Haddii aad waligaa isticmaashay Linux ama aad taqaan qof isticmaala Linux , markaa waxaad u badan tahay inaad maqashay amarka sudo. Amarka waa qayb muhiim ah oo ku saabsan qaybinta Linux kasta iyo waxa ay qabato ayaa kuu ogolaanaya inaad amar ku bixiso isticmaale kale, gaar ahaan isticmaalaha xididka. Qaybinta Linux^(Linux) qaarkood , waxaad u gali kartaa adeegsadaha xididka adoo isticmaalaya amarka su , laakiin tan waxaa loo arkaa mid aad khatar u ah qofna waligeed ma sameeyo.

Dhab ahaantii, aad ayay khatar u tahay in ay naafo ka noqoto qaybinta Linux sida Ubuntu . Taa baddalkeeda, waa inaad isticmaashaa amarka sudo haddii aad rabto inaad amar ku bixiso sida isticmaalaha xididka. Haddaba maxaa ku saabsan Windows ? Hagaag^(Well) , nasiib daro, dadka intooda badan waxay galaan Windows sida Maamulayaasha^{(Administrators)} , taas oo la mid ah isticmaalaha xididka Linux . Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Microsoft waxay isku dayday inay yarayso saamaynta khatarta ah ee lagu galo Maamule ahaan iyada oo awood u siinaysa Koontaroolka Isticmaalaha^{(User Account Control)}  ama UAC .

Habkaas, xitaa haddii isticmaaluhu uu leeyahay mudnaanta maamul, codsiyada ku socda akoonkaas ma dhaxli doonaan mudnaantaas ilaa uu gacantiisa u oggolaado isticmaaluhu. Tani waxay kaa caawinaysaa ka hortagga malware-ka iyo spyware si ay u faafiyaan isticmaalaha Windows kaas oo u soo galay ^(Windows)maamule^{(Administrator)} ahaan .

Marka inta isticmaalayaasha Linux ay haystaan ​​amarka sudo, maxay isticmaalayaasha Windows haystaan? Ma^(Are) jiraan habab kale oo ay isticmaalayaasha Windows isticmaali karaan si ay ugu socodsiiyaan amarrada leh mudnaanta sare? Ma jiraa amar sudo ah oo loogu talagalay Windows ? Maqaalkan, waxaan kaga hadli doonaa shan siyaabood oo lagu beddeli karo amarka sudo ee isticmaalayaasha Windows .

Fiiro gaar ah: Qalabyadan qaarkood hadda aad bay da' u noqdeen, markaa waxaa laga yaabaa inay la shaqeeyaan Windows-yada noocyadii ugu dambeeyay amaba. ^{(Note: Some of these tools are quite old now, so they may or may not work with the latest versions of Windows. )}

Windows Runas Command

Windows waxay leedahay amarka runas , kaas oo ah dhiggiisa tooska ah ee sudo ee Linux . Adigoo isticmaalaya amarka runas, waxaad fulin kartaa qoraal, barnaamij ama amar isticmaale kale ama maamule ahaan. Ereyga buuxa ee amarka runas waa:

runas [{/profile|/noprofile}] [/env] [/netonly] [/smartcard] [/showtrustlevels] [/trustlevel] /user:UserAccountName program

Haddii aad rabto inaad furto degdega amarka maamulka, waxaad ku qori kartaa kuwa soo socda:

runas /noprofile /user:Administrator cmd

/noprofile ma rari doono astaanta isticmaalaha hadda. Waad ka saari kartaa taas haddii aad u baahan tahay inaad gasho doorsoomayaasha deegaanka isticmaalaha. Haddii aad rabto inaad furto faylka qoraalka adoo isticmaalaya Notepad oo leh mudnaanta maamulaha, waxaad isticmaali kartaa amarkan:

runas /user:Administrator "notepad my_file.txt"

Waxaad ka hubin kartaa bogga Technet^{(Technet page)} ee runas si aad u hesho macluumaad dheeraad ah oo ku saabsan sida loo isticmaalo.

Ogsoonow marka aad isticmaalayso amarka runas, haddii aad ku rakibto barnaamij ama aad isbedel ku sameyso Settings, iwm., isbeddelada waxaa lagu sameyn doonaa akoonka isticmaalaha ee aad ku socoto amarka. Tusaale ahaan, aan nidhaahno waxaad haysataa isticmaalaha X oo ah isticmaale caadi ah iyo isticmaale Y, kaas oo ah maamule. Haddii aad gasho X oo aad sameyso runas adoo isticmaalaya shahaadooyinka maamulaha^{(Administrator)} , isbedel ayaa lagu samayn doonaa goobaha maamulaha^{(Administrator)} , ee maaha isticmaale X.

Markaa haddii aad ku rakibto arjiga adigoo midig-gujinaya faylka EXE oo dooranaya Orod^(Run) sida Maamule^{(Administrator)} , waxa lagu rakibi doonaa profile-ka isticmaalaha maamulaha^{(Administrator)} ee ku dhex jira , ee maaha midka aad gashay. Haddii aad rabto mudnaan sare oo run ah sida sudo oo aan lahayn arrimaha astaanta guud, eeg beddelka xiga ee hoose.

Sudo ee Daaqadaha - Sourceforge

Sudo for Windows waa barnaamij bilaash ah oo aad ku rakibi karto kaas oo ku siin doona khibrad la mid ah amarka sudo ee Linux ee Windows . Farqiga kaliya ayaa ah in Sudo ee Windows "ay ilaaliso astaanta isticmaalaha iyo lahaanshaha walxaha la abuuray"^{(“preserves the user’s profile and ownership of created objects”)} sida uu sheegay horumariyaha. Tani runtii waa mid anfacaya haddii aad jeceshahay inaad u isticmaasho rukhsad sare si aad u rakibto abka ama aad isbeddel ugu samayso meelaha isticmaalaha sida Documents-kayga^{(My Documents)} , iwm.

Waxay ku siin doontaa mudnaanta maamulka, laakiin waxay ilaalin doontaa dhammaan isbeddellada profile-ka hadda jira halkii ay ka ahaan lahayd koontada aad u isticmaalayso inaad ku maamusho amarka. Barnaamijku wuxuu u baahan yahay .NET version 2.0, kaas oo aadan si gaar ah u soo dejisan karin. Si aad u hesho 2.0, waa inaad ku rakibtaa .NET Framework 3.5 , oo ay ku jiraan 2.0.

Markaad ku rakibto Sudo for Windows , waxaad u baahan tahay inaad ku darto xisaabaadka isticmaalaha si aad u oggolaato in aad mudnaanta sare yeelato koox gaar ah oo uu abuuray barnaamijka loo yaqaan S udoers . Midig ku dhufo Computerkayga^{(My Computer)} ama PC-gan oo guji Maamul^(Manage) . Kadibna balaadhi Isticmaalayaasha iyo Kooxaha^{(Users and Groups)} oo guji Groups . Waa inaad aragto mid la yiraahdo Sudoers .

Laba jeer guji Sudoers oo guji badhanka Add .

Wadahadalka xiga, dhagsii badhanka Sare^(Advanced) ka dibna dhagsii hadda Find^{(Find Now)} . Tani waxay liis gareyn doontaa dhammaan isticmaalayaasha iyo kooxaha nidaamka. Laba-guji^{(Double-click)} isticmaalaha aad rabto inaad ku darto.

Ku soo celi tallaabadan si kasto isticmaaleyaal badan oo aad rabto inaad ku darto. Kadib guji OK oo waa inaad aragto xubnaha ku qoran liiska xubnaha ee kor^(Members) ku xusan. Guji OK^{(Click OK)} oo hadda waa inaad awoodid inaad isticmaasho sudo GUI iyo amarka. Haddii aad midig-gujiso barnaamijka, waxaad arki doontaa ikhtiyaarka Sudo .

Waxa kale oo aad furi kartaa amarka degdega ah oo ku qor sudo si aad u socodsiiso amarka ogolaanshaha sare leh.

Guud ahaan, waa quruxsan tahay oo si fiican ayay u shaqeysaa. Si kastaba ha noqotee, ogow in barnaamijkan gaarka ah uu runtii faa'iido u leeyahay bilaabista^(launching) barnaamijyada ama hababka midkoodna midig-guji ama isla markiiba amarka, laakiin looguma jeedo socodsiinta barnaamijyada khadka taliska. Tusaale ahaan, haddii aad rabto inaad samayso sudo mkdir “c:Program Files ew”, tani kuma shaqaynayso isticmaalka Sudo ee Windows . Shaqeyntaas, waxaa jira barnaamij kale oo la yiraahdo wax la mid ah, laakiin uu sameeyay horumariye kale. Hoos ka akhri^(Read) .

Sudo ee Windows - Luke Sampson

Waxaa jira horumariye kale oo u qoray Sudo kale oo loogu talagalay Windows^{(Sudo for Windows)} kaas oo kuu oggolaanaya inaad fuliso barnaamijyada khadka taliska sidoo kale. Haddaba aan ku laabanno tusaalaha ku saabsan samaynta gal cusub oo ku dhex jira C: Files Program. Runtii tan ma samayn kartid si caadi ah.

Xagga sare waxaan isticmaalayaa PowerShell , laakiin waxaad heli doontaa isla qaladka adoo isticmaalaya isla markiiba. Si kastaba ha noqotee, marka aad ku rakibto Sudo for Windows , kaliya ku dar ereyga sudo xagga hore ee amarka waxayna u shaqeysaa si fiican iyada oo aan wax qalad ah lahayn!

Si aad u rakibto, waxaad u baahan tahay inaad furto PowerShell ka dibna ku qor amarrada soo socda si aad u kala horreeyaan:

iex (new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://get.scoop.sh')

set-executionpolicy unrestricted -s cu -f

scoop install sudo

Haddii wax waliba si fiican u shaqeeyaan, waa inaad ku aragtaa soo-saarka soo socda ee PowerShell ka dib amar kasta:

Waa kaas! Hadda waxaad bilaabi kartaa inaad ku qorto amarrada oo aad ku darto sudo xagga hore. Waxa kaliya ee dhibsada barnaamijkan ayaa ah in daaqada UAC ay wali soo baxayso oo aad gujiso Haa^(Yes) si uu u shaqeeyo. Xataa xanaaqaas yar, faa'iidooyinka ayaa si fiican u qalma.

Kor u qaad

Elevate waa barnaamij la shaqeeya UAC oo aan u shaqayn sida sudo oo kale. Iyadoo Elevate , waxay u bedeli doontaa isticmaalaha fulinta maamulaha^{(Administrator)} sida amarka runas sameeyo. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay faa'iido u leedahay in lagu shaqeeyo khadka taliska ama faylasha dufcada.

Ujeedada ugu weyn ee kor u qaadida maaha in la helo agagaarka UAC , laakiin in la bilaabo habsocodka xaalad sare oo ka soo jeeda qolof aan sare lahayn ka dibna u sii wad sida caadiga ah xitaa ka dib marka amarku dhammeeyo. Elevate waxay faa'iido u leedahay qorista sababtoo ah uma baahnid inaad ka walwasho inaad isku daydo inaad qorto dhammaan gujinta midigta iyo socodsiinta amar degdeg ah sida habka maamulka^{(Administrator)} .

Kor u qaadista PowerToys ee Daaqadaha

Kuwiinna shaqada badan ka qabta khadka taliska ama ku shaqeeya qoraallada iyo faylalka dufcadda, markaa Kor u qaadista PowerToys ee bogga Windows^{(Elevation PowerToys for Windows)} wuxuu leeyahay qalabyo iyo qoraallo faa'iido leh oo yar.

Qalabka kor u qaadista qoraalka ah^{(script elevation power toys)} waxaa loo sameeyay si looga gudbo dhinacyada niyad jabka leh ee UAC marka la isku dayayo in kor loo qaado barnaamijka laga bilaabo khadka taliska ama socodsiinta qoraallada maamule ahaan.

Waxaan rajeyneynaa^(Hopefully) , taasi waa qalab iyo barnaamijyo kugu filan si ay kaaga dhigaan inaad dhab ahaantii ku isticmaalayso sudo Windows . Ma jiro beddel qumman oo ku habboon, laakiin waxaa jira dhawr ikhtiyaar oo soo dhawaada. Haddii aad isticmaashid wax kale si aad kor ugu qaaddo barnaamijyada, amarrada ama qoraallada ku jira Windows , nagu ogeysii faallooyinka. Ku raaxayso!

5 Windows Alternatives to the Linux sudo Command

If you’ve ever uѕed Linux or know someone who uses Linux, then you’ve probablу heard of the sudo command. The command is a critіcal component to just abоut evеry Linux dіstribution and what it does is let you run a command as a differеnt user, most notablу the root user. On certain Linux distrіbutions, you can log in as the root user by using the su command, but this is considered highly risky and no one ever does it.

Actually, it’s so dangerous that it’s disabled by default on Linux distributions like Ubuntu. Instead, you have to use the sudo command if you want to run a command as the root user. So what about Windows? Well, unfortunately, most people are logged into Windows as Administrators, which is the same as root user in Linux. However, Microsoft has tried to lessen the dangerous effects of being logged in as an Administrator by enabling User Account Control  or UAC.

That way, even if the user has Administrative privileges, applications running under that account will not inherit those privileges unless it’s manually authorized by the user. This helps prevent malware and spyware from infecting a Windows user who is logged in as an Administrator.

So while Linux users have the sudo command, what do Windows user have? Are there alternatives that Windows users can use to run commands with elevated privileges? Is there a sudo command for Windows? In this article, I’ll talk about five alternatives to the sudo command for Windows users.

Note: Some of these tools are quite old now, so they may or may not work with the latest versions of Windows. 

Windows Runas Command

Windows has the runas command, which is the direct counterpart to sudo on Linux. Using the runas command, you can execute a script, program or command as a different user or as an administrator. The full syntax for the runas command is:

runas [{/profile|/noprofile}] [/env] [/netonly] [/smartcard] [/showtrustlevels] [/trustlevel] /user:UserAccountName program

If you wanted to open an administrative command prompt, you could type the following:

runas /noprofile /user:Administrator cmd

/noprofile will not load the current user profile. You can remove that if you need access to the user environment variables. If you wanted to open a text file using Notepad with administrator privileges, you could use this command:

runas /user:Administrator "notepad my_file.txt"

You can checkout the Technet page on runas for more information on how to use it.

Note that when using runas command, if you install a program or make changes to settings, etc., the changes will be made to the user account that you are running the command on. For example, let’s say you have user X who is a normal user and user Y, who is an administrator. If you log into X and then do a runas using the Administrator credentials, changes will be made to the Administrator’s settings, not user X.

So if you install an application by right-clicking on the EXE file and choosing Run as Administrator, it’ll get installed to the built-in Administrator user profile, not the one you are logged into. If you want true elevated privileges like sudo without the profile issues, check out the next alternative below.

Sudo for Windows – Sourceforge

Sudo for Windows is a free program you can install that will give you the same experience of the sudo command on Linux for Windows. The only difference is that Sudo for Windows “preserves the user’s profile and ownership of created objects” as stated by the developer. This is really handy if you like to use elevated permissions for installing apps or making changes to user locations like My Documents, etc.

It’ll give you Administrative privileges, but will keep all the changes in the current profile instead of the account you’re using to run the command with. The program requires .NET version 2.0, which you can’t download individually. In order to get 2.0, you have to install .NET Framework 3.5, which include 2.0.

Once you install Sudo for Windows, you need to add the user accounts that you to allow to have elevated privileges to a specific group created by the program called Sudoers. Right-click on My Computer or This PC and click on Manage. Then expand Users and Groups and click on Groups. You should see one called Sudoers.

Double-click on Sudoers and click on the Add button.

On the next dialog, click the Advanced button and then click Find Now. This will list out all users and groups on the system. Double-click the user you want to add.

Repeat this step for however many users you want to add. Then click OK and you should see the members listed in the Members listbox shown above. Click OK and now you should be able to use the sudo GUI and command. If you right-click on a program, you’ll see the Sudo option.

You can also open a command prompt and type sudo to run command with elevated permissions.

Overall, it’s pretty nifty and works very well.  However, note that this particular program is really useful for launching programs or processes either via right-click or via the command prompt, but it’s not meant for running command line apps. For example, if you wanted to do sudo mkdir “c:\Program Files\new”, this won’t work using Sudo for Windows. For that functionality, there is another program called the same thing, but by a different developer. Read below.

Sudo for Windows – Luke Sampson

There’s another developer who wrote another Sudo for Windows that lets you execute command line apps too. So let’s go back to the example about creating a new folder in C:\Program Files. You can’t really do this by default.

Above I’m using PowerShell, but you’ll get the same error using the command prompt also. However, once you install Sudo for Windows, just add the word sudo to the front of the command and it works perfectly with no errors!

To install it, you need to open PowerShell and then type in the following commands in order:

iex (new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://get.scoop.sh')

set-executionpolicy unrestricted -s cu -f

scoop install sudo

If everything works OK, you should see the following output in PowerShell after each command:

That’s it! Now you can start typing in commands and adding sudo in front. The only annoying thing about this program is that the UAC window still pops up and you have click Yes for it to work. Even with that slight annoyance, the benefits are well worth it.

Elevate

Elevate is a program that works with UAC and doesn’t work exactly like sudo. With Elevate, it will change the executing user to Administrator like the runas command does. However, it’s useful for working in the command line or with batch files.

The main purpose of elevate is not to get around UAC, but to start a process in an elevated state from a non-elevated shell and then continuing on as normal even after the command has completed. Elevate is useful for scripting because you don’t have to worry about trying to script the whole right-clicking and running a command prompt as Administrator process.

Elevation PowerToys for Windows

For those of you who do a lot of work on the command line or work with scripts and batch files, then the Elevation PowerToys for Windows page has quite a few useful tools and scripts.

The script elevation power toys were created to overcome the frustrating aspects of UAC when trying to elevate a program from the command line or running scripts as administrators.

Hopefully, that’s enough tools and programs for you to make you feel like you’re actually using sudo on Windows. There’s no perfect replacement for it, but there are quite a few options that come close. If you use something else to elevate programs, commands or scripts in Windows, let us know in the comments. Enjoy!

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