Diiwaanka Windows^{(Windows Registry)} waa tusaha kaydiya goobaha iyo fursadaha nidaamka hawlgalka ee Microsoft Windows . Waxay ka kooban tahay macluumaadka iyo goobaha loogu talagalay dhammaan qalabka, nidaamka hawlgalka software, inta badan software nidaamka aan shaqaynayn, isticmaalayaasha, doorbidka PC, iwm. Boostada waxay ka hadlaysaa Aasaaska Diiwaangelinta Windows^{(Windows Registry Basics)} .

Mar kasta oo adeegsaduhu uu isbeddel ku sameeyo dejinta Koontaroolka^{(Control Panel)} , feylasha ururada, siyaasadaha nidaamka, ama inta badan software-ka la rakibay, isbeddelada ayaa ka muuqda oo lagu kaydiyaa diiwaanka. Diiwaangelintu waxay sidoo kale bixisaa daaqad hawlgalka kernel-ka, oo kashifaya macluumaadka runtime sida xisaabiyeyaasha waxqabadka iyo qalabka hadda shaqeeya.

Diiwaanka Windows - ka waxa la soo bandhigay si loo hagaajiyo faafinta barnaamijkiiba faylalka INI ee hore loo isticmaalay in lagu kaydiyo habaynta habaynta barnaamijyada Windows . Faylashani waxay u janjeersadeen inay ku kala firdhaan dhammaan nidaamka, taas oo ka dhigtay inay adagtahay in la raad raaco.

Akhri^(Read) :  Goorma ayaa isbedelada Diiwaanka la keydiyaa ?

Aasaaska Diiwaanka Daaqadaha

Diiwaanku wuxuu ka kooban yahay 5 ^{(The Registry consists of the following 5)} furayaasha xididka^{(Root Keys)} :

• HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT
• HKEY_CURRENT_USER
• HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE
• HKEY_USERS
• HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG.

Furayaasha xididka waxaa ku jira Keyyo-hoosaadka^(SubKeys) . Furayaasha hoose waxaa laga yaabaa inay ka koobnaan karaan furayaal-hoosaad iyagana u gaar ah oo ka kooban ugu yaraan hal qiime, oo loo yaqaanno qiimaheeda ^{(Subkeys may contain subkeys of their own too and contain at least one value, called as its )}Default ^{(Default Value)}. Furaha leh dhammaan furayaasha hoose iyo qiyamka waxaa loo yaqaan ' Hive ' .

Diiwaangelintu waxay ku taal Disk-ga ku dhex jira nidaamka32/config galka sida dhowr faylal oo kala duwan oo Hive ah. Faylashan 'Hive' ayaa markaa lagu akhriyaa xusuusta mar kasta oo Windows bilowdo ama marka isticmaaluhu^(User) galo. Si aad u aragto halka ay jir ahaan ku kaydsan yihiin Hive s, eeg:

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\HiveList

Waxaad ka akhrisan kartaa wax badan oo ku saabsan meesha ay ku yaalliin faylalka Diiwaanka Windows .

Diiwaangelintu waxay^(Registry) isticmaashaa noocyada xogta ee soo socda:

• REG_SZ : SZ-gu waxa uu tilmaamayaa xadhig eber ah Kani waa xadhig dhererkiisu doorsoomay oo ka koobnaan kara Unicode iyo sidoo kale jilayaasha ANSI .
• REG_BINARY : Waxay ka kooban tahay xogta binary. 0's & 1's.
• REG_DWORD : Nooca xogtani waa laba kelmadood^(Word) . Waa qiime nambareed 32-bit ah wuxuuna hayn karaa nambar kasta laga bilaabo 0 ilaa 232.
• REG_QWORD : Nooca xogtani waa kelmad afar laab ah^(Word) . Waa qiime nambareed 64-bit ah.
• REG_MULTI_SZ : Nooca xogtani waxa ay ka kooban tahay xargaha eber-ka-jooga ee loo qoondeeyay hal qiime.
• REG_EXPAND_SZ : Nooca xogtani waa xadhig eber ah oo ka kooban tixraac aan la ballaarin oo ku saabsan doorsoomiyaha deegaanka, sida dheh, % SystemRoot %.

Virtualization Registry ee Windows

Laga bilaabo Windows Vista , oo ay weheliso Faylka Virtualization , Diiwaanka^(Registry) sidoo kale, ayaa la sameeyay, oo markaa ka duwan Windows XP , uma muuqato in uu ku xanuunsado bararka. Isla sidaas oo kale ayaa lagu sii waday Windows 7 .

Gudaha Windows Vista iyo ka dib, UAC waxay isticmaashaa Feature Farsamaynta Diiwangelinta^{(Registry Virtualization Feature)} , si ay u jihayso isku dayga in wax lagu qoro furayaasha hoose ee

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software

Marka codsi uu isku dayo inuu u qoro rugtan, Vista beddelkeeda, wuxuu u qoraa, goob isticmaale kasta,

HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\VirtualStore\Machine\Software

Tan waxaa loo sameeyaa si qarsoodi ah. Qofna ma ogaanayo inay tani dhacayso!

Tani waa, marka la soo koobo, Virtualization Registry, waana sifo ammaan oo faa'iido leh.^{(This is, in short, Registry Virtualization, and it is a useful Security feature.)}

Dhacdo ahaan, waa in sidoo kale la xusaa tignoolajiyad kale oo cusub oo hoos timaada Windows Vista iyo ka dib: Maamulaha Wax kala iibsiga Kernel^{(Kernel Transaction Manager)} , kaas oo awood u siinaya Diiwaangelinta Ganacsiga^{(Transactional Registry)} . Habkani waxa uu awood siinayaa nooc ka mid ah dib-u- celinta Diiwaangelinta . ^(Registry)Laakiin laguma hirgelin Tifaftiraha Diiwaanka^{(Registry Editor)} . Taa baddalkeeda, sifadan waxaa loogu talagalay inay adeegsadaan horumariyeyaal u baahan inay abuuraan codsiyo adag iyagoo isticmaalaya hab-socodka wax kala iibsiga.

Akhri: ^(Read:) Sida loo abuuro Furaha Diiwaangelinta Windows .

Tafatiraha Diiwaanka

Qalabka aasaasiga ah ee ku jira Windows 10/8/7/Vista ee si toos ah ula shaqaynta diiwaanka waa Registry Editor . Si aad u gasho, si fudud ku qor regedit^(regedit) gudaha Vista's Start Menu Search Bar oo ku dhufo Gelida^(Enter) !

Waa inaad laba jeer ka taxadartaa markaad la shaqaynayso Diiwaanka^(Registry) , maadaama aysan jirin wax xaqiijin ah ama guji OK si loo badbaadiyo isla markiiba. Isbeddellada la sameeyay si toos ah ayaa loogu daray.

Waxaad ka akhrisan kartaa wax badan oo ku saabsan Talooyinka & Tilmaamaha Tifaftiraha Diiwaanka Windows^{(Windows Registry Editor Tips & Features)} . Isticmaalayaasha Windows 10 v1703 waxay isticmaali karaan ciwaanka ciwaanka si ay toos ugu boodaan furaha diiwaangelinta .

Waa in si gaar ah loo xuso

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet

rugta sida furayaasha gaarka ah ayaa aad muhiim ugu ah Windows si uu u bilaabo, in kaydintiisa la hayo, taas oo aad dib u soo celin karto marka loo baahdo, si fudud adigoo ku dhejinaya Mode Safe^{(Safe Mode)} oo dooro qaabeynta Wanaagsan ee Ugu Danbeeyay^{(Last Known Good Configuration)} .

Waxaa laga yaabaa inaad rabto inaad akhrido qoraaladan:^{(You might want to read these posts too:)}

1. Sida loo hagaajiyo diiwaanka xumaaday ama xumaaday^{(How to repair corrupted or damaged Registry)}
2. Bilow Menu iyo TaskBar Diiwaangelinta Tweaks
3. Soo celi oo soo celi diiwaanka^{(Backup and restore the registry)}
4. La soco isbedelada ku yimaada Diiwaanka^{(Monitor changes to the Registry)} .
5. Sida loo furo marar badan oo ka mid ah Diiwaanka
6. Emojis waxa loo isticmaalayaa dariiqa Diiwaanka Windows ; Ma ogeyd!?

Windows Registry Basics: De-Mystifying Windows Registry

The Windows Registry is a directory that stores settings and options for the operating system for Microsoft Windows. It contains information and settings for all the hardware, operating system software, most non-operating system software, users, preferences of the PC, etc. This post talks about Windows Registry Basics.

Whenever a user makes changes to Control Panel settings, file associations, system policies, or most installed software, the changes are reflected and stored in the registry. The registry also provides a window into the operation of the kernel, exposing runtime information such as performance counters and currently active hardware.

The Windows registry was introduced to tidy up the profusion of per-program INI files that had previously been used to store configuration settings for Windows programs. These files tended to be scattered all over the system, which made them difficult to track.

Read: When do changes to the Registry get saved?

Windows Registry Basics

The Registry consists of the following 5 Root Keys:

• HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT
• HKEY_CURRENT_USER
• HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE
• HKEY_USERS
• HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG.

Root Keys contain SubKeys. Subkeys may contain subkeys of their own too and contain at least one value, called as its Default Value. A key with all its subkeys and values is called as a Hive.

The Registry is located on the Disk in the system32/config folder as several separate Hive files. These Hive files are then read into memory every time Windows starts or when the User logs on. To see where the Hives are physically stored, see:

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\HiveList

You can read more about the location of Windows Registry files.

The Registry uses the following data types:

• REG_SZ : The SZ indicates a zero-terminated string. This is a variable-length string that can contain Unicode as well as ANSI characters.
• REG_BINARY : It contains binary data. 0’s & 1’s.
• REG_DWORD : This data type is a Double Word. It is a 32-bit numeric value and can hold any number from 0 to 232.
• REG_QWORD : This data type is a Quadruple Word. It is a 64-bit numeric value.
• REG_MULTI_SZ : This data type contains a group of zero-terminated strings assigned to a single value.
• REG_EXPAND_SZ : This data type is a zero-terminated string containing an unexpanded reference to an environment variable, like say, %SystemRoot%.

Registry Virtualization in Windows

Starting with Windows Vista, along with File Virtualization, the Registry too, has been Virtualized, and hence unlike Windows XP, does not tend to suffer from bloat. The same has been continued in Windows 7.

In Windows Vista and later, the UAC utilizes the Registry Virtualization Feature, to redirect attempts to write to subkeys of

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software

When an application attempts to write to this hive, Vista instead, writes it, to a per-user location,

HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\VirtualStore\Machine\Software

This is done discreetly. No one gets to know that this is happening!

This is, in short, Registry Virtualization, and it is a useful Security feature.

Incidentally, mention must also be made of another new technology underlying Windows Vista and later: The Kernel Transaction Manager, which enables the Transactional Registry. This feature enables a sort of a Registry rollback. But it’s not implemented in Registry Editor. Instead, this feature is designed for use by developers who need to create robust applications using transactional processing.

Read: How to create a Registry Key in Windows.

Registry Editor

The primary tool in Windows 10/8/7/Vista for working directly with the registry is Registry Editor. To access it, simply type regedit in Vista’s Start Menu Search Bar and hit Enter!

You have to be doubly careful when working with the Registry, as there is no confirmation prompt or a click OK to save prompt. Changes made are directly incorporated.

You can read more about Windows Registry Editor Tips & Features. Users of Windows 10 v1703 can use the Address Bar to jump directly to any registry key.

Mention must specifically be made of the

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet

hive as the keys in this particular is so essential for Windows to start-up, that its backup is maintained, which you can restore when necessary, simply by booting in Safe Mode and selecting Last Known Good Configuration.

You might want to read these posts too:

1. How to repair corrupted or damaged Registry
2. Start Menu and TaskBar Registry Tweaks
3. Backup and restore the registry
4. Monitor changes to the Registry.
5. How to open multiple instances of the Registry
6. Emojis are being used in the Windows Registry path; Did you know!?

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