Haddii uu jiro hal qalab oo kaalin aad muhiim u ah ka ciyaara hawl-galka waxtarka iyo hufnaanta leh ee dhaqaalaheenna, waa Barcode ! Ururinta fudud ee baararka madow iyo caddaanku waxay noqotay meel walba oo loo isticmaalo aqoonsiga ku dhawaad ​​dhammaan badeecooyinka laga helo dukaanka raashinka ama dukaamada waaweyn. Haddaba, maxaa gaar ah oo ku saabsan tignoolajiyadan Barcode^{( Barcode technology)} iyo sida ay u sheeganayso inay u beddeshay warshadaha tafaariiqda wanaag?

Tignoolajiyada Barcode

Tacabka qof ayaa noqon kara jaranjarada uu qof kale ku gaaro guusha! Barcode wuxuu ahaa maskaxdii Norman Joseph Woodland , laakiin waa George Laurer oo loo aqoonsaday inuu fikradda ka midho dhaliyay. Woodland waxay samaysay nidaam ku salaysan calaamada barcode 1950. Waxa loo yaqaanay Barcode Bulls-Eye^{(Bulls-Eye Barcode)} . Habka codeeynta ayaa sharaxaad ka bixiyay badeecada iyo qiimaheeda kood uu mashiinku akhriyi karo, laakiin habka ayaa ahaa mid aad u adag. Sidoo kale, qiimaha laser-ka iyo tignoolajiyada xisaabinta ayaa markaa caqabad weyn ku ahaa horumarinta nidaamka. Labaatan sano ka dib, 1970-yadii, Laurer wuxuu dhigay WoodlandFikradda ah in la shaqeeyo iyada oo la samaynayo nidaamka leydi iyo sawir qaade leh xariijimo halkii wareegyo. Nidaamkani waxa uu noqday mid ka qaalisan, badideenna waxa ay maanta u arkaan sida barcode. Aan isku dayno inaan fahanno-

1. Sida nidaamka Barcode u shaqeeyo
2. Noocyada Barcode
3. Sida Barcode uu caan ugu noqday tafaariiqda

1] Sida Barcode u shaqeeyo

Isku darka baararka madow iyo caddaanka ee barcode waxay u taagan yihiin xarfo qoraal oo kala duwan kuwaas oo raacaya algorithm go'an ee nooca barcode. Marka isku xigxiga curiyeyaasha la beddelo, waxaad helaysaa qoraallo kala duwan. Kadib, iskaanka barcode ayaa akhriya qaabkan madow iyo caddaanka ah, wuxuu u turjumayaa xariiq qoraal ah oo kombuyuutarku fahmi karo. Waxaan haynaa sawir-qaadeyaal akhriyi kara 1D, 2D barcode. Marka la barbardhigo 1D, 2D barcode-yada ayaa xoogaa ka sii adag marka ay u habeeyaan macluumaadka si toos ah iyo toosan.

2] Noocyada barcode

Xeerka Alaabta Caalamiga ah (UPC)^{(Universal Product Code (UPC))}

Waxa loola jeedaa nooca koodka lagu daabacay baakadaha tafaariiqda ee ka caawinaya aqoonsiga shayga. UPC inta badan waxay ka kooban tahay 2 qaybood,

• Koodhka mashiinka lagu akhriyi karo - taxane ah baararka madow ee gaarka ah
• Nambar gaar ah oo 12-god ah oo ka hooseeya baararka madow

Lambarka Maqaalka Caalamiga ah (IAN) ^{(International Article Number (IAN) )}

Asal ahaan loo yiqiin Lambarka^{(Article Number)} Maqaalka Yurub , EAN waxaa loo beddelay Lambarka Maqaalka Caalamiga ah^{(International Article Number)} . Koodhka noocaan ah waxaa laga heli karaa baakadaha dibadda ee alaabta ama jeldiga dambe ee buug. Waxay ka kooban tahay 13 lambar oo la helay oo ku habboon deegaanka iskaanka mugga sare.

Xeerka 128^{(Code 128)}

Waa barcode-kumbuyuutar-ku-saaxiibtinimo leh oo u taagan dhammaan 128 -ka xaraf ee ASCII ee xarfaha (lambarada, xarfaha kiis sare/hoosaadka, calaamadaha iyo koodhadhka xakamaynta). Farkeedu wuxuu taageeraa ilaa toddobo dherer oo kala duwan. Dhammaan barcode oo leh toddobo dherer oo kala duwan waxaa lagu bixiyaa magacyo kala duwan,

• Code128_S1
• Code128_S2
• Code128_S3
• Code128_S4
• Code128_S5
• Code128_S6
• Code128_S7

Xeerka 39^{(Code 39)}

Koodhka 39^{(Code 39)} waxa uu calaamadeeyaa summada barcode kala duwan oo dhererkeedu doorsoomayo. Waxay ku bilaabataa kuna dhammaataa sifo '*' ah. Dabeecaddan waxa kale oo loo yaqaan dabeecad bilow/joojin ah. Koodhku wuxuu ka helaa codsigiisa warshadaha waxaana loo xilsaaray warshado badan oo baabuurta iyo sumadaha caadiga ah ee Wasaaradda ^(Department)Difaaca .^(Defense)

PDF 417

PDF417 waa qaab barcode toosan oo xiran oo loo isticmaalo codsiyo kala duwan sida kaararka aqoonsiga, maareynta alaabada, iyo gaadiidka. Waxay ka kooban tahay 3 ilaa 90 saf oo xog ah kuwaaso korin kara ilaa 1850 ASCII ama 2725 xaraf.

GS1 DataBar

A GS1 DataBar waa calaamad Barcode cusub oo loogu talagalay in lagu waafajiyo tiro badan oo macluumaad ah oo geli kara meel yar marka loo eego koodka Barcode ee caadiga ah ee UPC . Inta badan waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu calaamadiyo cuntooyinka cusub maadaama ay hayn karto macluumaadka sida lambarka dufcada shay ama taariikhda uu dhacayo, marka lagu daro sifooyinka kale ee loo isticmaalo goobta iibka sida miisaanka shayga.

3] Sida Barcode^{(How Barcode)} uu caan ugu noqday tafaariiqda iyo wax soo saarka

Markii tignoolajiyada barcode la geeyey hababka ganacsiga, nidaam toos ah oo lagu soo qabanayo macluumaadka alaabta ayaa la sameeyay. Tani waxay sahlaysa safafka gaagaaban ee hubinta iyo keenista wakhtiga ku dhow, taasoo ka dhigaysa ganacsiga mid soo jiidasho leh.

Ka sokow, waxa kale oo ay fududaatay in la sii wado la socodka alaabada maadaama tafaasiisha badeecada aan mar dambe loo baahnayn in lagu quudiyo gacanta laakiin la mariyo iskaanka Barcode^(Barcode) . Baadhitaan degdeg ah oo la mariyey iskaanka ayaa soo bandhigay tafaasiil kasta oo alaabta ah (qofka miiska jooga waxa kale oo uu hubin karaa taariikhda dhicitaanka) iyo software-ka ku xidhan iskaanka ayaa soo saaray biilka isla markiiba. Waxaas oo dhami waxay ka dhigeen socodsiinta hawl aad u weyn, kala duwan, hawl sahayd adag oo aad u fudud, korodhay wax soo saarka iyo yaraynta khaladaadka bini'aadamka.

Barcode Technology and how it works

If there’s one tool that plays а very crucial role in the effective and effіcient operation оf our economy, it’s Barcоde! The simple collection of black and white bars has become sо ubiquitous that it’s used in the identification of аlmost all produсts found at a grocery ѕtore or a supermarket. So, whаt іs specіal about thіs Barcode technology and how it claims to have changed the retailing industry for good?

Barcode technology

Someone’s hard work can be another’s stepping-stone to success! Barcode was the brainchild of Norman Joseph Woodland, but it is George Laurer who is credited for bringing the idea to fruition. Woodland had developed a system based on barcode symbology in 1950. It was called the Bulls-Eye Barcode. The coding system provided a description of a product and its price in a code readable by a machine, but the method was quite complicated. Also, the cost of laser and computing technology then was a major impediment in the development of the system. Two decades later, in the 1970s, Laurer put Woodland’s idea to work by developing a rectangle system and a scanner with strips instead of circles. This system proved less expensive and most of us see it as barcodes today. Let us try to understand-

1. How Barcode system works
2. Types of Barcodes
3. How Barcode became popular with retailing

1] How Barcode works

The combination of black and white bars on a barcode represents different text characters which follow a set algorithm for that barcode type. When the sequence of elements is changed, you get different text altogether. Then, a barcode scanner reads this pattern of black and white, it translates them into a line of text your computer can understand. We have barcode scanners that can read 1D, 2D barcodes. In comparison to 1D, 2D barcodes are a bit more complex as they organize information vertically and horizontally.

2] Types of barcode

Universal Product Code (UPC)

It refers to a type of code printed on retail product packaging that helps in identifying the item. The UPC mainly consists of 2 parts,

• The machine-readable barcode – a series of unique black bars
• A unique 12-digit number beneath black bars.

International Article Number (IAN) 

Originally known as European Article Number, EAN was renamed to International Article Number. This type of barcodes can be found either on the outer packaging of a product or the back cover of a book. It consists of a 13 digit code found suitable for the high volume scanning environment.

Code 128

It is a computer-friendly barcode and represents all 128 ASCII code characters (numbers, upper case/lower case letters, symbols and control codes). Its font supports up to seven different heights. All barcodes with seven different heights are provided with different names,

• CCode128_S1
• CCode128_S2
• CCode128_S3
• CCode128_S4
• CCode128_S5
• CCode128_S6
• CCode128_S7

Code 39

Code 39 marks discrete barcode symbology with a variable length. It begins and ends with a ‘*’ character. This character is also called as a start/stop character. The code finds its application in industries and is mandated for many automotive industries and Department of Defense standard labels.

PDF 417

PDF417 is a stacked linear barcode format used in a variety of applications such as identification cards, inventory management, and transport. It consists of 3 to 90 rows of data that can encode up to 1850 ASCII or 2725 numeric characters.

GS1 DataBar

A GS1 DataBar is relatively a new Barcode symbology designed to fit a large amount of information into a smaller amount of space than a regular UPC bar code. It is mostly used to label fresh foods as it can hold information like an item’s batch number or expiry date, in addition to other attributes used at the point-of-sale such as the item weight.

3] How Barcode became popular with retail and manufacturing

When barcode technology was deployed in business processes, an automatic system for capturing product information was developed. This enabled shorter queues at checkout and just-in-time deliveries, making the business more attractive.

Besides, it also became easy to keep a track of inventory as the product details no more had to be fed manually but via a Barcode scanner. A quick scan via scanner displayed every detail of the product (the person at the counter could also check the expiry date) and the software connected to the scanner generated the bill instantly. All of this made running a huge, diversified, logistically complex operation much easier, increased productivity and reduced human errors.

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