NIC kasta (Network Interface Card) wuxuu leeyahay cinwaan MAC u gaar ah ( Xakamaynta Helitaanka Warbaahinta^{(Media Access Control)} ). Tani waxay khusaysaa dhammaan noocyada kaararka shabakadda, oo ay ku jiraan kaararka Ethernet iyo kaararka WiFi . Cinwaanka MAC^{(MAC Address)} waa nambar lix-byte ah ama 12-god oo hexadecimal ah oo loo isticmaalo in si gaar ah loo aqoonsado martigeliyaha shabakadda.

Tusaale ahaan ciwaanka MAC waa 1F-2E-3D-4C-5B-6A oo waxay ku dhacdaa borotokoolka isku xirka lakabka 2 ee qaabka ^{(Layer 2)}OSI . Shabakadaha maanta, ARP , ama hab maamuuska xalinta^{(Address Resolution Protocol)} ciwaanka waxay u rogaan ciwaanka MAC ciwaanka borotokoolka lakabka 3^{(Layer 3)} , sida ciwaanka IP. Cinwaanka MAC sidoo kale waxaa loogu yeeri karaa ciwaanka jireed^{(Physical Address)} . Akhri qoraalkayga ku saabsan sida loo helo cinwaankaaga MAC^{(how to find your MAC address)} haddii aadan aqoon.

Dhamaan ciwaanada MAC waxa ay ku xidhan yihiin kaarka shabkada waligoodna lama bedeli karo^{(change or spoof the MAC address)}

Haddaba maxaad u doonaysaa inaad beddesho cinwaankaaga MAC ? Hagaag waxaa jira sababo badan oo tan ah, inta badan waxay la xiriiraan ka gudubka nooc ka mid ah shaandhada cinwaanka MAC ee lagu dejiyay modem, router ama firewall. Beddelidda cinwaanka MAC^{(MAC Address)} waxay kaa caawin kartaa inaad ka gudubto xannibaadaha shabakadaha adiga oo ku dayanaya ciwaanka MAC^{(MAC Address)} aan xaddidnayn ama adigoo ku dhufanaya ciwaan MAC ah oo hore loo oggolaaday.

Tusaale ahaan, shabakadda WiFi waxay u oggolaan kartaa kombiyuutarrada la oggol yahay oo keliya inay ku xidhmaan shabakadda oo ay ka shaandheeyaan kombuyuutarrada iyadoo lagu saleynayo ciwaanka MAC . Haddii aad dami karto ciwaanka MAC ee sharciga ah, ka dib waxaad ku dhufan kartaa cinwaankaaga MAC oo aad geli kartaa shabakadda WiFi .

Tusaale kale waa haddii aad leedahay ISP oo u oggolaanaya tiro kombuyuutar ah oo keliya inay ku xidhmaan internetka^(Internet) gurigaaga. Haddii aad haysato kombiyuutaro badan oo u baahan in ay ku xidhmaan, waxaad ku dhejin kartaa cinwaanka MAC ee kumbiyuutarka la oggol yahay oo waxaad ka xidhi kartaa kombiyuutar kale.

Beddel ciwaanka Windows MAC

Waxaad si fudud ugu beddeli kartaa cinwaanka MAC ee kaadhka shabakadda ee Windows adoo raacaya tillaabooyinka hoose.

Talaabada 1aad^{(Step 1)} : Guji Start , kadibna Control Panel , ka dibna Network Connections , ka dibna midig-guji xiriirka shabakada aad rabto inaad ka beddesho cinwaanka MAC oo dooro Properties . Caadi ahaan waxay noqon doontaa Isku xidhka Deegaanka^{(Local Area Connection)} ama Isku xidhka Shabakadda Wireless-ka^{(Wireless Network Connection)} .

Haddii aad isticmaalayso Windows Vista , Windows 7 iyo wixii ka sareeya, waa inaad tagtaa Control Panel, ka dib Network and Internet, ka dibna Network and Sharing Center, ka dibna riix  Maareynta Network Connections^{(Manage Network Connections )} ama Bedel adabtarada^{( Change adapter settings)} Settings .

Markaas waxaad xaq u gujin kartaa adabtarada oo dooro Properties .

Talaabada 2^{(Step 2)} : Dhinaca Guud^(General) Â ama Networking tab, guji badhanka Configure .

Tallaabada 3^{(Step 3)} : Hadda dhagsii tab Advanced oo dhagsii ciwaanka maxaliga^{(Locally Administered Address)} ah ee lagu maamulo hantida ama cinwaanka shabakada^{(Network Address)} .

Sida caadiga ah, qiimaha aan hadda joogin^{(Not Present)} ayaa la doortaa. Hore u soco oo guji badhanka qiimaha^(Value) raadiyaha oo geli ciwaan cusub oo MAC ah. Cinwaanka MAC waa isku darka 6 lammaane oo nambaro iyo xarfo ah, ie 40-A2-D9-82-9F-F2. Waa inaad gelisaa ciwaanka MAC adigoon kharibaad la'aan.

Waxaad aadi kartaa amarka degdega ah oo ku IPCONFIG /ALL si aad u hubiso in cinwaanka MAC la bedelay^(MAC)

Tani waa habka ugu fudud ee aad ku bedeli karto cinwaankaaga MAC ee Windows . Waxa kale oo aad sidaas ku samayn kartaa adiga oo isticmaalaya diiwaanka, laakiin aad ayay uga badan tahay farsamo oo malaha dadka badidood uma baahna.

Beddel ciwaanka OS X MAC

Beddelka ciwaanka MAC ee ^(MAC)OS X xaqiiqdii ma fududa sida ay ugu sahlan tahay Windows . Marka hore, waa inaad isticmaashaa Terminal (oo la mid ah amarka degdegga ah ee Windows ) si aad runtii u bedesho cinwaanka MAC .

Marka labaad, waxaad u baahan tahay inaad gacanta ku ogaatid magaca farsamada adabtarada ka hor intaadan bedelin goobaha. Waxaan u sharxi doonaa wax kasta oo hoos ku qoran tallaabo tallaabo, laakiin way yara adkaataa mararka qaarkood.

Si aad u bilawdo, aynu soo ogaano ciwaanka MAC -ga hadda ee ^(MAC)Mac gaaga . Waxaad tan ku samayn kartaa mid ka mid ah laba siyaabood: iyada oo loo marayo Dookhyada ^{(Preferences)}Nidaamka^(System) ama iyada oo loo marayo Terminal . Furo Xulashada Nidaamka^{(System Preferences)} , dhagsii Network ka dibna dhagsii  badhanka Advanced . Hubi^(Make) in aad marka hore doorato interface ku haboon ( WiFi , Ethernet , iwm) sanduuqa liiska ee bidixda.

Guji tab Hardware oo waxaad arki doontaa safka ugu horreeya waa MAC Address . Waxaan u maleeyay inaad si fudud gacanta^(Manually) uga dooran karto hoos u-dhigga Configure , laakiin taasi kuma oggolaanayso inaad wax ka beddesho ciwaanka MAC .

Terminal - ka, waxaad ka heli kartaa ciwaanka MAC adoo ku qoraya amarka soo socda:

ifconfig en0 | grep ether

Tani waxay ku siin doontaa cinwaanka MAC ee interface en0. Iyada oo ku xidhan inta interface ee aad ku leedahay kombayutarka, waxa laga yaabaa inaad u baahato inaad amarkan dhawr jeer ku darto 1 lambarka mar kasta. Tusaale ahaan, waxaan waday amarada soo socda ee hoos ku xusan ilaa aan ka gaaray interface aan jirin.

Hadda waxaad si fudud u barbar dhigi kartaa ciwaannada MAC ee halkan ku taxan iyo kan aad ku aragtay Dookhyada ^{(Preferences)}Nidaamka^(System) . Xaaladdayda, ciwaanka WiFi MAC ee f8: ​​1e: df: d8: 9d: 8a wuxuu ku habboon yahay en1 , markaa taasi waa interface-ka waa inaan u isticmaalo amarrada soo socda.

Kahor intaanan bedelin cinwaanka MAC , waxaad isticmaali kartaa amar faa'iido leh oo ku yaal Terminal si aad u abuurto ciwaan MAC ah haddii aad mid u baahan tahay.

openssl rand -hex 6 | sed ‘s/\(..\)/\1:/g; s/.$//’

Hadda oo aad leedahay cinwaan cusub oo MAC , waxaad bedeli kartaa kan hadda adiga oo isticmaalaya amarkan hoose. Ku beddel XX cinwaanka ^{(Replace XX)}MAC ee dhabta ah ee aad rabto inaad isticmaasho.

sudo ifconfig en0 ether xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx

Si tan loo sameeyo, waxaad u baahan tahay inaad gasho maamule^{(Administrator)} ahaan ama waa inaad awood u yeelataa akoontiga xididka ee OS X. ^{(OS X)}Sida caadiga ah, xididku waa naafo, waxaana fiican inaad isaga tagto isagoo naafo ah haddii aad awooddo. Kaliya gal sida admin oo waa inaad awood u yeelatid inaad si fiican u socodsiiso amarka. Waxay ku weydiin doontaa eraygaaga sirta ah, in kastoo, ka hor inta aadan bedelin cinwaanka MAC .

Sidoo kale, ciwaanka isma beddeli doono haddii aad weli ku xidhan tahay shabakadda WiFi . Waxa aad u baahantahay in aad marka hore ka jarto shabkado kasta ka bacdina aad maamulto amarka Waxaa la yaab leh, ka-goynta shabakada wireless-ka ee OS X maaha mid dareen leh gabi ahaanba. Waa inaad riixdaa oo aad haysaa furaha ikhtiyaarka^(Option) ka dibna riix icon WiFi si aad u aragto ikhtiyaarka goynta.

Markaa halkan waxaa ah liistada dhammaan amarradii aan ku orday si aan u helo ciwaanka MAC ee hadda jira , soo saar mid random, cusboonaysii ciwaanka MAC ka dibna xaqiiji in uu runtii is beddelay.

Sidii aan hore u soo sheegay, tani xaqiiqdii maaha mid toos ah sida geeddi-socodku ugu jiro Windows , laakiin waa inaad awood u yeelatid inaad sameyso haddii aad si fudud u koobi karto oo aad dhejiso amarrada kor ku xusan. Haddii aad wax su'aalo ah qabtid, xor u noqo inaad faallo ka bixiso. Ku raaxayso!

Change or Spoof a MAC Address in Windows or OS X

Every NIC (Network Interface Card) has a unique MAC address (Media Access Control). This applies to all types of network cards, including Ethernet cards and WiFi cards. The MAC Address is a six-byte number or 12-digit hexadecimal number that is used to uniquely identify a host on a network.

An example of a MAC address is 1F-2E-3D-4C-5B-6A and it falls into the Layer 2 networking protocol of the OSI model. In today’s networks, ARP, or Address Resolution Protocol converts a MAC address to a Layer 3 protocol address, such as an IP address. A MAC address can also be called a Physical Address. Read my post on how to find your MAC address if you don’t know it.

All MAC addresses are hard-coded into a network card and can never be changed. However, you can change or spoof the MAC address in the operating system itself using a few simple tricks.

So why would you want to change your MAC address? Well there are many reasons for this, mostly related to bypassing some kind of MAC address filter set on a modem, router or firewall. Changing the MAC Address can help you bypass certain network restrictions by emulating an unrestricted MAC Address or by spoofing a MAC address that is already authorized.

For example, a WiFi network may allow only authorized computers to connect to the network and filters out computers based on the MAC address. If you can sniff out a legitimate MAC address, you can then spoof your MAC address and gain access to the WiFi network.

Another example is if you have an ISP that allows only a certain number of computers to connect to the Internet from your home. If you have more computers that need to connect, you can spoof the MAC address of an authorized computer and connect from a different computer.

Change Windows MAC Address

You can change the MAC address for the network card in Windows pretty easily following the steps below.

Step 1: Click on Start, then Control Panel, then Network Connections, and right-click on the network connection you want to change the MAC address for and select Properties. It will normally either be Local Area Connection or Wireless Network Connection.

If you are using Windows Vista, Windows 7 or higher, you have to go to Control Panel, then Network and Internet, then Network and Sharing Center, and then click on Manage Network Connections or Change adapter settings.

Then you can right-click on the adapter and choose Properties.

Step 2: On the General or Networking tab, click the Configure button.

Step 3: Now click on the Advanced tab and click on the Locally Administered Address property or the Network Address property.

By default, the Not Present value is selected. Go ahead and click on the Value radio button and enter in a new MAC address. The MAC address is a combination of 6 pairs of numbers and characters, i.e. 40-A2-D9-82-9F-F2. You should enter the MAC address without the dashes.

You can go to the command prompt and type in IPCONFIG /ALL to check that the MAC address has been changed. Go ahead and restart the computer in order for the changes to take effect.

This is the simplest way to change your MAC address in Windows. You can also do so via the registry, but it’s much more technical and probably not required by most people.

Change OS X MAC Address

Changing the MAC address on OS X is definitely not as easy as it is on Windows. Firstly, you have to use Terminal (similar to command prompt in Windows) to actually change the MAC address.

Secondly, you need to manually figure out the technical name of the adapter before you can change the settings. I’ll explain everything below step by step, but it gets a bit complicated at times.

To start, let’s find out the current MAC address for your Mac. You can do this in one of two ways: via System Preferences or via Terminal. Open System Preferences, click on Network and then click on the Advanced button. Make sure to select the appropriate interface first (WiFi, Ethernet, etc) in the listbox on the left.

Click on the Hardware tab and you will see the first line is MAC Address. I thought you could simply choose Manually from the Configure dropdown, but that doesn’t allow you to edit the MAC address.

In Terminal, you can get the MAC address by typing in the following command:

ifconfig en0 | grep ether

This will give you the MAC address for the en0 interface. Depending on how many interfaces you have on your computer, you might need to run this command several times adding 1 to the number each time. For example, I ran the following commands below until I reached an interface that didn’t exist.

Now you can simply compare the MAC addresses listed here with the one you saw via System Preferences. In my case, my WiFi MAC address of f8:1e:df:d8:9d:8a matches with en1, so that is the interface I have to use for the next commands.

Before we change the MAC address, you can use a useful command in Terminal to generate a random MAC address if you need one.

openssl rand -hex 6 | sed ‘s/\(..\)/\1:/g; s/.$//’

Now that you have a new MAC address, you can change the current one using the following command below. Replace XX with the actual MAC address you want to use.

sudo ifconfig en0 ether xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx

In order to do this, you need to be logged in as an Administrator or you have to enable the root account in OS X. By default, root is disabled and it’s better to leave it disabled if you can. Just login as an admin and you should be able to run the command just fine. It will ask you for your password, though, before changing the MAC address.

Also, the address won’t change if you are still connected to a WiFi network. You need to first disconnect from any networks and then run the command. Surprisingly, disconnecting from a wireless network in OS X is not intuitive at all. You have to press and hold the Option key and then click on the WiFi icon to see the disconnect option.

So here is a rundown of all the commands I ran in order to get the current MAC address, generate a random one, update the MAC address and then verify to make sure it had actually changed.

As I mentioned earlier, this is definitely not as straightforward as the process is on Windows, but you should be able to do it if you simply copy and paste the commands above. If you have any questions, feel free to post a comment. Enjoy!

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