Shuruudaha sida NTFS iyo nidaamyada faylalka FAT ayaa^{(NTFS and FAT file systems)} laga yaabaa inay ula muuqdaan qaar la mid ah. Tani waa sababta oo ah qaar badan oo naga mid ah kama warqabno qeexida saxda ah ee erayadan. Maqaalkan, waxaan isku dayi doonaa inaan ka jawaabno dhowr su'aalahan sida - Waa maxay FAT , FAT32 , ex FAT iyo NTFS nidaamka^(NTFS) faylka, iyo maxay ku kala duwan yihiin iyaga.

NTFS vs FAT vs FAT32 vs exFAT

Nidaamyada NTFS iyo FAT labadaba waxaa lagu isticmaalaa nidaamka hawlgalka, laakiin NTFS waxay taageertaa fayl weyn iyo cabbirka mugga waxayna bixisaa ururin xog hufan marka la barbardhigo nidaamyada kale ee faylka.

Waa maxay FAT , FAT32 , ex FAT & NTFS nidaamyada faylka

NTFS iyo FAT waa nidaam faylal ah oo ka dhigan farsamada habaynta iyo kaydinta xogta wadista. Nidaamyada faylalkani waxay sidoo kale qeexayaan nooca sifooyinka lagu dhejin karo faylka sida filenames, ogolaanshaha, sifooyinka kale.

Nidaamka faylka FAT

Soo gaabinta FAT waxay u taagan tahay Jadwalka Qoondaynta Faylka^{( File Allocation Table)} . Waa nidaam faylal fudud oo asal ahaan loogu talagalay saxanadaha yaryar iyo qaab-dhismeedka galka fudud. Marka la soo koobo, waa habka abaabulka, miiska qoondaynta faylka, kaas oo ku yaala bilawga mugga. Haddii ay dhacdo nasiib darro, laba koobi oo miiska ah ayaa lagu hayaa si loo ilaaliyo mugga.

FAT32 waa heerka de-facto. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa jira xaddidid heerkan. Faylasha shaqsiga ah ee ku jira darawalka FAT32 kama dhaafi karaan xadka cabbirka 4 GB. Sidoo kale, qaybta FAT32 waa inay ka yaraataa 8 TB. Tani waa sababta FAT32 loogu tixgeliyo inay ku habboon tahay darawallada USB -ga ama warbaahinta dibadda laakiin maaha mid gudaha ah.

nidaamka faylka exFAT

Sida magacaba ka muuqata, exFAT waa soo gaabinta ' Shaxda Qoondaynta Faylka La Dheereeyay^{(Extended File Allocation Table)} '. Waa nooc la cusboonaysiiyay oo FAT32 ah oo ay abuurtay Microsoft . Waxay la mid tahay nidaamka faylalka FAT32 laakiin ma laha xadka nidaamka faylka FAT32 , ie; waxay u ogolaataa isticmaalayaasha inay kaydiyaan faylal aad uga weyn 4 GB ee ay ogolaatay FAT32 .

Nidaamka faylka NTFS

NTFS waxaa inta badan la abuuray iyada oo ujeedadu ahayd in meesha laga saaro xaddidaadda nidaamyada faylka FAT . Sido kale, awood amni adag. Sidan oo kale, nidaamka faylka NTFS wuxuu ka hortagayaa gelitaanka aan la ogalayn ee faylalka ku jira isaga oo dhaqan gelinaya nidaamka sirta ah ee lagu magacaabo Nidaamka Faylka Sireeynta^{(Encryption File System)} kaas oo adeegsada amniga-furaha dadweynaha.

Marka laga reebo kuwa kore, nidaamka faylka FAT ma furi karo faylasha leh magacyo faylal ah isagoo isticmaalaya xarfo aan Ingiriisi ahayn. Xaddidaaddan waxa meesha ka saaray NTFS . Waxay isticmaali kartaa xarfo kasta oo UTF ah. Sidan oo kale, si fudud ayaa loogu magacaabi karaa iyadoo la adeegsanayo luqadaha adag sida Hindi , Kuuriyaan^(Korean) , ama Cyrillic .

Akhriso^(Read) : Qaab Degdeg ah vs Qaab Buuxa oo la^{(Quick Format vs Full Format)} sharaxay.

Farqiga u dhexeeya NTFS , FAT , FAT32 iyo nidaamyada faylka hore ee FAT

Nidaamka dufanka^(FAT) , marka uu taageero ugu badan, wuxuu fayl gareeyaa ilaa 4GB cabbir ahaan. NTFS waxay lahaan kartaa ilaa 16 TB. NTFS waa dhakhso badan yahay, waxay ogolaataa magacyada faylalka la dheereeyay, jilayaasha ajnabiga ah & waxay siisaa ilaalin korodhay oo leh sirta faylka. FAT kuma habboona noocii dhawaa ee Windows & waxaa ka maqan sifooyin ammaan oo laga helay nidaamka faylka NTFS ee casriga ah. ^(NTFS)Farqiga kale waa:

NTFS

• Taageerada darawalada ka badan 40GB ilaa 2TB faylal ka badan GB.
• Oggolow magacyada faylka la dheereeyey, xuruuf shisheeye.
• Waxa uu leeyahay nidaam dayactir oo aad u naafoobay chkdsk.
• Chkdsk waa mid gaabis ah oo caan ah.
• Nabadgelyada la kordhiyey ee leh sirta faylka
• Xawaaraha dheereeya ee ka yar 40GB.
• Kooxaha faylalka yaryar, 4kb.
• Cadaadis si loo yareeyo booska diskka.
• Oggolaanshaha isticmaale^(User) ee faylasha iyo galka
• Nuqullada faylka waa la "la noqday" haddii kooxdu go'day la nadiifiyo.
• Faylasha yaryar waxaa lagu hayaa shaxda faylka Masterka^(Master) ee bilowga wadista.

BARUUR

• Aan ku habboonayn nooca u dambeeyay ee Windows
• Taageerada wadista in ka badan 32MB ilaa 2TB
• Waxay muujisaa adeegaha soo kabashada ee ka sii wanaagsan oo is-dhexgal leh
• Hubi in hawsha Disk-gu ay tahay mid degdeg ah
• Kaliya meel bannaan oo OS ah si uu u akhriyo faylasha
• Ku dhaqsiyaha badan ee wadoyinka wax ka yar 10GB ( xajmiga kooxda dufanka 16^{(FAT 16)} waa 32kb)
• Silsilada kooxda oo ay ku jiraan xogta nuqullo la joojiyay ayaa lagu calaamadeeyay inay yihiin kuwo burburay
• Jadwalka Faylka Master^{(Master File)} -ka wuu ka duwan yahay faylalka.

FAT 32

• Waxaa ka maqan^(Lacks) sifooyin ammaan oo laga helay nidaamka faylka NTFS ee casriga ah.^(NTFS)
• Ku guul darraysa in la rakibo noocyada casriga ah ee Windows (Maadaama faylka uu cabbirkiisu weyn yahay waxaana lagu rakibi karaa darawallada lagu qaabeeyey NTFS ).

exFAT

• ExFAT drives waxaa laga heli karaa Linux iyadoo la rakibayo software ku habboon.
• La shaqeeya dhammaan noocyada Windows iyo noocyada casriga ah ee Mac OS X .

Waxaan rajeynayaa in tani ay caddaynayso arrinta.

Akhriso degdeg ah^{(Quick read)} : Sida loo beddelo cabbirka kooxda Hard Disk-ga^{(How to change Hard Disk Cluster Size)} .

Difference between NTFS, FAT, FAT32 and exFAT file systems

Terms like NTFS and FAT file systems may appear synonymous to some. This is because many of us are not aware of the precise definition of these terms. In this post, we’ll attempt to answer a few of these questions like – What are FAT, FAT32, exFAT and NTFS file systems, and what are the difference between them.

NTFS vs FAT vs FAT32 vs exFAT

Both NTFS and FAT file systems are used in an operating system, but NTFS supports large file and volume size and provides efficient data organization in comparison to the other file systems.

What are FAT, FAT32, exFAT & NTFS file systems

NTFS and FAT are a file system that represents a technique of organizing and storing the data on the drive. These file systems also specify what type of attributes can be attached to a file such as filenames, permission, other attributes.

FAT file system

The acronym FAT stands for File Allocation Table. It is a simple file system designed originally for small disks and simple folder structures. In short, it is a method of organization, a file allocation table, which resides at the beginning of the volume. In the event of misfortune, two copies of the table are kept to protect the volume.

FAT32 is the de-facto standard. However, there’s a limitation of this standard. Individual files on a FAT32 drive cannot exceed 4 GB size limit. Also, FAT32 partition must be less than 8 TB. This is the reason why FAT32 is considered suitable for USB flash drives or external media but not for an internal drive.

exFAT file system

As the name suggests, exFAT is the abbreviation for ‘Extended File Allocation Table‘. It is an upgraded version of FAT32 created by Microsoft. It is similar to the FAT32 files system but does not have the limits of the FAT32 file system, i.e.; it allows users to store files much larger than the 4 GB allowed by FAT32.

NTFS file system

NTFS was mainly created with the intent of removing the limitations of the FAT file systems. Also, enable robust security. As such, the NTFS file system prevents unauthorized access to file contents by enforcing an encryption system named Encryption File System which uses public-key security.

Apart from the above, the FAT file system cannot open files with file names using non-English letters. This limitation is removed by NTFS. It can use any UTF characters. As such, it can easily be named using even difficult languages like Hindi, Korean, or Cyrillic.

Read: Quick Format vs Full Format explained.

Difference between NTFS, FAT, FAT32 & exFAT file systems

The FAT system, at the most supports, files up to 4GB in size. NTFS can have files up to 16 TB. NTFS is faster, allows extended file names, foreign characters & offers increased security with file encryption. FAT is Not compatible with the recent version of Windows & lacks security features found in the more modern NTFS file system. The other differences are:

NTFS

• Support for Drives over 40GB to 2TB Files over GB.
• Allows extended file names, foreign characters.
• Has a severely crippled maintenance system in chkdsk.
• Chkdsk is notoriously slow.
• Increased security with file encryption
• Faster on drives less than 40GB.
• Smaller file clusters, 4kb.
• Compression to reduce disk space.
• User permissions for files and folder.
• File copies are “undone” if the interrupted cluster is cleaned.
• Small files are kept in the Master file Table at the beginning of the drive.

FAT

• Not compatible with the recent version of Windows
• Support for Drive over 32MB to 2TB
• Features better more and interactive recovery utilities
• Check Disk operation is quick
• Just space for the OS to read files
• Faster on drives less than 10GB (FAT 16 cluster size is 32kb)
• Cluster chains containing data from interrupted copies are marked as damaged
• Master File table is separate from files.

FAT 32

• Lacks security features found in the more modern NTFS file system.
• Fails to install modern versions of Windows (Since the file is large in size and can be installed to drives formatted with NTFS).

exFAT

• exFAT drives can be accessed on Linux by installing the appropriate software.
• Works with all versions of Windows and modern versions of Mac OS X.

Hope this clarifies the matter.

Quick read: How to change Hard Disk Cluster Size.

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