Qarsoodidu waa mawduuc aad u kulul, daalacashadayada shabakadu waxay udub dhexaad u yihiin inta badan dagaalada qarsoodiga ah. Biraawsarkii ugu horreeyay ee bilaabay habka gaarka ah wuxuu ahaa Safari ee Mac OS , 2005. Tan iyo markaas, dhammaan daalacashada waaweyn ee shabakada waxay soo saareen hab "browsing gaar ah". Qarsoodida uu bixiyo browser kastaa waxa ay leedahay kala duwanaansho la taaban karo, dhamaantoodna waxa ay ka gaabiyaan filashadayada waxa ay ka dhigan tahay in si gaar ah loo baadho shabakada. Maqaalkan ra'yiga ah, waxaan rabnaa inaan u doodno liiska sifooyinka kordhin kara, siyaabo macno leh, fikradda raadinta gaarka ah. Waa kuwan waxa aan rabno in dhammaan daalacayaasha shabakadu ay ku bixiyaan, qaababkooda wax baarista gaarka ah:

1. VPN waa in la heli karo oo daaran, si gaar ah wax loogu baadho

VPN waxa ay asal ahaan ka soo jeedaan hab-maamuuskii 1996 ee la magac baxay PPTP (ama Bartakoolka tunnelka ee Point-to-point^{(Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol)} ), oo waxa uu noqday halbeeg la dejiyay oo amniga iyo sirnimada ah. VPN waxay sireysaa taraafikadaada intarneedka taasoo ka dhigan in marka adeeg bixiyahaaga internetka ama qof kasta oo kale isku dayo inuu la socdo dhaqdhaqaaqaaga, ma fahmi doonaan xogta dhex marta xiriirka VPN . browserka kaliya ee caanka ah ee ka hirgaliya VPN qaabkiisa gaarka ah waa Opera . Markaad furto daaqad gaar ah browserka Opera , waxaad haysataa badhanka VPN oo aad gujin karto si aad u bilowdo fadhiga VPN .

Xakamaynta Opera ayaa ah in adeega aan si toos ah loo bilaabin marka la isticmaalayo daalacashada gaarka ah iyo in adeega VPN aanu ahayn mid la habeyn karo. Waxaan jeclaan lahayn dhammaan daalacashada mareegaha ugu waaweyn inay:

• La wadaag^(Partner) bixiye VPN la aamini karo oo u bixi VPN si caadi ah, oo ku jira qaababkooda wax baadhista ee gaarka ah. Waa OK inay waydiiyaan lacag, oo ay bixiyaan adeeg VPN oo heersare ah.
• Adeegga VPN waa inuu si toos ah u bilaabo marka aad gasho daalacashada gaarka ah.
• Waa inaad awood u yeelatid inaad habayn karto adeegga VPN si uu ugu shaqeeyo sida aad u baahan tahay.

Si wanaagsan ayaa loo sameeyay Opera , si ay u noqoto tusaale wanaagsan, in kasta oo ay tahay mid aan qummanayn.

2. U suurtageli mashiinka raadinta gaarka ah sida ugu-qalmitaanka

Baadhitaanka shabakada iyo adeegsiga raadinta waxay noqdeen kuwo isku xidhan. Ciwaanka ciwaanka waxa uu noqday sanduuqa raadinta intarneetka,waxana aad is arkaysaa adiga oo si toos ah goobtan uga raadinaaya mareegaha. Google waa mashiinka raadinta ugu muhiimsan ee internetka oo leh saami suuqeed^{(market share)} oo ka sarreeya 90%. Google sidoo kale waa yeyga xun marka ay timaado asturnaanta. Markaad rabto inaad si gaar ah u noqoto, waxaad doonaysaa in raadintaadu sidoo kale ahaato mid gaar ah. Biraawsarkaaga shabakadda Vivaldi^(Vivaldi) ayaa tusaale fiican u ah aaggan. Waxay kuu ogolaanaysaa inaad cadayso makiinad wax raadin oo gooni ah daaqadaha wax baadhista ee gaarka ah.

Intaa waxaa dheer, Vivaldi wuxuu dhigayaa DuckDuckGo inuu yahay mashiinka raadinta gaarka ah ee gaarka ah laga bilaabo markaad rakibto. Waxaad sidoo kale u dejin kartaa Vivaldi inuu isticmaalo makiinadaha raadinta gaarka ah, sida tusaale ahaan Qwant . Waanu jecelnahay habkan, iyo dhammaan daalacayaasha shabakadu waa inay qaataan.

3. Jooji raad-raacayaasha iyo cookies-ka daba-galka

Mid ka mid ah daldaloolada gaarka ah ayaa ah in inta lagu jiro fadhiga gaarka ah, ururinta xogtaada lama joojin. Haa, xogta waxa la daadiyaa marka aad dhammayso kulankaaga wax baadhista gaarka ah, laakiin inta ay koorsadu socoto, canaasiirta dhuuqaya, ee loo yaqaan trackers, waxay sii wadaan ururinta macluumaadka ku saabsan hawshaada.

Firefox waa tusaale aad u fiican oo ka ilaalinta raadraacayaasha. Sifadeeda waxaa markii hore la odhan jiray Ilaalinta^{(Tracking Protection)} Dabagalka , waxaana loo beddelay Mawduuca Xayiraadda^{(Content Blocking)} . Fikradda ayaa ah waxa ku jira mareegta, cookies, ama qoraallada ay ururin karaan waxaad ku samaynayso fadhi indho-indheyn gaar ah. Tilmaamaha ka- hortagga^{(Content Blocking)} waxyaabaha ku jira Firefox waxay hubisaa in ururintan aysan dhacayn marka aad isticmaasho baarista gaarka ah^{(Private Browsing)} .

suulka ^(Thumbs)Firefox ! _ Dhammaan daalacayaasha shabakadu waa in ay nuqul ka sameeyaan habkan si ay ula socdaan hababka wax baadhistooda gaarka ah.

4. Dami kordhinta si caadi ah, haddana u oggolow isticmaalayaasha inay awood u yeeshaan kuwa ay ku kalsoon yihiin

Mid ka mid ah meelaha daciifka ah ee ilaalintaaga gaarka ah ee daalacashada webka waa kordhinta (ama ku-darka). Qaar ka mid ah kordhinta ay bixiyaan horumariyeyaasha dhinac saddexaad waxay si xor ah ula socon karaan waxaad samaynayso mar walba, oo ay ku jirto inta lagu jiro daalacashada gaarka ah. Nasiib darro, daalacashadayada shabakadu, goobaha gaarka ah ee browserka si toos ah uguma fidin kordhinta isticmaaluhu rakibay. Kordhinta barowsarku waa in aanay marin u yeelan fadhiyadaada wax baadhista gaarka ah, asal ahaan. Opera mar kale waa tusaale wanaagsan.

Google Chrome iyo Microsoft Edge waxay u dhaqmaan si wanaagsan sidoo kale, waxay curyaamiyaan kordhinta si caadi ah hababka baarista khaaska ah ( Incognito iyo InPrivate ). Dembiilaha ugu weyn ee meeshan waa Firefox . Barrawsarkan ma joojiyo kordhinta ku dhex jirta baarista gaarka ah^{(Private Browsing)} , waana inuu taas sameeyaa si uu si wanaagsan u ilaaliyo isticmaaleyaasheeda.

5. Jooji soo celinta tabsiyada xiran markaad si gaar ah wax u baadhayso

Soo celinta tabsiyada xiran waa sifo waxtar leh oo ku jirta fadhiga wax baarista ee shabakada caadiga ah. Baadhitaanka gaarka ah, waxa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu jebiyo ilaalinta sirta oo lagu soo celiyo tabsiyadaada xidhan. Google Chrome , Microsoft Edge , iyo Opera waxay u dhaqmaan si sax ah iyagoo curyaaminaya soo celinta tabsiyada xiran marka la isticmaalayo wax raadinta gaarka ah.

Firefox mar kale waa dambiilaha kaliya, maadaama ay ogolaato soo celinta tabsiyada xiran, mar walba.

6. Nadiifi sabuuradda si aanay dadka kale u dhejin shaygii ugu dambeeyay ee aad nuqul ka samaysay

Isticmaalka sabuuradaha ayaa noqday dabeecad labaad marka aad la macaamilayso kombayutarada, tablet-yada, ama taleefannada casriga ah. Waxaan ku koobiyaynaa macluumaadka mar walba sabuuradda iyadoon dheg loo dhigin.

Marka aad ka shaqayso fadhiga gaarka ah ee wax baadhista, waxa aad koobi ka gali kartaa macluumaadka sabuuradda ee aad rabto in aad sir u ahaato. Kumbuyuutarka la wadaago, qof kale ayaa ku dhejin kara waxa ku jira kilibboodhka, oo jebin karaa qarsoodigaaga. Sababtan awgeed, waxaanu soo jeedinaynaa in kilib-boodhka laga saaro waxa ku jira ee lagu helay fadhi baadhis gaar ah ka dib markaad xidho daaqadaha wax baadhista gaarka ah ee aad isticmaalaysay.

7. Samee bookmarks oo had iyo jeer ku shuba daaqada wax baadhista gaarka ah

Qayb weyn oo ka mid ah daalacashada shabakadayada waxa lagu bilaabay bookmarks. Mareegaha inta badan la isticmaalo waxay helayaan jidkooda bookmarksyada. Marka la abuurayo bookmark bog gaar ah, waxaan jeclaan lahayn inaan dejino browserkayaga shabakada si uu had iyo jeer u furo boggaas daaqad khaas ah, iyada oo aan wax faragelin ah laga helin isticmaaluhu. Ma aanu helin browser-yada u oggolaanaya goobtan. Waxa ugu dhow ee aad heli karto waa inaad gujiso midigta ama taabo oo aad ku hayso bookmark ka dibna dooro inaad ku furto bookmark daaqad cusub oo gaar ah.

Dhibaatadu waxay tahay inaad u baahan tahay inaad tan sameyso mar kasta oo aad isticmaasho bookmark. Isticmaalayaal badan ayaa jeclaan lahaa inay ku kaydiyaan boggaga qaar bookmarks-kooda oo ay hubiyaan inay had iyo jeer ku shubtaan daalacashada gaarka ah. Ma jeclaan lahayd inaad sifadan u yeelato qaar ka mid ah boggaga aad booqato?

Maxaa kale oo soo jeedin ah oo aad haysaa si aad u horumariso daalacashada gaarka ah?

Awood u lahaanshaha isticmaalka hababka daalacashada shabakadda ee gaarka ah ayaa wax weyn ku soo kordhinaysa dhammaan daalacashada shabakadda ee waaweyn. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, hababkani aad ayay uga fog yihiin kuwa qumman waxayna u baahan yihiin horumarin. Waxaan u maleyneynaa in fikradaha lagu wadaago maqaalkan ay saameyn wanaagsan ku yeelan karaan. Kahor intaadan xidhin maqaalkan, noo sheeg siday kula tahay. Ma jeceshahay fikradahayaga? Ma haysaa talooyin kale oo lagu hagaajinayo daalacashada shabakada gaarka ah? Hoos ka faallooda^(Comment) oo aan ka doodno.

7 ways in which browsers should improve private browsing (Incognito, InPrivate, etc)

Privacy is a hot topic, аnd our web browsers are at the center of most of our privacy battles. The first web browѕer that launched the private mode was Safari for Mac OS, in 2005. Since then, all the major web browsers have devеloped а "private browsing" mode. The privacy delivered by each browsеr hаs significant differences, and all of them fall short of our expectations about what it means to browsе the web privately. Іn this opinion article, we want to advocatе a list of features that cаn inсrease, in meaningful ways, the concept оf private browsing. Here is what we would like all web browsers to offer, in thеir private browsing modes:

1. VPN should be available and turned-on, for private browsing

VPN has its origins in a 1996 protocol named PPTP (or Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol), and it has become an established standard for security and privacy. VPN encrypts your internet traffic which means that when your internet service provider or anyone else tries to track your activity, they won't understand the data going through the VPN connection. The only popular web browser that implements VPN in its private browsing mode is Opera. When you open a private window in the Opera browser, you have a VPN button that you can click to start a VPN session.

The gripe we have with Opera is that the service is not started automatically when using private browsing and that the VPN service is not configurable. We would love for all the major web browsers to:

• Partner with a trustworthy VPN provider and offer VPN by default, in their private browsing modes. It is OK for them to ask for a fee, and provide an excellent VPN service.
• The VPN service should start automatically when you enter private browsing.
• You should be able to configure the VPN service a bit so that it works as you need.

Well done Opera, for being a positive example, albeit an imperfect one.

2. Enable a private search engine as the default

Browsing the web and using search have become intertwined. The address bar has become an internet search box, and you find yourself searching for websites directly from this place. Google is the quintessential search engine of the internet with a market share that goes above 90%. Google is also the big bad wolf when it comes to privacy. When you want to go private, you want your searches to remain private as well. The Vivaldi web browser is an excellent example in this area. It lets you specify a separate search engine for its private browsing windows.

Moreover, Vivaldi sets DuckDuckGo as the default private search engine from the moment you install it. You can also set Vivaldi to use other private search engines, like Qwant for example. We love this approach, and all web browsers should embrace it.

3. Disable trackers and tracking cookies

One of the loopholes of private browsing is that during the private session, the collection of your data is not stopped. Yes, the data is dumped the moment you finish your private browsing session, but during its course, the snooping elements, called trackers, keep gathering information about your activity.

Firefox is an excellent example of protecting against trackers. Its feature was called initially Tracking Protection, and it has been renamed Content Blocking. The idea is that web content, cookies, or scripts can collect what you are doing in a private browsing session. The Content Blocking feature in Firefox ensures this collection is not happening when you use Private Browsing.

Thumbs up Firefox! All web browsers should copy this approach for their private browsing modes.

4. Disable extensions by default, yet allow users to enable the ones they trust

One of the weak points of your privacy protection in web browsers is the extensions (or add-ons). Some of the extensions provided by third-party developers can freely track what you are doing at all times, including during private browsing. Unfortunately, in our web browsers, the privacy settings of the browser do not extend automatically to the extensions that the user has installed. The browser's extensions should not have access to your private browsing sessions, by default. Opera is again a positive example.

Google Chrome and Microsoft Edge behave nicely as well, disabling extensions by default in their private browsing modes (Incognito and InPrivate). The big offender in this area is Firefox. This browser does not disable extensions in Private Browsing, and it should do that to better protect its users.

5. Block the restoration of closed tabs while browsing privately

Restoring closed tabs is a handy feature in a standard web browsing session. In private browsing, it can be used to break the privacy protection and bring back your closed tabs. Google Chrome, Microsoft Edge, and Opera behave correctly by disabling the restoration of closed tabs when using private browsing.

Firefox is again the only offender, as it allows the restoration of closed tabs, at all times.

6. Clear the clipboard so that others cannot paste the last item(s) that you copied

Using the clipboard has become second nature when dealing with computers, tablets, or smartphones. We copy information into the clipboard all the time without paying attention.

When you work in a private browsing session, you may copy into the clipboard information that you want to keep private. On a shared computer, someone else can paste the content of the clipboard, and break your privacy. For this reason, we propose that the clipboard should be cleared of its content acquired in a private browsing session after you close the private browsing windows that you were using.

7. Create bookmarks that always load in a private browsing window

A substantial chunk of our web browsing is initiated through bookmarks. The most used websites find their way into our bookmarks. When creating a bookmark to a specific page, we would love to set our web browser to always open that page in a private browsing window, without any other intervention from the user. We did not find browsers that allow this setting. The closest you can get is to right-click or tap and hold on a bookmark and then choose to open the bookmark in a new private window.

The problem is that you need to do this every time you use the bookmark. Many users would love to store some sites in their bookmarks and make sure that they always load in private browsing. Wouldn't you love to have this feature for some of the sites that you visit?

What other suggestions do you have for improving private browsing?

Being able to use private web browsing modes is a great addition to all the major web browsers. However, these modes are far from perfect and need improving. We think that the ideas shared in this article can have a significant positive impact. Before closing this article, tell us what you think. Do you like our ideas? Do you have other suggestions for improving private web browsing? Comment below and let's discuss.

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