah waxay ku kacaysaa lacag. Waxaa laga yaabaa inaadan si toos ah u bixin lacagta software-ka, laakiin waxaad u baahan tahay taageero lacag ah. Taasi waa qaabka shatiga ee Red Hat Enterprise Linux , kaas oo inta badan ah nidaamka hawlgalka ee maamula server-yada ururada waaweyn. 

CentOS waa wareegga bulshada ee bilaashka ah ee shirkadda Koofiyada Cas^{(Red Hat Enterprise)} , sidaas darteedna waxay la jaan qaadaysaa baakadaha softiweerka ah ee si gaar ah loogu talagalay ganacsigaas. Maadaama xasiloonida iyo isku halaynta ay yihiin yoolalka ugu muhiimsan ee CentOS , kama heli doontid muuqaalada iyo cusboonaysiinta nidaamka hawlgalka. Cusbooneysiinta ayaa kaliya hoos ugu dhaadhacaya CentOS marka loo arko inay si ku filan u yihiin kuwo aan cillad lahayn oo aanay khataro amni keenin. 

Siideynta kasta ee CentOS waxay leedahay wareeg taageero oo soconaya toban sano, taas oo ka dhigaysa doorasho aad u fiican haddii aad rabto inaad maamusho serverkaaga. Si kastaba ha noqotee, kuwa raadinaya nidaamka hawlgalka desktop ayaa ugu fiican inay meelo kale ka raadiyaan. Maadaama CentOS ay aad u liidato sidii desktop OS.

Dabo^(Tails)

Dabadu^(Tails) waa nooc gaar ah oo Linux ah kaas oo aan loogu talagalin inuu u dhaqmo sidii nidaamka hawlgalka joogtada ah ee kombiyuutarka. Taa baddalkeeda, Tails waa nidaam hawleed la qaadan karo oo aad ku rakibi karto kombuyuutar kasta oo ka soo galaya dibadda.

"Dabo" waa erey la soo gaabiyey oo loo soo gaabiyo Amnesiac Incognito System Live^{(The Amnesiac Incognito Live System)} . Taasi waxay si qurux badan kuu sheegaysaa wax kasta oo aad u baahan tahay inaad ogaato. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, si ay u caddaato, kani waa nooca gaarka ah ee Linux kaas oo aad caan uga ah saxafiyiinta, dhaqdhaqaaqayaasha iyo dadka kale ee raba inay si qarsoodi ah u isticmaalaan internetka. 

Dabadu^(Tails) wax raad ah kuma reebto kumbiyuutarka lagu isticmaalo. Markaad dib u kiciso mishiinka, waxay la mid tahay inaadan waligaa meesha joogin. Sidoo kale^(Likewise) , mar kasta oo aad boot up Tails , waxa ay dib u habaynteeda default warshad. Waxa kale oo ay isku xidhaa browserka Tor , iyada oo hubinaysa in aanad faraha kaga tagin kombayutarka su'aasha, laakiin sidoo kale aad ka qariso aqoonsigaaga dhabta ah goobaha aad booqato.

Dabadu maaha inay noqoto darawal maalinle ah, laakiin waa Linux distro oo ay tahay inay qayb ka noqoto qalabkaaga. Way fiicantahay in la haysto oo aan loo baahnayn inta kale.

Linux Waa Goobo Tagaya

Iyadoo Linux ay wali leedahay qayb yar oo ka mid ah suuqa miiska si ay ugu yeerto keeda, Open Source OS meelna ma soconeyso. Waxaan aragnaa taageero aad iyo aad u badan oo ka imanaysa horumariyeyaasha iyo isbeddellada waaweyn ee daruuraha. Markaa xilligii desktop Linux ayaa laga yaabaa inuu hadda bilaabo inuu galo da'diisa dahabiga ah.

Haddii, ka dib markaad dib u eegto kuwan sare ee Linux distros, waxaad weli ku jirtaa xayndaabka ku saabsan ka beddelashada Windows ilaa Linux , fiiri 5 Sababaha Weyn ee Ditch Windows ee Linux^{(5 Great Reasons to Ditch Windows for Linux)} . Haddii kale, haddii horeba laguu iibiyay Linux laakiin aad ka walwalsan tahay waxa software jira, fiiri 20ka ugu Wanaagsan ee Linux Apps Ever^{(The 20 Best Linux Apps Ever)} . Haddii aad ka fiirsaneyso Linux sababtoo ah waxaad dooneysaa inaad noqoto H4XX0R qabow , ka dibna naftaada u jihji 9-ka ugu wanaagsan Linux Distros ee jabsiga^{(9 Best Linux Distros For Hacking)} . Haddii aad kaliya rabto inaad ciyaarto ciyaaraha, markaa joogsigaaga xiga waa inuu noqdaa Waa maxay Distro Linux ugu Wanaagsan Ciyaaraha?^{(What Is The Best Linux Distro For Gaming?)} 

Ugu dambeyntii, haddii aad weli ka welwelsan tahay in Linux uu adiga kugu adag yahay, fiiri Horudhac Linux ee Bilawga^{(An Introduction to Linux for Beginners)} iyo Bilowga Ubuntu Linux Guide^{(A Beginner’s Ubuntu Linux Guide)} . Linux ma aha in laga cabsado! Marka aad qaadato dhaqankeeda qalafsan iyo falsafadeeda, waxa hubaal ah (ugu yaraan) inaad balaadhiso aragtidaada isticmaale kombuyuutar ahaan.

The 5 Top Linux Distros You Should Be Using

Linux isn’t one unified operating system. Instead, you can get various distributions or “diѕtros” customized fоr vаrious purposes. 

Every version of Linux uses the same core. That is, the Linux “kernel”. But these Linux versions can differ in every other respect. That includes what they look like, what features are included and which software packages come preinstalled. 

The following are the top Linux distros we think most people should try.

Ubuntu

[Ubuntu Desktop]

Possibly the best-known mainstream version of Linux, Ubuntu Linux is laser-focused on competing with Windows 10 and macOS as desktop operating systems. We often recommend Ubuntu as the go-to Linux distro to try if you’re looking for a more-or-less drop-in replacement  for those two market leaders. Many people consider it to be the top Linux distro.

Ubuntu also gets most of the third-party software support compared to other Linux distros. If there’s a Linux version of a commercial software package, you can be sure it will at least have been tested with Ubuntu.

If you’re any sort of gamer, Ubuntu also offers the best experience. Steam has done a lot of work to offer Linux versions of games, or make Windows versions work on Linux through its SteamPlay initiative. This isn’t impossible to do on other distros, but the development has centered on Ubuntu and it seems the least headaches are found there.

Ubuntu also has some of the best support of any desktop Linux distro. It’s backed by a dedicated organization named Canonical and doesn’t rely solely on the kindness of the community to remain updated.

Mint

Apart from Ubuntu, Linux Mint might be a name you hear almost as often. While it doesn’t have the support of a large institution like Canonical, many users find they prefer the Mint experience. Mint is lighter on system resources, making it a good choice for older computers or netbook-class laptops.

It’s a little more minimalist than Ubuntu and, depending on how you look at it, more streamlined as a result. Mint also has a few features that make it a little safer for beginners. For example, the software repositories can be reset back to their default states.

Mint also includes a number of applications and features out of the box that have to be installed as additional extras on Ubuntu. You can also easily add proprietary additions such as codecs directly from the software repositories. This is a friendlier approach for novice users.

Finally Cinnamon, which is one of the main interface options for Mint, offers a smoother transition for users coming from the Windows interface. Which is why Mint is so commonly recommended for those dipping their toes in Linux for the first time.

Manjaro

Thanks to how popular and successful Ubuntu has been, many smaller distros are based on the vanilla version of Ubuntu. Manjaro, on the other hand, is based on the well respected Arch Linux. Arch is built around the idea of total customization, so it has a pretty involved installation process, but for Linux gurus it’s one of the top Linux distros.

Manjaro takes what’s good about Arch and tries to keep it while offering a Linux distro that’s good for beginners. Manjaro also has excellent hardware support and direct access to the Arch software repository, in addition to Manjaro’s own repository. Manjaro also gets updates as soon as the Manjaro team can test them. Whereas you’ll have to wait for the major scheduled releases when it comes to big distros like Ubuntu.

CentOS

Many people are under the impression that Linux is always free, but the truth is that running Linux for professional, mission-critical purposes costs money. You may not have to pay for the software directly, but you need paid support. That’s the licence model of Red Hat Enterprise Linux, which is often the operating system running the servers of large organizations. 

CentOS is the free community spinoff of Red Hat Enterprise and is therefore compatible with any software packages designed specifically for that commercial distro. Since stability and reliability are the main goals of CentOS, you won’t find the latest features and updates in the operating system. Updates only filter down to CentOS when they are seen as sufficiently bug-free and don’t pose security risks. 

Each release of CentOS has a support cycle lasting ten years, which makes it an excellent choice if you want to run your own server. However, those looking for a desktop operating system are best off looking elsewhere. Since CentOS is rather weak as a desktop OS.

Tails

Tails is a very special version of Linux that isn’t meant to act as the main, permanent operating system of a computer. Instead, Tails is a portable operating system that you can boot just about any computer into from an external drive.

“Tails” is an acronym which is short for The Amnesiac Incognito Live System. That tells you pretty much everything you need to know. Still, to be clear, this is a privacy focused version of Linux that’s very popular among journalists, activists and other people who want to make use of the internet anonymously. 

Tails leaves no traces on whichever computer it’s used on. Once you’ve rebooted the machine, it’s like you were never there. Likewise, every time you boot up Tails, it’s reset to its factory default settings. It also integrates the Tor browser, ensuring that not only do you not leave fingerprints on the computer in question, but you also hide your true identity from the sites you visit.

Tails is not meant to be a daily driver, but it’s a Linux distro that should be part of your toolkit. It’s better to have it and not need it than the reverse.

Linux Is Going Places

While Linux still has a tiny share of the desktop market to call its own, the versatile Open Source OS isn’t going anywhere. We’re seeing more and more support from developers and big shifts to the cloud. So the era of desktop Linux may only now start to enter its golden age.

If, after reviewing these top Linux distros, you’re still on the fence about switching from Windows to Linux, check out 5 Great Reasons to Ditch Windows for Linux. Alternatively, if you’re already sold on Linux but are worried about what software is available, have a look at The 20 Best Linux Apps Ever. If you’re considering Linux because you want to be a cool H4XX0R, then redirect yourself to the 9 Best Linux Distros For Hacking. If you just want to play games, then your next stop should be What Is The Best Linux Distro For Gaming? 

Finally, if you still worry that Linux is just too complicated for you, take a look at An Introduction to Linux for Beginners and A Beginner’s Ubuntu Linux Guide. Linux is not to be feared! Once you embrace its quirky culture and philosophy, you’re sure to (at the very least) expand your horizons as a computer user.

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