Linux waxa ay la socotaa qalab badan oo ku dhex jira oo lagu maamulayo laguna hagaajinayo nidaamkaaga. Haddii aad ku cusub tahay Linux^{(new to Linux)} ama aad dhawaan ka beddeshay Windows , waxaad u baahan tahay inaad barato dhowr amarro si aad uga faa'iidaysato. Linux inta badan waxa ay caan ku tahay in ay noqoto nidaamka hawlgalka halkaas oo isticmaaluhu ama maamuluhu uu si buuxda u maamulo. Haddii^(Whether) aad isticmaasho Ubuntu, Mint , Debian , ama qaybinta Linux^{(Linux distribution)} kasta , waxaad wax kasta ku samayn kartaa amarrada saxda ah iyo qalabka.

Maqaalkan, waxaan diirada saari doonaa sida loo hubiyo isticmaalka xusuusta Linux sababtoo ah tani waa xirfad muhiim ah oo la leeyahay. Mararka qaarkood^(Sometimes) apps waxay bilaabi doonaan hogging dhammaan xusuusta nidaamka oo waxaad u baahan doontaa inaad ogaato tillaabooyinka cilad-raadinta aad u baahan tahay si aad u hesho arrinta. Markaa waa kuwan aaladaha khadka-talinta ugu fiican si loo hubiyo adeegsiga xusuusta nidaamkaaga Linux .

1. Taliska "sare".

Qalabka sare ee talisku wuxuu ku siin doonaa soo koobida dhammaan hababka socda. Kooban waxaa ku jira macluumaadka waqtiga-dhabta ah ee isticmaalka xusuusta, si aad sidoo kale u isticmaali karto sida app la socodka. Waxaad arki kartaa inta ay le'eg tahay xusuusta nidaamkaaga guud ahaan loo isticmaalo ka dibna waxaad mari kartaa liiska hababka si aad u hubiso inta ay le'eg tahay xusuustaas loo isticmaalo hawl kasta.

Si aad u socodsiiso qalabkan, si fudud ku qor taliska sare:

$ top

Amarka ugu sarreeya wuxuu ku tusayaa wadarta nidaamkaaga Linux wadartiisa iyo tirada bilaashka ah ee xusuusta iyo sidoo kale xusuusta jireed iyo isdhaafsiga la isticmaalo. Tiirka ugu muhiimsan, kiiskan, waa % MEM sababtoo ah waxay kuu sheegaysaa inta ay le'eg tahay xusuusta jirka ee habka kasta loo isticmaalo. Markaa waxaad garan kartaa app rogue ee cunaya xusuusta badan oo dila.

Sidoo kale, waxaad isticmaali kartaa qalabka ugu sarreeya ee taliska si aad u hubiso isticmaalka CPU . Kaliya^(Just) hubi khaanadda % CPU si aad u aragto inta ay le'eg tahay awoodda habaynta ee uu isticmaalo abka kasta.

2. Taliska "free" ah

Haddii dhammaan aad u baahan tahay inaad wax ka barato isticmaalka xusuusta nidaamkaaga waa xaddiga xusuusta bilaashka ah iyo kuwa la isticmaalay, uma baahnid runtii amarka sare. Amarka xorta ah ayaa ku filnaan doona. Ku qor bilaash^(free) terminalka oo isla markiiba baro inta ay le'eg tahay xusuusta jireed iyo isdhaafsiga ee bilaashka ah ama la isticmaalo. Isla mar ahaantaana, waxaad heleysaa macluumaadka ku saabsan kaydka uu kernel-ku isticmaalo.

Maskaxda ku hay in macluumaadka isticmaalka xusuusta aanu muuqan wakhtiga dhabta ah. Waxaad isticmaali kartaa khadka taliska ee bilaashka ah si aad ula socoto isticmaalka xusuusta. Asal ahaan, kani waa sawir-qaadasho kuu sheegaya inta ay le'eg tahay xusuusta xorta ah ama la isticmaalay markii aad ku qorto amarka. Isticmaal amarka ugu sarreeya haddii aad rabto inaad la socoto isticmaalka xusuusta ama aad barato inta ay le'eg tahay xusuusta hawl kastaa isticmaasho.

3. Taliska "htop".

Amarka htop asal ahaan waa aaladda taliska ugu sareysa oo leh bay'ad si sahlan loo akhriyi karo iyo kontaroolada isticmaale-saaxiibtinimo. Waxay soo saartaa isticmaalka RAM waqtiga-dhabta ah, waxay ku siinaysaa liiska dhammaan hababka socodsiinta, waxayna ku siinaysaa jid-gaaban si aad u maamusho hababka. Markaad aragto habka cunaya RAM aad u badan , waxaad riixi kartaa furaha gaaban si aad u disho halkii aad isticmaali lahayd amarrada Bash .

Si aad u isticmaasho amarka htop, waxaad u baahan tahay inaad ku qorto htop^(htop) goobta. Taasi waxay tidhi, waxaa laga yaabaa inaad qalad gasho haddii qaybinta Linux -kaagu aysan la imaan qalabkan si caadi ah. Xaaladdaas, ku qor amarka soo socda si aad u rakibto:

$ sudo apt-get install htop

4. Taliska "vmstat".

Amarka vmstat wuxuu muujin doonaa warbixinta tirakoobka xusuusta dalwaddii. Amarka ayaa ku siin doona macluumaad ka badan inta aad u baahan tahay, laakiin haddii aad qorsheyneyso inaad noqoto maamulaha nidaamka Linux , waa inaad ogaataa. Warbixinta waxaa ku jira macluumaadka soo socda:

• Tirada habraacyada (procs) habkaas ee wakhtiga socodsiinta
• Qadarka xusuusta la beddelo, xusuusta xorta ah, kaydinta, iyo kaydiyeyaasha.
• Baloogyada la helay oo loo diray aaladda xannibaadda (IO).
• Waqtiyada CPU^(CPU) (wakhtiga isticmaalaha, wakhtiga nidaamka, wakhtiga aan shaqayn).

Ku qor vmstat gudaha terminaalka si aad u hesho warbixinta tirakoobka xusuusta dalwaddii.

5. Hubi "proc/meminfo" File

Waxaa laga yaabaa inaad la yaabban tahay meesha nidaamkaaga Linux ka helo dhammaan warbixinnadan iyo macluumaadka ku saabsan isticmaalka RAM . Hagaag^(Well) , aad u badan dhammaan aaladaha khadka taliska ee aad isticmaashay ilaa hadda waxay leeyihiin ilo isku mid ah: faylka farsamada ee proc/meminfo. Haddii aad rabto inaad si toos ah u tagto isha oo aad hesho dhammaan macluumaadka isticmaalka xusuusta ee aad rabto, waxaad si fudud u geli kartaa faylka adoo ku qoraya amarka soo socda:

less /proc/meminfo

Warbixintu aad bay u dheer tahay, markaa waa inaad isticmaashaa amarka yar^(less) si aad u hesho xoogaa kontorool ah oo aad si dhakhso leh uga dhex sawirto soo saarista xogta aad u baahan tahay. Taasi waxay tidhi, warbixintan faahfaahsan waxay ka kooban tahay macluumaad badan oo laga yaabo inaadan u baahnayn. Haddaba waa kuwan qiyamka ugu muhiimsan ee ay tahay inaad diiradda saarto:

• MemTotal
• MemFree
• MemAvailable
• Buffers
• kaydsan
• Isku-beddelashada
• Isku-beddelka
• Beddelka Xorta ah

6. Isticmaal GUI

Nadiifiyeyaasha Linux^(Linux) waxaa laga yaabaa inay ka soo horjeedaan isticmaalka GUI ee qalabka khadka taliska, laakiin haysashada muuqaal muuqaal ah isticmaalka RAM waa wax weyn. Waxaad heli kartaa dhammaan macluumaadka aad u baahan tahay oo aad la socon kartaa isticmaalka xusuusta nidaamkaaga wakhtiga dhabta ah adiga oo isticmaalaya abka Linux System Monitor .

Si aad u isticmaashid app-ka, ku qor "System Monitor" ee bar raadinta bilawga ah oo taabo Gelida^(Enter) . Kormeeraha Nidaamku^{(System Monitor)} waxa uu leeyahay laba tab oo aanu xiisayno: Geedi socodka^(Processes) iyo agabka^(Resources) tabs.

Tabaha Nidaamyada^(Processes) , waxaad ku arki kartaa dhammaan hababka hadda ku shaqeeya nidaamkaaga Linux . Waxaad akhrin kartaa isticmaalka xusuusta, isticmaalka CPU , iyo xogta kale ee nidaam kasta oo gaar ah. Tani waa meesha aad ka baran karto haddii mid ka mid ah apps-ka uu xumaaday oo uu u isticmaalayo RAM aad u badan . Kadibna waxaad ku dili kartaa nidaamka isla daaqada adiga oo midig-gujinaya oo dooranaya ikhtiyaarka dilka.

Taasi waxay tidhi, haddii waxa kaliya ee aad u baahan tahay ay tahay inaad barato sida xusuusta nidaamkaaga iyo CPU ay u dhaqmayeen, waa inaad ka hubisaa sawir-qaadaha garaafyada ee tab Khayraadka .^(Resources)

Halkan waxaad ku arki kartaa CPU , RAM , iyo taariikhda shabakada sida garaaf ahaan. Tani waxay ka dhigan tahay inaad hesho xog taariikhi ah oo ku saabsan isticmaalka xusuusta nidaamkaaga muddo cayiman oo waxaad sidoo kale la socon kartaa isticmaalkaas wakhtiga dhabta ah. 

Sideed u door bidaysaa inaad ka hubiso isticmaalka xusuusta nidaamkaaga Linux ? Ma taqaanaa amarro iyo qalab kale oo heli kara xog qiimo badan oo lagu falanqaynayo? Noogu sheeg faallooyinka hoose!

6 Easy Ways to Check Memory Usage on Linux

Linυx comes with a lot of built-in tools for administering and optimizing your system. If you’re new to Linux or just recently made the switch from Windows, you need to learn a number of commands to get the most from it. Linux is mostly famous for being an operating system where the user or administrator has full control. Whether you use Ubuntu, Mint, Debian, or any other Linux distribution, you can do anything with the right commands and tools.

In this article, we’re going to focus on how to check memory usage on Linux because this is an important skill to have. Sometimes apps will start hogging all the system memory and you’ll need to know the troubleshooting steps you need to take to find the issue. So here are the best command-line tools to check memory usage on your Linux system.

1. The “top” Command

The top command-line tool will give you a summary of all the running processes. This summary includes real-time information on memory usage, so you can use it as a monitoring app as well. You can see how much of your system memory is used in total and then you can go through the list of processes to check how much of that memory is used by every process.

To run this tool, simply type the top command:

$ top

The top command shows you your Linux system’s total and free amount of memory as well as the used physical and swap memory. The most important column, in this case, is %MEM because it tells you how much physical memory each process used. Then you can identify the rogue app that’s eating too much memory and kill it.

Also, you can use the top command-line tool to check the CPU usage. Just check the %CPU column to see how much processing power is used by each app.

2. The “free” Command

If all you need to learn about your system’s memory usage is the amount of free and used memory, you don’t really need the top command. The free command will be enough. Type free in the terminal and instantly learn how much physical and swap memory is free or used. At the same time, you get information about the buffers that the kernel uses.

Keep in mind that the memory usage information doesn’t appear in real-time. You can use the free command line to monitor memory usage. Essentially, this is a screenshot that tells you how much memory was free or used when you typed the command. Use the top command if you want to monitor memory usage or to learn how much memory each process uses.

3. The “htop” Command

The htop command is basically the top command tool with an easier-to-read environment and user-friendly controls. It outputs RAM usage in real-time, gives you a list of all the running processes, and it gives you shortcuts to commands that control the processes. Once you see the process that eats up too much RAM, you can press the shortcut key to kill it instead of using Bash commands.

To use the htop command, you need to type htop in the terminal. That said, you might get an error if your Linux distribution doesn’t come with this tool by default. In that case, type the following command to install it:

$ sudo apt-get install htop

4. The “vmstat” Command

The vmstat command will display the virtual memory statistics report. The command will give you more information than you probably need, but if you’re planning to become a Linux system admin, you should know it. The report includes the following information:

• The number of processes (procs) that way for run time.
• The amount of swapped memory, free memory, cache, and buffers.
• Blocks received and sent to a block device (IO).
• CPU times (user time, system time, idle time).

Type vmstat in the terminal to get the virtual memory statistics report.

5. Check the “proc/meminfo” File

You’re probably wondering where your Linux system gets all these reports and information on RAM usage. Well, pretty much all of the command line tools you used so far have the same source: the proc/meminfo virtual file. If you want to go directly to the source and get all the memory usage information you want, you can easily access the file by typing the following command:

less /proc/meminfo

The report is quite long, so you should use the less command to get some navigation control to quickly scan through the output for the data you need. That said, this detailed report contains a lot of information you probably don’t need. So here are the most important values you should focus on:

• MemTotal
• MemFree
• MemAvailable
• Buffers
• Cached
• SwapCached
• SwapTotal
• SwapFree

6. Use the GUI

Linux purists might be against using the GUI over command line tools, but having a visual representation of RAM usage is great. You can get all the information you need and monitor your system’s memory usage in real-time by using the Linux System Monitor app.

To use the app, type “System Monitor” in the start menu’s search bar and press Enter. The System Monitor has two tabs we’re interested in: the Processes and Resources tabs.

In the Processes tab, you can see all the processes that are currently running on your Linux operating system. You can read memory usage, CPU usage, and other data for each individual process. This is where you can learn if one of the apps has gone rogue and is using way too much RAM. Then you can kill the process from the same window by right-clicking on it and selecting the kill option.

That said, if all you need is to learn how your system memory and CPU have been behaving, you should check out the graphical visualization in the Resources tab.

Here you can see the CPU, RAM, and network history as a graph. This means you get historical data on your system’s memory usage over a certain period of time and you can also monitor that usage in real-time. 

How do you prefer to check memory usage on your Linux operating system? Do you know other commands and tools that can get more valuable data for analysis? Let us know in the comments below!

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