Maqaal ku qoran 2018, Robert Half , oo ah shirkad ku takhasustay kheyraadka aadanaha iyo warshadaha maaliyadeed, ayaa qoray in 63% of financial firms continue to use Excel ee awoodda aasaasiga ah. Dhab ahaantii, taasi maaha 100% waxaana loo arkaa to be a decline in usage! Laakiin tixgelinta software-ku inuu yahay software fidsan oo aan loogu talagelin oo keliya software-ka warshadaha maaliyadeed, 63% wali waa qayb muhiim ah oo ka mid ah warshadaha waxayna gacan ka geysataa muujinta sida ay muhiimka u tahay Excel .

Barashada sida loo isticmaalo Excel maaha inay noqoto mid adag. Qaadashada hal tallaabo markiiba waxay kaa caawin doontaa inaad ka guurto xirfadle oo aad u guurto khabiir (ama ugu yaraan meeshaas ku dhow) - xawaarahaaga.

Horudhac ahaan waxa aan ku dabooli doono maqaalkan, ka fikir xaashida shaqada, hawlaha aasaasiga ah ee la isticmaali karo iyo qaaciidooyinka, iyo dhex galka xaashida shaqada ama buug-shaqeedka. Run ahaantii, ma dabooli doono hawl kasta oo suurtogal ah oo Excel ah, laakiin waxaanu dabooli doonaa in ku filan si ay ku siiso fikrad ah sida loo wajaho kuwa kale. 

Qeexitaannada aasaasiga ah^{(Basic Definitions)}

Runtii aad bay waxtar u leedahay haddii aan daboolno qeexitaanno kooban. Inta badan, waxaad maqashay ereyadan (ama aad hore u ogeyd waxay yihiin). Laakiin waan dabooli doonaa si aan u hubinno oo dhammaan loo dejiyo inta ka hartay habka barashada sida loo isticmaalo Excel .

Buugaag shaqo vs. Xaashiyaha shaqada^{(Workbooks vs. Worksheets)}

^(Excel)Dukumentiyada Excel waxaa loo yaqaan Buugaag-Shaqed ( Workbooks ) oo marka ugu horraysa ee aad abuurto dukumeenti Excel ah (buug-shaqeedka), qaar badan (oo aan ahayn dhammaan) noocyada Excel waxay si toos ah ugu dari doonaan saddex tab, mid kastaa wuxuu wataa warqad shaqo oo bannaan. Haddii noocaaga Excel^(Excel) uusan taas samayn, ha welwelin, waxaan baran doonaa sida loo abuuro.

Discover the Differences between Google Sheets and Microsoft Excel Workbooks

Xaashiyaha shaqadu waa qaybaha dhabta ah ee aad xogta geliso. Haddii ay fududahay in looga fikiro muuqaal ahaan, ka fikir xaashida shaqada inay yihiin tabsiyadaas. Waxaad ku dari kartaa tabs ama tirtiri kartaa tabs adigoo midig-gujinaya oo dooranaya ikhtiyaarka tirtirka. Xaashiyaha shaqadu waa xaashida faafinta dhabta ah ee aanu ku shaqayno waxaana lagu kaydiyaa faylka buuga shaqada.

Ribbon-ka^{(The Ribbon)}

Ribbonku wuxuu ku faafaa^(Ribbon) dhammaan arjiga Excel sida safafka gaaban, laakiin habab-gaaban oo muuqaal ahaan lagu matalo (oo wata sharraxaad qoraal ah). Tani waxay ku caawinaysaa markaad rabto inaad wax u qabato si gaaban iyo gaar ahaan marka aad u baahan tahay in lagaa caawiyo go'aaminta waxaad rabto inaad samayso.  

Waxaa jira kooxaysi kala duwan oo badhamada ribbon taaso ku xidhan qaybta/kooxda aad ka dooratay ikhtiyaarada liiska sare (ie Home , Geli^(Insert) , Data , Review , iwm) iyo fursadaha muuqaalka ah ee la soo bandhigay waxay la xidhiidhaan kooxahaas. 

Habka gaaban ee Excel^{(Excel Shortcuts)}

Jid-gaaban ayaa waxtar u leh in si dhakhso leh loogu dhex socdo software-ka Excel , markaa way caawinaysaa (laakin lama huraan ma aha) in la barto. Qaar ka mid ah iyaga ka mid ah waxaa lagu bartaa marka la arko qaababka gaaban ee ku taxan liiska noocyadii hore ee arjiga Excel ka dibna isku day naftaada.  

Siyaabo kale oo lagu barto gaagaabyada Excel^(Excel) waa in la eego liiskooda bogga internetka ee horumariyeyaasha Excel^{(website of the Excel developers)} . Xitaa haddii noocaaga Excel^(Excel) uusan soo bandhigin jid-gaabyada, intooda badan weli way shaqeeyaan.

Formulas vs. Functions

Hawlaha waxaa lagu dhisay awoodaha Excel waxaana loo adeegsadaa qaabab. Tusaale ahaan, haddii aad rabto inaad geliso qaacido xisaabisay wadarta tirooyinka unugyada kala duwan ee xaashida, waxaad isticmaali kartaa shaqada SUM () si aad taas u samayso.  

Wax badan oo ku saabsan shaqadan (iyo hawlo kale) xoogaa dheeraad ah oo ku saabsan maqaalkan.

Formula Bar

Bar qaacidadu waa meel ka hoosaysa Ribbon . Waxa loo isticmaalaa qaacidooyinka iyo xogta. Waxaad gelisaa xogta unugga waxayna sidoo kale ka soo muuqan doontaa baarka caanaha haddii aad mouse-kaagu ku jirto unuggaas.  

Markaan tixraacno baarka caanaha, waxaan si fudud u muujineynaa inaan ku qorno qaacidada goobtaas iyadoo la dooranayo unugga ku habboon (taas oo, mar kale, si toos ah u dhici doonta haddii aad doorato unugga oo aad bilowdo qorista).

Samaynta & Habaynta Tusaalaha Xaashida Shaqada^{(Creating & Formatting a Worksheet Example)}

Waxaa jira waxyaabo badan oo aad ku samayn karto xaashidaada shaqada ee Excel^{(Excel Worksheet)} . Waxaan ku siin doonaa qaar ka mid ah tillaabooyin tusaale ah inta aan ku socono maqaalkan si aad naftaada ugu tijaabiso.

Buug-hawleedka Koowaad^{(The First Workbook)}

Waa waxtar leh in lagu bilaabo Buug- hawleed^(Workbook) maran . Haddaba, horay u soco oo dooro Cusub^(New) . Tani way kala duwanaan kartaa, iyadoo ku xiran noocaada Excel^(Excel) , laakiin guud ahaan waxay ku taal aagga Faylka^(File) .

Fiiro gaar ah: Sawirka kore wuxuu leeyahay ka fur^(Open) xagga sare si aad u muujiso inaad ka heli karto Cusub^(New) (dhinaca bidix, oo lagu tilmaamay falaarta cagaaran) meel kasta. Kani waa sawirka Excel -ka cusub .

Markaad gujiso New waxaad u badan tahay inaad hesho tusaalayaal tusaaleyaal ah. Hababka laftoodu way ku kala duwanaan karaan noocyada Excel , laakiin waa inaad heshaa nooc ka mid ah xulashada.  

Hal dariiqo oo lagu barto sida loo isticmaalo Excel waa inaad ku ciyaarto qaab-dhismeedkaas oo aad aragto waxa ka dhigaya inay "ku saxdo". Maqaalkeena, waxaan ku bilaabaynaa dukumeenti maran oo aan ku ciyaareyno xogta iyo qaababka, iwm.  

Markaa horay u soco oo dooro ikhtiyaarka dukumeentiga madhan. Interface-ku wuu kala duwanaan doonaa, nooc ilaa nooc, laakiin waa inuu la mid noqdaa si fikradda loo helo. Wax yar ka dib waxaan sidoo kale soo dejin doonaa xaashi muunad kale oo Excel ah.^(Excel)

Gelida Xogta^{(Inserting the Data)}

Waxaa jira siyaabo badan oo kala duwan oo aad xogta ku geliso xaashida faafintaada (loo yaqaan xaashida shaqada). Hal dariiq ayaa ah inaad si fudud ugu qorto waxaad rabto meesha aad rabto. Dooro unugga gaarka ah oo hadda billow qorista.

Si kale ayaa ah in aad nuqul ka sameysato xogta ka dibna aad ku dhejiso xaashida faafinta^{(Spreadsheet)} . Dhab ahaantii, haddii aad nuqul ka samaynayso xogta aan ku jirin qaabka miiska waxa ay heli kartaa wax yar oo xiiso leh halka ay ku soo degto dukumeentigaaga. Laakiin nasiib wanaag waxaan mar walba tafatiran karnaa dukumeentiga oo koobi karnaa oo ku dhejin karnaa meel kale, haddii loo baahdo.

Waxaad hadda isku dayi kartaa habka koobi/ku dhejinta adiga oo dooranaya qayb ka mid ah maqaalkan, koobiyeeyay, ka dibna ku dhejinaya xaashida faaruqa ah.

Ka dib markaad doorato qaybta maqaalka oo aad nuqul ka sameysid, u gudub xaashidaada oo dhagsii unugga la rabo meesha aad rabto inaad ka bilowdo dhejiska oo samee. Habka kor lagu muujiyey ayaa isticmaalaya menu-ka midig-guji ka dibna xulashada "Paste" oo ah qaabka astaanta.

Waxaa suurtogal ah in aad qalad ka hesho marka aad isticmaalayso habka dhejiska lagu dhex dhisay ee Excel , xitaa hababka kale ee Excel -ku-dhisan sidoo kale. Nasiib wanaag, digniinta khaladka (korka) waxay kaa caawinaysaa inay kuu tilmaamto jihada saxda ah si aad u hesho xogta aad nuqul ka samaysay xaashida.

Marka la dhejiyo xogta, Excel waxay qabataa shaqo aad u fiican oo tarjumid ah. Tusaalahayaga, waxaan koobiyeeyay labada cutub ee ugu horreeya qaybtan oo Excel wuxuu ku soo bandhigay laba saf. Maadaama ay jirto meel bannaan oo dhab ah oo u dhaxaysa cutubyada, Excel ayaa sidoo kale soo saaray taas (oo saf maran). Haddii aad koobiyayso miis, Excel waxa uu qabtaa shaqo ka sii fiican oo lagu soo saari karo xaashida.

Sidoo kale, waxaad isticmaali kartaa badhanka ku jira Ribbon si aad u dhejiso. Dadka aragga ah, tani runtii waa mid waxtar leh. Waxaa ka muuqda sawirka hoose.

Noocyada qaarkood ee Excel (gaar ahaan noocyadii hore) waxay kuu oggolaanayaan inaad soo dejiso xogta (taas oo sida ugu fiican ugu shaqeysa faylal la mid ah ama CSV - qiyamka kala-saaran - faylalka). Qaar ka mid ah noocyada cusub ee Excel ma haystaan ​​ikhtiyaarkaas laakiin waxaad weli furi kartaa faylka kale (kan aad rabto inaad soo dejiso), adeegso dhammaan dooro^{(select all)} ka dibna koobi ka bixi oo ku dheji xaashidaada Excel .  

Marka la soo dejiyo la heli karo, guud ahaan waxaa laga helaa liiska Faylka^(File) . Nooca cusub ee Excel , waxaa laga yaabaa in lagugu wareejiyo garaafyo badan oo isticmaale marka aad gujiso File .  Kaliya^(Simply) dhagsii falaarta ku taal bidixda sare si aad ugu soo noqoto xaashidaada shaqo.

Isku xidhidhaynta^{(Hyperlinking)}

Isku xidhiddu^{(Hyperlinking)} waa mid fudud, gaar ahaan marka la isticmaalayo Ribbon . Waxaad ka heli doontaa badhanka hyperlink ee hoosta menu Geli ee noocyada cusub ee ^(Insert)Excel . Waxa kale oo laga yaabaa in lagu galo iyada oo loo marayo jid-gaaban sida Command-K .

Habaynta Xogta (Tusaale: Tirooyinka iyo Taariikhaha)^{(Formatting Data (Example: Numbers and Dates))}

Mararka qaarkood way ku caawinaysaa in la qaabeeyo xogta. Tani waxay si gaar ah run ugu tahay tirooyinka. Waa maxay sababtu? Mararka qaarkood nambaradu waxay si toos ah ugu dhacaan qaab guud (nooca default) kaas oo u eg qaabka qoraalka. Laakiin inta badan, waxaan rabnaa in nambaradayadu ay u dhaqmaan sida tirooyin.  

Tusaalaha kale wuxuu noqon karaa taariikhaha, kuwaas oo laga yaabo inaan rabno inaan qaabeyno si aan u hubinno in dhammaan taariikhaheena ay u muuqdaan kuwo joogto ah, sida 20200101 ama 01/01/20 ama qaab kasta oo aan u dooranno qaabka taariikhda.

Waxaad heli kartaa ikhtiyaarka aad ku qaabayn karto xogtaada siyaabo kala duwan, oo lagu muujiyay sawirada hoose.

Markaad gasho, dheh, qaabka nambarka^(Number) , waxaad yeelan doontaa dhawr ikhtiyaar. Ikhtiyaaradani waxay soo baxayaan markaad isticmaasho habka midig-guji. Markaad isticmaasho Ribbon , ikhtiyaaradaadu waxay ku yaalaan gudaha Ribbon . Dhammaan waxay kuxirantahay midka kuu fudud.  

Haddii aad isticmaalaysay Excel in muddo ah, habka midig-guji, oo leh sanduuqa wada-hadalka qaabka nambarada (hoos lagu muujiyey) ayaa laga yaabaa inay sahlanaato in la fahmo. Haddii aad ka cusub tahay ama aad ka badan tahay muuqaal, habka Ribbon ayaa laga yaabaa inuu sameeyo macno badan (oo aad u dhaqso badan in la isticmaalo). Labaduba waxay ku siinayaan ikhtiyaarada qaabaynta lambarada.

Haddii aad ku qorto wax u eg taariikhda, noocyada cusub ee Excel ayaa ku filan inay ka tarjumayaan taas Ribbon sida ka muuqata sawirka hoose.

Ribbon - ka waxaad ka dooran kartaa qaababka taariikhdaada. Tusaale ahaan, waxaad dooran kartaa taariikh gaaban ama taariikh dheer. Horey u soco oo tijaabi oo arag natiijooyinkaaga.

Qaabaynta Soo Bandhigida (Tusaale: Toosin Qoraalka)^{(Presentation Formatting (Example: Aligning Text))}

Waxa kale oo waxtar leh in la fahmo sida loo waafajiyo xogtaada, haddii aad rabto in dhammaanteed ay saf ugu jiraan bidix ama midig (ama la caddeeyo, iwm). Tan sidoo kale waxaa laga heli karaa Ribbon -ka .

Sida aad ka arki karto sawirada kore, toosinta qoraalka (sida midig, bidix, iwm.) waxay ku taal safka labaad ee xulashada Ribbon . Waxa kale oo aad dooran kartaa doorashooyin kale oo toosin ah (ie sare, hoose) gudaha Ribbon .  

Sidoo kale, haddii aad dareento, isku toosinta waxyaabaha sida tirooyinka waxaa laga yaabaa inaysan u ekaan mid sax ah marka la toosinayo bidix (halka ay qoraalku u eg yihiin) laakiin waxay u muuqataa mid ka sii fiican marka la toosiyo midig. Isku toosintu waxa ay aad ugu egtahay waxa aad ku arki karto codsiga habaynta kelmad.

Tiirarka & Safafka^{(Columns & Rows)}

Waa waxtar leh in la ogaado sida loola shaqeeyo, iyo sidoo kale hagaajinta ballaca iyo cabbirrada^{(adjust the width and dimensions)} , tiirarka iyo safafka. Nasiib wanaag, mar alla markii aad gacanta ku dhigto, way fududahay in la sameeyo.  

Waxaa jira laba qaybood oo lagu daro ama la tirtiro safafka ama tiirarka. Qaybta hore waa habka xulashada iyo tan kale waa midig-guji iyo doorashada gelin ama tirtirka ikhtiyaarka ah.  

Xusuusnow xogta aan ka soo guurinay maqaalkan oo aan ku dhejinay xaashida Excel ee bannaan ee tusaalaha kore? Waxaa laga yaabaa inaanan u baahnayn mar dambe markaa waxay tusaale fiican u tahay habka tirtiridda safafka.

Xusuusnow^(Remember) tillaabadayada ugu horreysa? Waxaan u baahanahay inaan doorano safafka. Horey u soco oo dhagsii nambarka safka ah (bidix ee unugga bidix ee sare) oo hoos u jiid jiirkaaga safka hoose ee aad rabto inaad tirtirto. Xaaladdan oo kale, waxaan dooranaynaa saddex saf.  

Kadib, qaybta labaad ee habraacayagu waa in aan gujino Delete Lines^{(Delete Rows)} oo aad daawato Excel tirtirto safafkaas.

Habka gelinta safku waa la mid laakiin maahan inaad doorato wax ka badan hal saf.  Excel ayaa go'aamin doona meesha aad gujiso meesha aad rabto inaad geliso safka.  

Si aad hawsha u bilowdo, guji lambarka safka ah ee aad rabto in aad ka hoosayso safka cusub. Tani waxay u sheegaysaa Excel inuu kuu doorto safka oo dhan. Laga soo bilaabo meesha aad joogto, Excel wuxuu gelin doonaa safka kor ku xusan. Waxaad sidaas ku samaynaysaa adigoo midig-gujinaya oo dooranaya Gelida Saf.^{(Insert Rows.)}

Sida aad kor ku arki karto, waxaan ku qornay 10 safka 10. Kadib, ka dib markaad doorato 10 ( safka 10), guji midigta, oo dooro Insert Rows , lambarka 10 ayaa hoos u dhacay hal saf. Waxay keentay in 10 ka ay hadda ku jiraan safka 11-aad.  

Tani waxay muujinaysaa sida safka la geliyey loo dul dhigay safka la doortay. Horey u soco oo isku day naftaada, si aad u aragto sida habka gelintu u shaqeeyo.

Haddii aad u baahan tahay in ka badan hal saf, waxaad sidaas samayn kartaa adiga oo dooranaya in ka badan hal saf oo tani waxay u sheegaysaa Excel inta aad rabto tiradaas ayaa la gelin doonaa korka lambarka safka ee la doortay.  

Sawirrada soo socdaa waxay muujinayaan tan qaab muuqaal ah, oo ay ku jiraan sida 10ku⁽¹⁰⁾ u soo degeen saddex saf, tirada saf ee la geliyey. 

Gelida iyo tirtirida tiirarku asal ahaan waa isku mid marka laga reebo inaad ka dooranayso xagga sare ( tiirarka) halka aad ka dooran lahayd bidix (safka).

Shaandheeyayaasha & Nuqullada^{(Filters & Duplicates)}

Marka aan haysano xog badan oo aan ku shaqeyno waxay naga caawineysaa haddii aan haysanno dhowr farsamooyin oo gacmahayaga ah si aan si sahlan ugu shaqeyno xogtaas.  

Tusaale ahaan, aan nidhaahno waxaad haysaa xog maaliyadeed oo farabadan laakiin waxaad u baahan tahay oo kaliya inaad eegto xog gaar ah. Hal dariiqo oo taas lagu sameeyo waa inaad isticmaasho Excel "Filter."

Marka hore, aan helno warqad shaqo oo Excel^{(Excel Worksheet)} ah oo soo bandhigaysa xog badan si aan u helno wax aan ku tijaabino tan (adigoon ku qorneyn dhammaan xogta lafteena). Waxaad ka soo dejisan kartaa muunad noocaas ah Microsoft^{(download just such a sample from Microsoft)} . Maskaxda ku hay in taasi ay tahay isku xirka tooska ah ee soo dejinta sidaa darteed faylka tusaalaha Excel waa inuu isla markiiba bilaabo soo dejinta markaad gujiso xiriirkaas.

Hadda oo aanu haysano dukumeenti, aynu eegno mugga xogta. Xoogaa, miyaanay ahayn? Fiiro gaar ah: sawirka kore wuxuu u ekaan doonaa xoogaa ka duwan waxa aad ku hayso faylkaaga muunada waana caadi. 

Aynu nidhaahno waxaad rabtay oo kaliya inaad aragto xogta Jarmalka^(Germany) . Isticmaal ikhtiyaarka "Filter" ee ku dhex jira Ribbon (hoosta "Home"). Waxaa lagu daraa ikhtiyaarka "Sort" ee dhanka midig (ee noocyada cusub ee Excel ). 

Hadda, u sheeg Excel fursadaha aad rabto. Xaaladdan oo kale, waxaan raadineynaa xogta Jarmalka^(Germany) oo ah waddanka la doortay.

Waxaad ogaan doontaa marka aad dooratid ikhtiyaarka shaandhada, fallaadho yar oo hoos-u-jiid ayaa ka muuqda tiirarka. Marka falaarta la doorto, waxaad haysataa dhawr ikhtiyaar, oo ay ku jiraan "Text Filters" doorashada oo aan isticmaaleyno. Waxaad haysataa ikhtiyaar aad ku kala sooci karto kor ama soo degaya.  

Waa macno sababta Excel uu kuwan ugu daro Ribbon maadaama dhammaan xulashooyinkan ay ka muuqdaan liiska hoos-u-jiidka. Waxaan dooran doonaa "Equals..." ee hoos yimaada "Filters Text."

Kadib markaan doorano waxa aan rabno inaan sameyno (kiiskan filter ), aan bixino macluumaadka / shuruudaha. Waxaan jeclaan lahayn inaan aragno dhammaan xogta Jarmalka^(Germany) si taasi waa waxa aan ku qorno sanduuqa. Markaas, guji "OK."

Waxaad ogaan doontaa in hadda aan aragno xogta Jarmalka^(Germany) oo keliya . Xogta waa la sifeeyay Xogta kale ayaa wali jirta. Way qarsoon tahay oo keliya. Waxaa iman doona wakhti aad rabto inaad joojiso shaandhada oo aad aragto dhammaan xogta.  Kaliya^(Simply) ku soo celi hoos-u-jiidka oo dooro inaad nadiifiso shaandhada, sida ka muuqata sawirka hoose.

Mararka qaarkood waxaad yeelan doontaa xog ururin oo ay ku jiraan xog nuqul ah. Aad bay u fududahay haddii aad haysato xog keli ah. Tusaale ahaan, maxaad u rabi lahayd isla diiwaanka xogta maaliyadeed ee saxda ah laba jeer (ama ka badan) ee xaashida shaqada ee Excel^{(Excel Worksheet)} ?  

Hoos^(Below) waxaa ku yaal tusaale kayd xog ah oo leh xoogaa xog ah oo soo noqnoqota (oo lagu muujiyay jaalle).

Si aad meesha uga saarto nuqullada (ama ka badan, sida kiiskan oo kale), ku billow adigoo gujinaya mid ka mid ah safafka u taagan xogta nuqulka ah (oo ka kooban xogta soo noqnoqonaysa). Tan waxa lagu muujiyay sawirka hoose.

Hadda, booqo tab ama qaybta "Data" oo halkaas, waxaad arki kartaa badhan ku yaal Ribbon oo leh "Ka saar Nuqullada." Guji taas

Qaybta hore ee habkani waxa ay ku siinaysaa sanduuq wada hadal la mid ah waxa aad ku aragto sawirka hoose.  Tan yuusan ku wareerin . ^(Don)Waxay si fudud ku waydiinaysaa tiirka aad eegayso marka la aqoonsanayo xogta nuqul ka mid ah.  

Tusaale ahaan, haddii aad leedahay dhowr saf oo isku magac ah iyo magac dambe laakiin asal ahaan ku liidata tiirarka kale (sida koobi/ku dheji bogga internetka tusaale ahaan) oo kaliya waxaad u baahan tahay safyo gaar ah magaca hore iyo kan dambe, waxaad dooran lahayd tiirarkaas si gibriish-ka laga yaabo in aanu noqon mid nuqul ahi aanu tixgalin u gelin in meesha laga saaro xogta xad-dhaafka ah.  

Xaaladdan oo kale, waxaan uga tagnay xulashada "dhammaan tiirarka" sababtoo ah waxaan haysanay safafka gacanta si aan u ogaano in dhammaan tiirarka ay isku mid yihiin tusaalahayada. (Waxaad ku samayn kartaa isla faylka tusaalaha Excel oo tijaabi.)

Kadib markaad riixdo "OK" sanduuqa wada-hadalka ee sare, waxaad arki doontaa natiijada, kiiskan, saddex saf ayaa loo aqoonsaday inay isku mid yihiin laba ka mid ahna waa laga saaray.

Hadda, xogta soo baxday (hoos lagu muujiyey) waxay ku habboon tahay xogta aan ku bilownay ka hor intaanan marin isku darka iyo saarista nuqullada.

Waxaad hadda baratay dhowr farsamo. Kuwani waxay si gaar ah waxtar u leeyihiin marka la macaamilayo xog-ururinta waaweyn. Horey u soco oo isku day badhamada kale ee aad ku aragto Ribbon oo arag waxay samaynayaan. Waxa kale oo aad nuqul ka samayn kartaa faylkaaga tusaalaha ah ee Excel haddii aad rabto inaad sii haysato foomkii asalka ahaa. Magaca beddel faylka aad soo dejisay oo dib u soo deji nuqul kale. Ama ku koobi faylka kombiyuutarkaaga.  

Waxa aan sameeyay waxa aan ku koobiyay tabka dhammaan xogta maaliyadeed (ka dib markii aan ku koobiyaynayo faylkayga tusaalaha kale, kii aan ku bilownay kaas waxa uu ahaa maran) iyo tab nuqul ka mid ah waxa aan haystay laba nooc oo aan ku ciyaaro sida la doono. Waxaad isku dayi kartaa tan adigoo isticmaalaya midig-guji tab oo dooro " Koobi^(Duplicate) ."

Qaabaynta Shuruudaha^{(Conditional Formatting)}

Qaybtan maqaalku waxay ku jirtaa qaybta abuurista Buug^(Workbook) -hawleedka sababtoo ah faa'iidooyinka soo bandhigida. Haddii ay u muuqato mid adag ama aad raadinayso hawlo iyo qaabab, ka bood qaybtan oo ku soo celi iyada wakhtiga firaaqada.

Qaabeynta^(Formatting) Shuruudaha ah waa mid anfacaya haddii aad rabto inaad muujiso xogta qaarkood. Tusaalahan, waxaanu isticmaaleynaa faylkayaga Tusaalaha Excel^{(Excel Example)} (oo wata dhammaan xogta maaliyadeed) oo aan raadino " Gross Sales" ee ka sarreeya $25,000. 

Si taas loo sameeyo, marka hore waa inaan muujinnaa kooxda unugyada aan rabno in la qiimeeyo. Hadda, maskaxda ku hay, ma rabto inaad muujiso dhammaan tiirka ama safka. Waxa kaliya oo aad rabto in aad muujiso kaliya unugyada aad rabto in lagu qiimeeyo. Haddii kale, unugyada kale (sida cinwaannada) ayaa sidoo kale la qiimeyn doonaa oo waxaad la yaabi doontaa waxa Excel ku sameeyo cinwaannadaas (tusaale ahaan).

Markaa, waxaanu haynaa iftiimiyay unugyada aanu doonayno oo hadda waxaanu gujinaa qaybta/kooxda “Guriga” ka dibna “Qaabka Qaabka Shuruuda ah.”

Marka aan gujino "Qaabka Shuruudaha ah" ee Ribbon , waxaan haysanaa doorashooyin. Xaaladdan oo kale waxaan rabnaa inaan iftiimino unugyada ka badan $ 25,000 markaa sidaas ayaan ku dooraneynaa, sida ka muuqata sawirka hoose.

Hadda waxaan arki doonaa sanduuqa wada hadalka waxaanan ku qori karnaa qiimaha sanduuqa. Waxaan ku qornaa 25000. Uma baahnid inaad ka walwasho hakadka ama wax kasta oo run ahaantii, way fiicantahay haddii aad kaliya ku qorto lambarka ceyriinka ah.

Ka dib marka aan gujino "OK" waxaan arki doonaa in beeruhu si toos ah u midabaysan yihiin sida ku xusan doorashadayada (midigta) gudaha "Ka Weyn" ee kor ku xusan sanduuqa wada hadalka. Xaaladdan oo kale, "Cas khafiif ah Buuxi Qoraal Casaan Madow ah^{(Dark Red Text)} ). Waxaan sidoo kale dooran karnaa doorasho bandhig oo ka duwan.

Qaabayntan shuruudaysan waa hab fiican oo lagu arko, jaleec, xogta muhiimka u ah hal mashruuc ama mid kale. Xaaladdan oo kale, waxaan arki karnaa "Qeybaha" (sida lagu tilmaamay faylka Tusaalaha Excel^{(Excel Example)} ) kuwaas oo awooday inay dhaafaan $ 25,000 ee Iibka Guud .^(Gross)

Ku Shaqeynta Foomamka iyo Hawlaha^{(Working With Formulas and Functions)}

Barashada sida loo isticmaalo hawlaha gudaha Excel waa mid aad waxtar u leh. Waxay yihiin mindhicirka aasaasiga ah ee qaababka. Haddii aad rabto inaad aragto liiska hawlaha si aad fikrad uga hesho waxa la heli karo, dhagsii "Geli" menu/koox ka dibna dhanka bidix ee fog, dooro "Function/Functions."

In kasta oo ujeedada badhanka Excel Ribbon ay tahay in la geliyo hawl dhab ah (taas oo sidoo kale lagu dhammayn karo in lagu dhejiyo baarka caanaha, laga bilaabo calaamad siman ka dibna bilaabaya in lagu qoro shaqada la rabo), waxaan sidoo kale isticmaali karnaa tan. si loo arko waxa la heli karo. Waxaad ku dhex wareegi kartaa hawlaha si aad u hesho fikrad ah waxa aad ku isticmaali karto qaacidooyinkaaga.  

Run ahaantii, aad bay waxtar u leedahay inaad si fudud u tijaabiso oo aad aragto waxay samaynayaan. Waxaad dooran kartaa kooxda aad rabto in aad daawato adiga oo dooranaya qayb, sida "Caadi Loo Isticmaalay" liiska shaqooyinka gaaban laakiin liiska inta badan la isticmaalo (oo shaqooyinka qaarkood lagu daboolay maqaalkan).

Waxaan ku isticmaali doonaa qaar ka mid ah shaqooyinkaas tusaalayaasha qaacidooyinka aan kaga hadlayno maqaalkan.

Equals ^{(The Equals )}=Saxeexa^{( Sign)}

Calaamadda isku midka ah ( = ) aad ayey muhiim ugu tahay gudaha Excel . Waxay ciyaartaa door lama huraan ah. Tani waxay si gaar ah run u tahay kiisaska qaacidooyinka.  Asal ahaan^(Basically) , ma haysatid qaacido adiga oo aan ka hor marin calaamad siman. Qaacidada la'aanteedna, waa si fudud xogta (ama qoraalka) aad gelisey unuggaas.  

Marka kaliya xasuuso ka hor inta aanad waydiisan Excel inuu kuu xisaabiyo ama kuu sameeyo wax kasta, inaad ku qorto calaamad siman ( = ) gudaha unugga.

Haddii aad ku darto calaamadda $, taasi waxay u sheegaysaa Excel inuusan dhaqaaqin caanaha. Caadi ahaan, hagaajinta otomaatiga ee qaacidooyinka (iyadoo la adeegsanayo waxa loo yaqaan tixraacyada unugga qaraabada ah), isbeddelada xaashida shaqada, waa shay waxtar leh laakiin mararka qaarkood waxaa laga yaabaa inaadan rabin oo calaamadda $, waxaad awood u leedahay inaad u sheegto Excel taas. Waxaad si fudud u gelisaa $ ka hor xarafka iyo lambarka tixraaca unugga.  

Markaa tixraac unug qaraabo ah oo ah D25 waxay noqotaa $D$25. Haddii qaybtani ay jahawareer tahay, ha ka welwelin. Waad ku soo noqon kartaa (ama ku ciyaari kartaa buug -shaqeedka bannaan ee Excel ).

The Awesome Ampersand >> &

Ampersand (&) waa qaacido yar oo madadaalo ah "qalab", taasoo kuu ogolaaneysa inaad isku darto unugyada. Tusaale ahaan, aan sheegno in aad leedahay tiir magacyo hore ah iyo tiir kale oo magacyo dambe ah oo aad rabto in aad u samayso tiir magaca oo buuxa ah. Waxaad isticmaali kartaa & si aad taas u sameyso.

Aynu isku dayno xaashida shaqada ee Excel^{(Excel Worksheet)} . Tusaale ahaan, aynu isticmaalno xaashi madhan si aynaan u joojin mashruuc kale. Hore u soco oo ku qor magacaaga koowaad A1 oo ku qor magacaaga dambe B1. Hadda, si aad isugu darto, dhagsii jiirkaaga unugga C1 oo ku qor caanahan:  =A1 & “ “ & B1 .  Fadlan^(Please) qaybta farta ku qoran kaliya isticmaal oo ha isticmaalin mid ka mid ah inta kale (sida isticmaalka muddada).  

Maxaad ku aragtaa C1? Waa inaad aragto magacaaga oo buuxa oo bannaan u dhexeeya magacyadaada hore iyo kan dambe, sida caadiga ah marka aad ku qorto magacaaga oo dhan. The &"" & qayb ka mid ah qaacidada waa waxa soo saaray booskaas. Haddi aanad ku darin "" waxa aad yeelan lahayd magacaagii hore iyo magacaa danbe iyada oo aan meel banaan u dhaxaysaa ( hore u soco oo isku day haddii aad rabto inaad aragto natiijada).

Nadaafad kale oo la mid ah waxay isticmaashaa CONCAT laakiin wax yar ka dib ayaan taas ka baran doonaa. Hadda, maskaxda ku hay waxa ampersand (&) kuu qaban karo maadaama tilmaantan yar ay ku habboon tahay xaalado badan.

Shaqada SUM()^{(SUM() Function)}

Shaqada SUM () aad bay u anfacaysaa waxayna qabataa waxa ay qeexayso. Waxay ku daraysaa nambarada aad u sheegayso Excel inay ku daraan waxayna ku siinaysaa wadarta qiimahooda. Tan waxaad ku samayn kartaa dhowr siyaabood oo kala duwan.

Waxaan ku bilownay in aan ku qorno tirooyinka qaar si aan u helnay xoogaa xog ah oo aan kaga shaqeyno isticmaalka shaqada. Waxaan si fudud u isticmaalnay 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 waxaana ku bilownay A1 oo ku qornay unug kasta oo hoos u sii socda A5.

Hadda, si aad u isticmaasho SUM (), ku billow adigoo gujinaya unugga la rabo, xaaladdan waxaan isticmaalnay A6, iyo ku qor =SUM (ee qaamuuska qaamuuska. Tusaalahan, joogso marka aad gaarto "(") ugu horreeya. Hadda, dhagsii A1 (unugga ugu sarreeya) oo u jiid jiirkaaga A5 (ama qaybta hoose ee ugu badan ee aad rabto inaad ku darto) ka dibna ku soo celi baarka caanaha oo ku qor xidhitaanka ")." Ha ku darin xilliyada ama calamadaha xigashada iyo kaliya qawladaha. 

Habka kale ee loo isticmaalo hawshan waa in aad gacanta ku qorto macluumaadka barta caanaha. Tani waxay si gaar ah waxtar u leedahay haddii aad haysato tiro aad u yar oo u guuritaan si aad u qabsato waa xoogaa adag tahay. Habkan ku bilow si la mid ah sidaad u samaysay tusaalaha sare, adigoo isticmaalaya "= SUM(."

Dabadeed, ku qor tixraaca unugga ugu sarreeya ee unugga. Xaaladdan oo kale, taasi waxay noqon doontaa A1. Ku dar mindhicirka (:) ka dibna ku qor tixraaca unugga ugu hooseeya ee unugga. Xaaladdan oo kale, taasi waxay noqon doontaa A5.

Celceliska() Shaqada^{(AVERAGE() Function)}

Maxaa dhacaya haddii aad rabto inaad ogaato celceliska koox tirooyinku wuxuu ahaa? Waxaad si fudud taas ku samayn kartaa celceliska^(AVERAGE) () shaqada. Waxaad ku ogaan doontaa, tillaabooyinka hoose, inay asal ahaan la mid tahay shaqada SUM () ee xagga sare balse leh hawl kale.  

Anagoo taas niyadda ku hayna, waxaynu ku bilaabaynaa in aynu doorano unugga aanu doonayno in aanu u isticmaalno natiijada (xaaladdan A6) ka dibna waxa aanu bilownaa in aan ku qorno calaamad la mid ah ( = ) iyo ereyga celceliska^(AVERAGE) . Waxa aad ogaan doontaa in marka aad bilowdo teebaynta in laguu soo jeedinayo talooyin oo aad riixi karto AVERAGE halkii aad ka qori lahayd ereyga oo dhan, haddii aad rabto.

Hubi in aad qaacadahaaga ku leedahay khaanad furan ka hor inta aynaan ku darin tirada unuggayada.  Haddii kale^(Otherwise) , waxaad heli doontaa qalad

Hadda oo aan haysano "=AVERAGE(" lagu qoray unuggayaga A6 (ama unugga aad u isticmaalayso natiijada) waxaan dooran karnaa tirada unugga ee aan doonayno inaan isticmaalno. Xaaladdan oo kale waxaan isticmaaleynaa A1 illaa A5.  

Maskaxda ku hay in aad sidoo kale ku qori karto gacanta halkii aad ka isticmaali lahayd jiirka si aad u doorato xadka. Haddii aad haysatid wax badan oo ku qorida xogta inta u dhaxaysa waxay u badan tahay inay ka sahlan tahay duubista loo baahan doono si loo doorto. Laakiin, dabcan, adiga ayay kugu xiran tahay.

Si aad hawsha u dhammaystirto si fudud ku qor khanadda xidhitaanka “)” oo waxaad heli doontaa celceliska shanta lambar. Sida aad arki karto, habkani wuxuu aad ugu eg yahay habka SUM () iyo hawlaha kale. Markaad hesho hal shaqo, kuwa kale way fududaan doonaan.

Shaqada COUNTIF ()^{(COUNTIF() Function)}

Aynu nidhaahno waxaan rabnay inaan tirinno inta jeer ee tiro cayiman ay ka muuqato xogta.  Marka hore^(First) , aan u diyaarino faylkayaga shaqadan si aan u helno wax aan tirino. Ka saar qaacido kasta oo laga yaabo inaad ku haysato A6. Hadda, ama koobi A1 ilaa A5 oo ku dheji ka bilaabma A6 ama si fudud ugu qor isla lambarada unugyada hoos u socda ee ka bilaabmaya A6 iyo qiimaha 1 ka dibna A7 leh 2, iwm.

Hadda, gudaha A11 aynu bilowno shaqadeena/qaabkayaga. Xaaladdan oo kale, waxaanu ku qori doonaa " =COUNTIF (." Kadib, waxaan dooran doonaa unugyada A1 ilaa A10 .

Hubi inaad ku qorto ama doorato "COUNTIF" oo aanad ka mid ahayn shaqooyinka kale ee COUNTIF ama ma heli doono natiijooyin isku mid ah.

Kahor inta aynaan samayn sida aynu ku haysano hawlaheena kale, oo aynaan ku qorin qawlka xidhitaanka “)” waxa aynu u baahannahay in aynu ka jawaabno su'aasha shuruudaha oo aynu ku qorno, ka bacdi comma “,” iyo ka hor qawlka “).”

Maxaa lagu qeexay "Shuruudaha"? Taasi waa meesha aan u sheegno Excel waxa aan rabno in la tiriyo (xaaladdan). Waxaan garaacnay comma ka dibna "5" kadibna xiritaanka xiritaanka si aan u helno tirada shanta (5) ee ka muuqda liiska tirooyinka. Natiijadu waxay noqon doontaa laba (2) maadaama ay jiraan laba dhacdo.

CONCAT ama CONCANTENATE () Hawsha^{(CONCAT or CONCANTENATE() Function)}

Si la mid ah tusaalaheenna adigoo isticmaalaya kaliya ampersand ( & ) ee ku jira qaacidadeena, waxaad isku dari kartaa unugyada adoo isticmaalaya shaqada CONCAT (). Horey u soco oo tijaabi, adoo isticmaalaya tusaalaheena isku mid ah.  

Ku qor magacaaga koowaad A1, magacaaga dambena ku qor B1. Markaa, C1 ku qor CONCAT (A1, “”, B1).

Waxaad arki doontaa inaad hesho natiijo la mid ah sidii aan ku samaynay ampersand (&). Dad badan ayaa isticmaala ampersand sababtoo ah way fududahay oo dhib yar, laakiin hadda waxaad arkaysaa inaad sidoo kale haysato ikhtiyaar kale.

Fiiro gaar ah: Shaqadani waxay noqon kartaa mid isku xidhan^{(CONCANTENATE)} nooca Excel .  Microsoft waxay magaca shaqada u soo gaabisay kaliya CONCAT taasina waxay u egtahay inay ku fududaanayso in lagu qoro (oo lagu xasuusto) noocyada dambe ee software-ka. Nasiib wanaag, haddii aad bilowdo inaad ku qorto CONCA bartaada^(CONCA) qaacidada (kadib calaamada siman), waxaad arki doontaa nooca nooca Excel uu isticmaalo oo aad dooran kartaa adigoo gujinaya jiirka.

Xusuusnow^(Remember) marka aad bilowdo inaad ku qorto, si aad u oggolaato nooca Excel inuu muujiyo shaqada saxda ah, kaliya ku qor "CONCA" (ama ka gaaban) oo ha qorin "CONCAN" (sida bilawga CONCANTENATE ) ama laga yaabo inaadan arkin Excel ' soo jeedinta maadaama ay taasi tahay meesha ay labada hawlood bilaabaan inay ku kala duwanaadaan.

Ha la yaabin haddii aad doorbidayso inaad isticmaasho habka isku darka ampersand (&) halkii aad ka isticmaali lahayd CONCAT (). Taasi waa caadi.

If/Then Formulas

Aynu nidhaahno waxaan rabnaa inaan isticmaalno If/Then Formula si aan u aqoonsanno qiimo dhimis^(Discount) (nooc qiimo dhimis labaad ah) oo ku jira tiirarka cusub ee faylkayaga Tusaalaha Excel . Xaaladdan oo kale, marka hore waxaan ku bilaabaynaa innagoo ku darayna tiir waxaanan ku daraynaa ka dib Tiirka F^{(Column F)} iyo ka hor Tiirka G^{(Column G)} (mar kale, faylka tusaalaha la soo dejiyay).

Hadda, waxaan ku qornaa qaacidada. Xaaladdan oo kale, waxaan ku qornaa F2 oo waa "=IF(E2>25000," DISCOUNT 2 "). Tani waxay buuxinaysaa waxa qaaciddada lagu raadinayo imtixaan (E2 ka weyn 25k) ka dibna natiijadu haddii lambarka E2 uu dhaafo imtixaankaas (" DISCOUNT 2 "). 

Hadda, koobi F2 oo ku dheji unugyada raacaya tiirka F.

Habkani waxa uu si toos ah u habayn doonaa unug kasta ( tixraaca unugga qaraabada ah), iyada oo la tixraacayo unugga ku habboon.  Xasuusnoow^(Remember) in haddii aadan rabin in uu si toos ah u hagaajiyo, waxaad ka hor mari kartaa alfa-ga unugga oo wata calaamad $ ah iyo sidoo kale lambarka, sida A1 waa $ A$1. 

Waxaad ka arki kartaa, sawirka kore, in "DISCOUNT 2" ay ka muuqato dhammaan unugyada tiirka F2. Tani waa sababta oo ah qaaciddada ayaa u sheegaysa inay eegto unugga E2 (oo ay matalaan $ E$2) oo aan lahayn unugyo qaraabo ah. Marka, marka qaacidada lagu koobiyeeyo unugga xiga (ie F3) waxay weli eegaysaa unugga E2 sababtoo ah calaamadaha dollarka. Markaa, dhammaan unugyadu waxay bixiyaan natiijo isku mid ah sababtoo ah waxay leeyihiin qaacido isku mid ah oo tixraacaya isla unug.

Sidoo kale, haddii aad rabto in qiimo lagu muujiyo halkii erayga, "BEEN," si fudud ugu dar comma ka dibna ereyga ama lambarka aad rabto inaad ka soo baxdo (qoraalku waa inuu ku jiraa xigashooyin) dhammaadka qaacidada, ka hor qawlka dhameeya.

Pro Tip: Use VLOOKUP: Search and find a value in a different cell based on some matching text within the same row.

Maareynta Mashaariicda Excel^{(Managing Your Excel Projects)}

Nasiib wanaag, qaabka dukumiintiyada Excel loo qaabeeyey, waxaad wax yar ku samayn kartaa Buugaaga Shaqada ee Excel^{(Excel Workbooks)} . Awoodda lagu haysto waraaqo shaqo oo kala duwan (tab) dukumeentigaaga waxay kuu ogolaanaysaa inaad haysato nuxurka la xidhiidha dhammaan hal fayl. Sidoo kale, haddii aad dareento inaad abuurayso shay laga yaabo inay leeyihiin qaabab si ka sii fiican u shaqeeya (ama ka sii xun) waxaad koobi karayn kartaa (riix-riix ikhtiyaarka) Xaashiyaha shaqada^(Worksheet) (tabs) si aad u hesho noocyo kala duwan oo waraaqdaada shaqo^(Worksheet) ah .  

Waxaad dib u magacaabi kartaa tab-yadaada oo aad isticmaali kartaa koodka taariikhda si aad u ogaato noocyada ugu cusub (ama ugu da'da weyn). Tani waa hal tusaale oo ah sida aad ugu isticmaali karto tabsyadaas faa'iidada aad ku maareyso mashaariicdaada Excel.

Waa kan tusaale ku saabsan magaca beddelka tabskaaga mid ka mid ah noocyada dambe ee Excel . Waxaad ku bilaabaysaa adigoo gujinaya tabka oo waxaad helaysaa natiijo la mid ah sawirka halkan: 

Haddii aadan helin jawaabtaas, taasi waa ok. Waxaa laga yaabaa inaad haysato nooc hore oo Excel ah laakiin xoogaa dareen ah ayay ku leedahay habka uu kuu ogolaanaya inaad bedesho tabsyada. Waxaad xaq u guji kartaa tab oo aad heli kartaa ikhtiyaarka ah inaad dib u magacawdo noocyadii hore ee Excel , sidoo kale, mararka qaarkoodna si fudud ugu qor midigta tab.

Excel wuxuu ku siinayaa fursado badan safarkaaga barashada sida loo isticmaalo Excel . Hadda waa waqtigii aad bixi lahayd oo aad isticmaali lahayd! Ku^(Have) raaxayso

Microsoft Excel Basics Tutorial – Learning How to Use Excel

In an article written in 2018, Robert Half, a company specializing in human resources and the fіnancial industry, wrote that 63% of financial firms continue to use Excel in a primary capacity.  Granted, that is not 100% and is actually considered to be a decline in usage! But considering the software is a spreadsheet software and not designed solely as financial industry software, 63% is still a significant portion of the industry and helps to illustrate how important Excel is.

Learning how to use Excel doesn’t have to be difficult. Taking it one step at a time will help you move from a novice to an expert (or at least closer to that point) – at your pace.

As a preview of what we are going to cover in this article, think worksheets, basic usable functions and formulas, and navigating a worksheet or workbook. Granted, we will not be covering every possible Excel function but we will cover enough that it gives you an idea of how to approach the others. 

Basic Definitions

It really is helpful if we cover a few definitions. More than likely, you have heard these terms (or already know what they are).  But we will cover them to be sure and be all set for the rest of the process in learning how to use Excel.

Workbooks vs. Worksheets

Excel documents are called Workbooks and when you first create an Excel document (the workbook), many (not all) Excel versions will automatically include three tabs, each with its own blank worksheet. If your version of Excel doesn’t do that, don’t worry, we will learn how to create them.

Discover the Differences between Google Sheets and Microsoft Excel Workbooks

The Worksheets are the actual parts where you enter the data.  If it is easier to think of it visually, think of the worksheets as those tabs. You can add tabs or delete tabs by right-clicking and choosing the delete option.  Those worksheets are the actual spreadsheets with which we work and they are housed in the workbook file.

The Ribbon

The Ribbon spreads across the Excel application like a row of shortcuts, but shortcuts that are represented visually (with text descriptions).  This is helpful when you want to do something in short order and especially when you need help determining what you want to do.  

There is a different grouping of ribbon buttons depending on which section/group you choose from the top menu options (i.e. Home, Insert, Data, Review, etc.) and the visual options presented will relate to those groupings. 

Excel Shortcuts

Shortcuts are helpful in navigating the Excel software quickly, so it is helpful (but not absolutely essential) to learn them.  Some of them are learned by seeing the shortcuts listed in the menus of the older versions of the Excel application and then trying them out for yourself.  

Another way to learn Excel shortcuts is to view a list of them on the website of the Excel developers.  Even if your version of Excel doesn’t display the shortcuts, most of them still work.

Formulas vs. Functions

Functions are built-in capabilities of Excel and are used in formulas.  For example, if you wanted to insert a formula that calculated the sum of numbers in different cells of a spreadsheet, you could use the function SUM() to do just that.  

More on this function (and other functions) a bit further on in this article.

Formula Bar

The formula bar is an area that appears below the Ribbon.  It is used for formulas and data. You enter the data in the cell and it will also appear in the formula bar if you have your mouse on that cell.  

When we reference the formula bar, we are simply indicating that we should type the formula in that spot while having the appropriate cell selected (which, again, will automatically happen if you select the cell and start typing).

Creating & Formatting a Worksheet Example

There are many things you can do with your Excel Worksheet.  We will give you some example steps as we go along in this article so you can try them out for yourself.

The First Workbook

It is helpful to start with a blank Workbook.  So, go ahead and select New.  This may vary, depending on your version of Excel, but is generally in the File area.

Note:  The above image says Open at the top to illustrate that you can get to the New (left-hand side, pointed to with the green arrow) from anywhere.  This is a screenshot of the newer Excel.

When you click on New you are more than likely going to get some example templates.  The templates themselves may vary between versions of Excel, but you should get some sort of selection.  

One way of learning how to use Excel is to play with those templates and see what makes them “tick”.  For our article, we are starting with a blank document and playing around with data and formulas, etc.  

So go ahead and select the blank document option.  The interface will vary, from version to version, but should be similar enough to get the idea. A little later we will also download another sample Excel sheet.

Inserting the Data

There are many different ways to get data into your spreadsheet (a.k.a. worksheet).  One way is to simply type what you want where you want it. Choose the particular cell and just start typing.

Another way is to copy data and then paste it into your Spreadsheet.  Granted, if you are copying data that is not in a table format it can get a little interesting as to where it lands in your document.  But fortunately we can always edit the document and recopy and paste elsewhere, as needed.

You can try the copy/paste method now by selecting a portion of this article, copying it, and then pasting into your blank spreadsheet.

After selecting the portion of the article and copying it, go to your spreadsheet and click on the desired cell where you want to start the paste and do so.  The method shown above is using the right-click menu and then selecting “Paste” in the form of the icon.

It is possible that you may get an error when using the Excel built-in paste method, even with the other Excel built-in methods as well.  Fortunately, the error warning (above) helps to point you in the right direction to get the data you copied into the sheet.

When pasting the data, Excel does a pretty good job of interpreting it. In our example, I copied the first two paragraphs of this section and Excel presented it in two rows.  Since there was an actual space between the paragraphs, Excel reproduced that as well (with a blank row). If you are copying a table, Excel does an even better job of reproducing it in the sheet.

Also, you can use the button in the Ribbon to paste.  For visual people, this is really helpful. It is shown in the image below.

Some versions of Excel (especially the older versions) allow you to import data (which works best with similar files or CSV – comma-separated values – files).  Some newer versions of Excel do not have that option but you can still open the other file (the one that you want to import), use a select all and then copy and paste it into your Excel spreadsheet.  

When import is available, it is generally found under the File menu.  In the new version(s) of Excel, you may be rerouted to more of a graphical user interface when you click on File.  Simply click the arrow in the top left to return back to your worksheet.

Hyperlinking

Hyperlinking is fairly easy, especially when using the Ribbon.  You will find the hyperlink button under the Insert menu in the newer Excel versions.  It may also be accessed via a shortcut like command-K.

Formatting Data (Example: Numbers and Dates)

Sometimes it is helpful to format the data.  This is especially true with numbers. Why? Sometimes numbers automatically fall into a general format (sort of default) which is more like a text format. But often, we want our numbers to behave as numbers.  

The other example would be dates, which we may want to format to ensure that all of our dates appear consistent, like 20200101 or 01/01/20 or whatever format we choose for our date format.

You can access the option to format your data in a couple of different ways, shown in the below images.

Once you have accessed, say, the Number format, you will have several options.  These options appear when you use the right-click method.  When you use the Ribbon, your options are right there in the Ribbon.  It all depends on which is easier for you.  

If you have been using Excel for a while, the right-click method, with the resulting number format dialog box (shown below) may be easier to understand.  If you are newer or more visual, the Ribbon method may make more sense (and much quicker to use). Both provide you with number formatting options.

If you type anything that resembles a date, the newer versions of Excel are nice enough to reflect that in the Ribbon as shown in the below image.

From the Ribbon you can select formats for your date.  For example, you can choose a short date or a long date.  Go ahead and try it and view your results.

Presentation Formatting (Example: Aligning Text)

It is also helpful to understand how to align your data, whether you want it all to line up to the left or to the right (or justified, etc).  This too can be accessed via the Ribbon.

As you can see from the images above, the alignment of the text (i.e. right, left, etc.) is on the second row of the Ribbon option.  You can also choose other alignment options (i.e. top, bottom) in the Ribbon.  

Also, if you notice, aligning things like numbers may not look right when aligned left (where text looks better) but does look better when aligned right.  The alignment is very similar to what you would see in a word processing application.

Columns & Rows

It is helpful to know how to work with, as well as adjust the width and dimensions of, columns and rows.  Fortunately, once you get the hang of it, it is fairly easy to do.  

There are two parts to adding or deleting rows or columns.  The first part is the selection process and the other is the right-click and choosing the insert or delete option.  

Remember the data we copied from this article and pasted into our blank Excel sheet in the above example?  We probably don’t need it anymore so it is a perfect example for the process of deleting rows.

Remember our first step?  We need to select the rows.  Go ahead and click on the row number (to the left of the top left cell) and drag downward with your mouse to the bottom row that you want to delete.  In this case, we are selecting three rows.  

Then, the second part of our procedure is to click on Delete Rows and watch Excel delete those rows.

The process for inserting a row is similar but you do not have to select more than one row.  Excel will determine where you click is where you want to insert the row.  

To start the process, click on the row number that you want to be below the new row.  This tells Excel to select the entire row for you. From the spot where you are, Excel will insert the row above that.  You do so by right-clicking and choosing Insert Rows.

As you can see above, we typed 10 in row 10.  Then, after selecting 10 (row 10), right-clicking, and choosing Insert Rows, the number 10 went down one row.  It resulted in the 10 now being in row 11.  

This demonstrates how the inserted row was placed above the selected row.  Go ahead and try it for yourself, so you can see how the insertion process works.

If you need more than one row, you can do so by selecting more than one row and this tells Excel how many you want and that quantity will be inserted above the row number selected.  

The following pictures show this in a visual format, including how the 10 went down three rows, the number of rows inserted. 

Inserting and deleting columns is basically the same except that you are selecting from the top (columns) instead of the left (rows).

Filters & Duplicates

When we have a lot of data to work with it helps if we have a couple of tricks up our sleeves in order to more easily work with that data.  

For example, let’s say you have a bunch of financial data but you only need to look at specific data.  One way to do that is to use an Excel “Filter.”

First, let’s find an Excel Worksheet that presents a lot of data so we have something to test this on (without having to type all of the data ourselves).  You can download just such a sample from Microsoft. Keep in mind that that is the direct link to the download so the Excel example file should start downloading right away when you click on that link.

Now that we have the document, let’s look at the volume of data.  Quite a bit, isn’t it? Note: the image above will look a bit different from what you have in your sample file and that is normal. 

Let’s say you only wanted to see data from Germany.  Use the “Filter” option in the Ribbon (under “Home”).  It is combined with the “Sort” option towards the right (in the newer Excel versions). 

Now, tell Excel what options you want.  In this case, we are looking for data on Germany as the selected country.

You will notice that when you select the filter option, little pull-down arrows appear in the columns.  When an arrow is selected, you have several options, including the “Text Filters” option that we will be using.  You have an option to sort ascending or descending.  

It makes sense why Excel combines these in the Ribbon since all of these options appear in the pull-down list.  We will be selecting the “Equals…” under the “Text Filters.”

After we select what we want to do (in this case Filter), let’s provide the information/criteria.  We would like to see all the data from Germany so that is what we type in the box. Then, click “OK.”

You will notice that now we only see data from Germany.  The data has been filtered. The other data is still there.  It is just hidden from view. There will come a time when you want to discontinue the filter and see all of the data.  Simply return to the pull-down and choose to clear the filter, as shown in the below image.

Sometimes you will have data sets that include duplicate data.  It is much easier if you only have singular data. For example, why would you want the exact same financial data record twice (or more) in your Excel Worksheet?  

Below is an example of a data set that has some data that is repeated (shown highlighted in yellow).

To remove duplicates (or more, as in this case), start by clicking on one of the rows that represents the duplicate data (that contains the data that is repeated).  This is shown in the below image.

Now, visit the “Data” tab or section and from there, you can see a button on the Ribbon that says “Remove Duplicates.” Click that.

The first portion of this process presents you with a dialog box similar to what you see in the below image.  Don’t let this confuse you. It is simply asking you which column to look at when identifying the duplicate data.  

For example, if you had several rows with the same first and last name but basically gibberish in the other columns (like a copy/paste from a website for example) and you only needed unique rows for the first and last name, you would select those columns so that the gibberish that may not be duplicate does not come into consideration in removing the excess data.  

In this case, we left the selection as “all columns” because we had duplicated rows manually so we knew that all of the columns were exactly the same in our example.  (You can do the same with the Excel example file and test it.)

After you click “OK” on the above dialog box, you will see the result and in this case, three rows were identified as matching and two of them were removed.

Now, the resulting data (shown below) matches the data we started with before we went through the addition and removal of duplicates.

You have just learned a couple tricks.  These are especially helpful when dealing with larger data sets.  Go ahead and try some other buttons that you see on the Ribbon and see what they do.  You can also duplicate your Excel example file if you want to retain the original form.  Rename the file you downloaded and re-download another copy. Or duplicate the file on your computer.  

What I did was duplicate the tab with all of the financial data (after copying it into my other example file, the one we started with that was blank) and with the duplicate tab I had two versions to play with at will.  You can try this by using the right-click on the tab and choosing “Duplicate.”

Conditional Formatting

This part of the article is included in the section on creating the Workbook because of its display benefits.  If it seems a little complicated or you are looking for functions and formulas, skip this section and come back to it at your leisure.

Conditional Formatting is handy if you want to highlight certain data.  In this example, we are going to use our Excel Example file (with all of the financial data) and look for the “Gross Sales” that are over $25,000. 

In order to do this, we first have to highlight the group of cells that we want evaluated.  Now, keep in mind, you do not want to highlight the entire column or row. You only want to highlight just the cells that you want evaluated.  Otherwise, the other cells (like headings) will also be evaluated and you would be surprised what Excel does with those headings (as an example).

So, we have our desired cells highlighted and now we click on the “Home” section/group and then “Conditional Formatting.”

When we click on “Conditional Formatting” in the Ribbon, we have some options.  In this case we want to highlight the cells that are greater than $25,000 so that is how we make our selection, as shown in the below image.

Now we will see a dialog box and we can type the value in the box.  We type 25000. You don’t have to worry about commas or anything and in fact, it works better if you just type in the raw number.

After we click “OK” we will see that the fields are automatically colored according to our choice (to the right) in our “Greater Than” above dialog box.  In this case, “Light Red Fill with Dark Red Text). We could have chosen a different display option as well.

This conditional formatting is a great way to see, at a glance, data that is essential for one project or another.  In this case, we could see the “Segments” (as they are referred to in the Excel Example file) that have been able to exceed $25,000 in Gross Sales.

Working With Formulas and Functions

Learning how to use functions in Excel is very helpful.  They are the basic guts of the formulas. If you want to see a listing of the functions to get an idea of what is available, click on the “Insert” menu/group and then at the far left, choose “Function/Functions.”

Even though the purpose of this button in the Excel Ribbon is to insert an actual function (which can also be accomplished by typing in the formula bar, starting with an equals sign and then starting to type the desired function), we can also use this to see what is available.  You can scroll through the functions to get a sort of idea of what you can use in your formulas.  

Granted, it is also very helpful to simply try them out and see what they do.  You can select the group that you want to peruse by choosing a category, like “Commonly Used” for a shorter list of functions but a list that is often used (and for which some functions are covered in this article).

We will be using some of these functions in the examples of the formulas we discuss in this article.

The Equals = Sign

The equals sign ( = ) is very important in Excel.  It plays an essential role. This is especially true in the cases of formulas.  Basically, you don’t have a formula without preceding it with an equals sign. And without the formula, it is simply the data (or text) you have entered in that cell.  

So just remember that before you are asking Excel to calculate or automate anything for you, that you type an equals sign ( = ) in the cell.

If you include a $ sign, that tells Excel not to move the formula.  Normally, the auto adjustment of formulas (using what is called relative cell references), to changes in the worksheet, is a helpful thing but sometimes you may not want it and with that $ sign, you are able to tell Excel that.  You simply insert the $ in front of the letter and number of the cell reference.  

So a relative cell reference of D25 becomes $D$25.  If this part is confusing, don’t worry about it. You can come back to it (or play with it with an Excel blank workbook).

The Awesome Ampersand >> &

The ampersand ( & ) is a fun little formula “tool,” allowing you to combine cells.  For example, let’s say that you have a column for first names and another column for last names and you want to create a column for the full name.  You can use the & to do just that.

Let’s try it in an Excel Worksheet.  For this example, let’s use a blank sheet so we don’t interrupt any other project.  Go ahead and type your first name in A1 and type your last name in B1. Now, to combine them, click your mouse on the C1 cell and type this formula:  =A1 & “ “ & B1.  Please only use the part in italics and not any of the rest of it (like not using the period).  

What do you see in C1?  You should see your full name complete with a space between your first and last names, as would be normal in typing your full name.  The & “ “ & portion of the formula is what produced that space. If you had not included “ “ you would have had your first name and last name without a space between them (go ahead and try it if you want to see the result).

Another similar formula uses CONCAT but we will learn about that a little later.  For now, keep in mind what the ampersand ( & ) can do for you as this little tip comes in handy in many situations.

SUM() Function

The SUM() function is very handy and it does just what it describes.  It adds up the numbers you tell Excel to include and gives you the sum of their values.  You can do this in a couple of different ways.

We started by typing in some numbers so we had some data to work with in the use of the function.  We simply used 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and started in A1 and typed in each cell going downward toward A5.

Now, to use the SUM() function, start by clicking in the desired cell, in this case we used A6, and typing =SUM( in the formula bar.  In this example, stop when you get to the first “(.” Now, click in A1 (the top-most cell) and drag your mouse to A5 (or the bottom-most cell you want to include) and then return to the formula bar and type the closing “).”  Do not include the periods or quotation marks and just the parentheses. 

The other way to use this function is to manually type the information in the formula bar.  This is especially helpful if you have quite a few numbers and scrolling to grab them is a bit difficult.  Start this method the same way that you did for the example above, with “=SUM(.”

Then, type the top-most cell’s cell reference.  In this case, that would be A1. Include a colon ( : ) and then type the bottom-most cell’s cell reference. In this case, that would be A5.

AVERAGE() Function

What if you wanted to figure out what the average of a group of numbers was?  You can easily do that with the AVERAGE() function. You will notice, in the steps below, that it is basically the same as the SUM() function above but with a different function.  

With that in mind, we start by selecting the cell we want to use for the result (in this case A6) and then start typing with an equals sign ( = ) and the word AVERAGE.  You will notice that as you begin typing it you are offered suggestions and can click on AVERAGE instead of typing the full word, if you like.

Ensure that you have an opening parenthesis in your formula before we add our cell range.  Otherwise, you will receive an error.

Now that we have “=AVERAGE(“ typed in our A6 cell (or whichever cell you are using for the result) we can select the cell range that we want to use.  In this case we are using A1 through A5.  

Keep in mind that you can also type it in manually rather than using the mouse to select the range.  If you have a large data set typing in the range is probably easier than the scrolling that would be required to select it.  But, of course, it is up to you.

To complete the process simply type in the closing parenthesis “)” and you will receive the average of the five numbers.  As you can see, this process is very similar to the SUM() process and other functions. Once you get the hang of one function, the others will be easier.

COUNTIF() Function

Let’s say we wanted to count how many times a certain number shows up in a data set.  First, let’s prepare our file for this function so that we have something to count. Remove any formula that you may have in A6.  Now, either copy A1 through A5 and paste starting in A6 or simply type the same numbers in the cells going downward starting with A6 and the value of 1 and then A7 with 2, etc.

Now, in A11 let’s start our function/formula.  In this case, we are going to type “=COUNTIF(.”  Then, we will select cells A1 through A10.

Be sure that you type or select “COUNTIF” and not one of the other COUNT-like functions or we will not get the same result.

Before we do like we have with our other functions, and type the closing parenthesis “)” we need to answer the question of criteria and type that, after a comma “,” and before the parenthesis “).”

What is defined by the “criteria?”  That is where we tell Excel what we want it to count (in this case).  We typed a comma and then a “5” and then the closing parenthesis to obtain the count of the number of fives (5) that appear in the list of numbers.  That result would be two (2) as there are two occurrences.

CONCAT or CONCANTENATE() Function

Similar to our example using just the ampersand ( & ) in our formula, you can combine cells using the CONCAT() function.  Go ahead and try it, using our same example.  

Type your first name in A1 and your last name in B1.  Then, in C1 type CONCAT(A1, “ “ , B1).

You will see that you get the same result as we did with the ampersand (&).  Many people use the ampersand because it is easier and less cumbersome but now you see that you also have another option.

Note: This function may be CONCANTENATE in your version of Excel.  Microsoft shortened the function name to just CONCAT and that tends to be easier to type (and remember) in the later versions of the software.  Fortunately, if you start typing CONCA in your formula bar (after the equals sign), you will see which version your version of Excel uses and can select it by clicking on it with the mouse..

Remember that when you start to type it, to allow your version of Excel to reveal the correct function, to only type “CONCA” (or shorter) and not “CONCAN” (as the start for CONCANTENATE) or you may not see Excel’s suggestion since that is where the two functions start to differ.

Don’t be surprised if you prefer to use the merge method with the ampersand (&) instead of CONCAT().  That is normal.

If/Then Formulas

Let’s say we want to use an If/Then Formula to identify Discount (sort of a second discount) amount in a new column in our Example Excel file.  In that case, first we start by adding a column and we are adding it after Column F and before Column G (again, in our downloaded example file).

Now, we type in the formula.  In this case, we type it in F2 and it is “=IF(E2>25000, “DISCOUNT 2”).  This fulfills what the formula is looking for with a test (E2 greater than 25k) and then a result if the number in E2 passes that test (“DISCOUNT 2”). 

Now, copy F2 and paste in the cells that follow it in the F column.

The formula will automatically adjust for each cell (relative cell referencing), with a reference to the appropriate cell.  Remember that if you do not want it to automatically adjust, you can precede the cell alpha with a $ sign as well as the number, like A1 is $A$1. 

You can see, in the image above, that “DISCOUNT 2” appears in all of the cells in the F2 column.  This is because the formula tells it to look at the E2 cell (represented by $E$2) and no relative cells.  So, when the formula is copied to the next cell (i.e. F3) it is still looking at the E2 cell because of the dollar signs.  So, all of the cells give the same result because they have the same formula referencing the same cell.

Also, if you want a value to show up instead of the word, “FALSE,” simply add a comma and then the word or number that you want to appear (text should be in quotes) at the end of the formula, before the ending parenthesis.

Pro Tip: Use VLOOKUP: Search and find a value in a different cell based on some matching text within the same row.

Managing Your Excel Projects

Fortunately, with the way that Excel documents are designed, you can do quite a bit with your Excel Workbooks.  The ability to have different worksheets (tabs) in your document allows you to have related content all in one file.  Also, if you feel that you are creating something that may have formulas that work better (or worse) you can copy (right-click option) your Worksheets (tabs) to have various versions of your Worksheet.  

You can rename your tabs and use date codes to let you know which versions are the newest (or oldest).  This is just one example of how you can use those tabs to your advantage in managing your Excel projects.

Here is an example of renaming your tabs in one of the later versions of Excel.  You start by clicking on the tab and you get a result similar to the image here: 

If you do not receive that response, that is ok.  You may have an earlier version of Excel but it is somewhat intuitive in the way that it allows you to rename the tabs.  You can right-click on the tab and get an option to “rename” in the earlier versions of Excel, as well, and sometimes simply type right in the tab.

Excel provides you with so many opportunities in your journey in learning how to use Excel.  Now it is time to go out and use it! Have fun.

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