Linux iyo BSD - ^(BSDs)yada^(Linux) kala duwan ( Berkeley Software Distributions ) waa il furan oo bilaash ah, oo leh waxyaabo badan oo ay wadaagaan marka loo eego kala duwanaanshaha. Adigoo taas maskaxda ku haya, waxaad naftaada waydiin kartaa, “Haddii ay isku mid yihiin, haddaba maxay u jiraan gabi ahaanba? Miyaanay ka roonayn in la helo nidaam hawleed kali ah oo laga dooran karo?

Su'aashan waxaan kaga jawaabi karaa in aan sidoo kale sheego in khilaafkoodu uu aad u ballaaran yahay. Si aad u daboosho dhammaantood waxay u rogi lahayd maqaalkan buug halkii ay ka ahaan lahayd maqaal fudud. Taa beddelkeeda, waxaan diiradda saari doonaa aasaaska labada nidaam ee il furan si aad adigu naftaada u doorato midka ugu fiican.

Linux vs BSD

Linux farsamo ahaan looma tixgeliyo nidaamka hawlgalka. Taa beddelkeeda, dhab ahaantii, waa uun kernel. Kernel-ku waa udub dhexaadka nidaamka qalliinka ee ka jira halkaas wuxuuna u dhexeeyaa software-ka iyo qalabka.

Tani waxay u oggolaanaysaa kernel-ku inuu ka caawiyo isticmaaluhu inuu ka faa'iidaysto agabka laga helayo nidaamka. Nidaamka qalliinka laftiisa wuxuu ku dul dhisan yahay kernel-ka.

Kernel vs The Operating System^{(The Kernel vs The Operating System)}

Labaduba Linux iyo BSD^(BSDs) waa nidaamyada hawlgalka Unix u eg. Markaad rakibayso Linux , waxaad ku rakibaysaa qaybinta la dhisay iyadoo la isticmaalayo kernel Linux . Waxaa jira qaybo yar oo kala duwan oo laga dooran karo, sida Ubuntu iyo Debian , kuwaas oo dhamaantood adeegsada kernel Linux . Barnaamijyo kala duwan ayaa lagu dhejiyay kernel-ka ka hor inta aan qaybinta laga dhigin mid loo heli karo suuqa.

BSD , oo ka duwan Linux , waa nidaam hawleed dhamaystiran. BSD sidoo kale waa kernel, oo loo isticmaalo xudunta nidaamka hawlgalka. Horumarinta BSD^(BSD) waxay isticmaali doonaan kernel-kaas si ay ugu daraan noocyo kala duwan oo barnaamijyo ah, iyaga oo ka dhigaya kuwa loo heli karo isticmaalayaasha sidii qaybin dhamaystiran. Tani waxay ka dhigan tahay in nidaamka hawlgalka ee BSD , sida ^(BSD)FreeBSD ama NetBSD , uu yahay kernel iyo barnaamij kasta oo lagu daray dushiisa oo loo qaybiyo hal, xirmo la soo dejisan karo.

BSDs waxay isticmaalaan shay loo yaqaan nidaamka dekedaha. Nidaamkani waa waxa u oggolaanaya rakibidda xirmooyinka software. Software-ka waxaa lagu hayaa qaab isha, taasoo la macno ah in kombuyuutarku u baahan doono inuu ururiyo xogta wakhti kasta ka hor inta aanu software-ku shaqayn. 

Dahaarka qalinka ah ee tan ku jira ayaa ah in baakadaha lagu rakibi karo xaalad horay loo sii rakibay ee binary taasoo u oggolaanaysa nidaamkaaga inuu dhaafo tillaabada xog ururinta ee hore loo orday.

Farqiga aasaasiga ah ee u dhexeeya labadaba waa in qaybinta Linux ay la socoto barnaamijyo iyo kaydyo kala duwan, taas oo u oggolaanaysa isticmaaluhu inuu soo dejiyo barnaamijyo dheeraad ah oo kala duwan oo ku saabsan shuruudaha qaybinta.

Markaad rakibto nidaamka hawlgalka BSD , waxaad helaysaa kaliya barnaamijyada ay BSD bixiso. Tani run maaha xirmooyinka software-ka maadaama ay diyaar u yihiin labadaba sida aad ogaan doonto.

Kala duwanaanshaha Shatiga^{(Differences In Licensing)}

Dadka badankiis waxaa laga yaabaa inaysan dan ka lahayn laakiin farqiga u dhexeeya shati-siinta ayaa runtii ah mid muhiim ah. Linux waxay isticmaashaa shatiga guud ee GNU^{(GNU General Public License)} , ama GPL . Tani waxay ka dhigan tahay in horumariyayaashu ay wax ka beddeli karaan ama ku dari karaan sifooyin cusub kernel Linux sida ay rabaan. Waxa kaliya ee laqaban karo ayaa ah in dhammaan koodhka isha ee dhowaan la sameeyay ay tahay in loo siidaayo dadweynaha haddii ay rabaan iyo haddii kale.

BSD -yadu waxay adeegsadaan shatiga ^(BSDs)BSD ee u gaarka ah kaas oo u ogolaanaya horumariyayaashu inay wax ka beddelaan oo ay ku daraan astaamo cusub midkood BSD kernel ama qaybinta, iyada^(without) oo aan loo baahnayn in la sii daayo koodka isha. Tani waxay la macno tahay il furan BSD waxa lagu dhawaaqi karaa il xidhan haddii horumariyuhu sidaas doorto. Wax waajib ah kuma laha inay cidna u siidaayaan koodhka isha.

Helitaanka Software & Waafaqid^{(Software Availability & Compatibility)}

Kani waa shayga si toos ah u saameeya caannimada iyo la qabsiga nidaamka hawlgalka ee dadweynaha guud. Awooda nidaamka qalliinka ee la jaanqaadi kara software-ka casriga ah wuxuu u noqon karaa qaab-samaynta ama jebinta dadka badankiisa. 

Meeshii Linux ay khusayso, way u fududahay horumariyayaasha inay qoraan kood u diyaarsan kara isticmaalayaasha xidhmooyin binary ah oo horay loo soo diyaariyay si loo rakibo. Xirmooyinka waxaa lagu rakibaa iyadoo la isticmaalayo apt, yum iyo maareeyayaasha xirmo kale oo la mid ah. Dabeecadda isha furan ee Linux ayaa ah tan sahlaysa suurtagalnimadan.

Isticmaalayaasha BSD , hawshu maaha mid fudud. Isticmaalayaashu waa inay soo dejiyaan koodhka isha ee barnaamijyada kumanaanka dekedood ee diyaar u ah iyaga. Dabadeed, ka dib marka koodhadhka isha la soo dejiyo, waa inay ku ururiyaan nidaamkooda. 

Tani waxay madax xanuun ku abuurtaa isticmaalayaasha BSD iyo kuwa horumariya labadaba, maadaama caannimada la'aanta isticmaaleyaasha guud loo aanayn karo dhibka dheeriga ah ee ururinta koodka isha. Xirmooyinka binary-ga ee horay loo soo diyaariyay waxaa loo arki karaa inay yihiin nimcada kaliya ee badbaadinta si loo ciribtiro dhibka laakiin wali waxay ku yar tahay helitaanka barnaamijyada codsiyada.

Samaynta Doorasho^{(Making A Choice)}

Linux shaki la'aan waa doorashada ugu caansan ee ka mid ah ilaha furan, nidaamyada hawlgalka ee Unix. Waxay u janjeertaa inay hesho taageerada qalabka si ka dhakhso badan BSD iyo ujeedooyinka guud badidood, labada nidaamba aad bay ula mid yihiin walxaha.

Labada nidaamba waxay leeyihiin faa'iidooyin u gaar ah. Markaad eegto FreeBSD , kooxda horumarintu waxay ilaalinaysaa nooca u gaarka ah ee tirada badan ee qalabka caadiga ah. Tani waxay u oggolaanaysaa horumariyayaashu inay abuuraan qalabkooda kala duwan si loogu isticmaalo nidaamkooda. Aaladaha nidaamyada Linux^(Linux) waxaa ugu horrayn bixiya GNU suite sidaa darteed kala duwanaanshuhu uma badna.

BSD waxay leedahay codsi la'aan daran. Tani waxay keentay horumariyayaashu inay isku dayaan oo ay xakameeyaan xaaladda iyagoo abuuraya xirmo ku habboon Linux , taasoo u oggolaanaysa codsiyada Linux inay ku shaqeeyaan ^(Linux)BSD . Qaybinta Linux^(Linux) ma laha arrimo dhab ah oo khuseeya codsiyada maadaama ay jiraan wax badan oo ay heli karaan dadweynaha.

Dhibaatada dhabta ah waa doodda ilaha xorta ah.

Soosaarayaasha & Isticmaalayaasha vs Xayiraadaha^{(Developers & Users vs Restrictions)}

Shatiga Linux GPL wuxuu u janjeeraa inuu aad ugu adag yahay horumariyeyaasha, oo ku qasbaya in la sii daayo dhammaan koodka isha ee la beddelay. Horumariyeyaasha BSD^(BSD) dhanka kale ma laha xannibaadyo noocaas ah. Waxa maanka lagu hayaa waa waxa dadka aan horumarka lahayni ka helayaan waxaas oo dhan.

Soo-saareyaashu waxay dooran karaan BSD inay noqdaan nidaamka hawlgalka ee ay doorteen marka la abuurayo aalado cusub halkii Linux . Tani waxay u oggolaanaysaa inay ku sii hayaan wax ka beddelka koodka laftooda maadaama adeegsiga Linux uu la imaan lahaa sharciga u sii deynta koodhka isha dadweynaha.

Xayiraadaha lagu dejiyay Linux shatigooda ayaa siiya kuwa doonaya codsiyada nidaamka dammaanad in haddii mid la sameeyo, ay heli doonaan. Shatiga BSD wuxuu u oggolaanayaa horumariyayaasheeda doorashada inay ku sii jiraan hunguri-xumo iyo dib-u-dhac ku yimaadda kernel-ka iyo wax-ka-beddelka nidaamka, taasoo la macno ah in xitaa haddii wax la sameeyo, laga yaabo in dadweynaha guud aysan xitaa raad u yeelan jiritaankiisa.

Nidaamyada BSD^(BSD) waxay heleen sumcad wanaagsan oo la isku halleyn karo marka loo eego dhiggooda Linux . Tani waxay saaraysaa dhibco boodhka BSD . Waxa kale oo ay awood u leedahay in ay fuliso binaries Linux oo ay sheegato kayd dhexe. Labada shay Linux laguma yaqaan.

Labaduba waa ikhtiyaari macquul ah qof kasta oo u baahan OS ku salaysan Unix. Isku ekaanshaha ay leeyihiin awgeed, way adagtahay in midba kan kale la hormariyo. Doorashadu run ahaantii waxay saaran tahay horumariyaha vs isticmaalaha iyo shuruudaha ku jira OS-ka furan ee isticmaalaha uu raadinayo.

BSD vs Linux: The Basic Differences

Both Linux and the varying BSDs (Βerkеley Software Distributions) are free and open-sourсе, with more things in common than differences. With this in mind, you may ask yourself, “If they’re so similar, then why do they exist at all? Wouldn’t it be better to have a singular оperating system from which to choose?”

I can answer this question by also mentioning that their differences are also vast. So much so that to cover them all would turn this article into a book rather than just a simple article. Instead, I’ll be focusing on the basics for both open-source systems so that you can choose for yourself which one is the better choice.

Linux vs BSD

Linux is technically not considered an operating system. Instead, in reality, it is just a kernel. A kernel is the core aspect of any operating system out there and it lies somewhere between the software and hardware.

This allows the kernel to help the user take advantage of the resources available within a system. The operating system itself is built on top of the kernel.

The Kernel vs The Operating System

Both Linux and BSDs are Unix-like operating systems. When installing Linux, you’re installing a distribution that is built using the Linux kernel. There are quite a few distributions to choose from, such as Ubuntu and Debian, which all use the Linux kernel. Different programs are embedded onto the kernel prior to making the distribution available to the market.

BSD, unlike Linux, is a complete operating system. BSD is also a kernel, used as the core of the operating system. BSD developers will use that kernel to add different kinds of programs, making them available to users as a complete distribution. This means that a BSD operating system, like FreeBSD or NetBSD, is the kernel plus any programs added on top of it and distributed as a single, downloadable package.

BSDs use something called a ports system. This system is what allows the installation of software packages. The software is kept in source form, meaning that your computer will need to compile the data each time before the software will run. 

A silver lining in this is that packages can be installed in a pre-installed binary state which allows your system to forego the pre-run data compilation step.

The basic difference between both is that Linux distributions come with different sets of programs and repositories, allowing the user to download additional different programs pertaining to the requirements of the distribution.

When you install a BSD operating system, you just get the programs that BSD offers. This is not true for software packages as they are available to both as you will discover.

Differences In Licensing

Most people may not care but the difference in licensing is actually significant. Linux uses the GNU General Public License, or GPL. This means that developers can modify or add new features to the Linux kernel as they please. The only catch being that all newly-developed source code must be released to the public whether they want it to or not.

BSDs use their own unique BSD license which allows developers to modify and add new features to either the BSD kernel or distribution, without the need to release the source code. This means an open-source BSD can be declared closed-source if the developer so chooses. They have no obligation to release the source code to anyone.

Software Availability & Compatibility

This is the sort of thing that has a direct influence on the popularity and adaptability of an operating system to the general public. The capability of an operating system that is compatible with modern-day software can be a make-or-break feature for most people. 

Where Linux is concerned, it is easier for developers to write code that can be made available to users in pre-compiled binary packages for installation. The packages can be installed using apt, yum and other similar package managers. The open-source nature of Linux is what makes this possibility easier.

For BSD users, the task is not as simple. Users will have to download the source codes for the programs from the thousands of ports available to them. Then, after the source codes have been downloaded, they would have to compile them on their system. 

This creates a headache for both BSD users and developers, as the lack of popularity among general users can be attributed to the extra hassle of compiling the source codes. The pre-compiled binary packages can be seen as the only saving grace to eradicate the hassle but still falls short in the availability of applications programs.

Making A Choice

Linux is without a doubt the more popular choice among open-source, Unix-based operating systems. It tends to get hardware support much faster than a BSD would and for most general purposes, both systems are too similar to matter.

Both systems have their own set of advantages. Taking a look at FreeBSD, the development team maintains its own version of a large number of common tools. This allows the developers to create their own tool variants for use with their system. Linux systems tools are primarily provided by the GNU suite so variations are less likely.

BSD has a serious lack of applications. This has led developers to try and control the situation by creating a Linux compatibility package, allowing Linux applications to run on BSD. Linux distributions have no real issues with applications as there are plenty available to the public.

The real complication is the free-source argument.

Developers & Users vs Restrictions

The Linux GPL license tends to be more strict on the developers, forcing a release of all modified source code. BSD developers on the other hand have no such restrictions. The thing to keep in mind is what the non-developing public gets out of all this.

Manufacturers may opt for BSD as their operating system of choice when creating new devices instead of Linux. This would allow them to keep the code modifications to themselves as the use of Linux would have come with the stipulation of releasing the source code to the public.

The restrictions set on Linux by their license provides those seeking applications for the system an assurance that if one is made, they will have access to it. The BSD license allows its developers the choice to remain greedy and tight-lipped on kernel and system modifications, meaning that even if something is made, the general public may not even have a clue to its existence.

BSD systems have acquired a better reputation for reliability than its Linux counterpart. This puts a point on the scoreboard for BSD. It is also capable of executing Linux binaries and claims a central repository. Both things Linux is not known for.

Both are viable options for anyone in need of a Unix-based OS. Because of their similarities, it’s rather hard to promote one over the other. The choice truly lies on developer vs user and the requirements in an open-source OS that a user is looking for.

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