Maqaalkan ku saabsan isbarbardhigga SQL iyo NoSQL^{(SQL and NoSQL)} wuxuu iftiimin doonaa doodda faa'iidooyinka iyo xaddidnaanta mid kasta. Tan iyo markii buuqa xogta NoSQL uu ka soo baxay kaydinta xogta kaydadka NoSQL^(NoSQL) , waxaan ku fikiray inaan sahamiyo labada fikradood si aan u gaadho qotonkeeda. Waxayna igu qaadatay wakhti aan ku ogaado waxyaalaha dhabta ah ee horseeda horumarka xogta NoSQL .

Hagaag, dhammaan waxay hoos ugu soo dhacayaan raadinta bixinta khibradda ugu wanaagsan ee suurtogalka ah isticmaalayaasha dhamaadka si degdeg ah, dhab ah oo isku xiran. Soosaarayaasha xogta ayaa isku dayaya in ay wanaajiyaan waxyaabaha si ay u soo saaraan waxqabad wanaagsan maadaama tignoolajiyada qaybta kaydinta ay si weyn isu beddesho.

Aasaaska xogta SQL iyo NoSQL:

Waa maxay database-ka SQL

Ka hadalka xogta SQL , fikradda aasaasiga ah waa in; waxay leedahay xog-ururin (Relational database^{(Relational database)} ). Haa! Xogta SQL^(SQL) waa xog ururin. Haddaba waa maxay xogta dhabta ah ee la xiriirta? Xogta laxidhiidha waxay si adag u isticmaashaa cilaaqaadka (badanaa loo yaqaan shaxda) si loo kaydiyo xogta. Xogta la xidhiidha xogta waxay la mid tahay iyadoo la isticmaalayo sifooyin guud oo laga helay kaydka xogta. Kooxda ka dhalatayna waxaa lagu magacaabaa Schema .

Xidhiidhka (miiska) ee kaydka xogta xidhiidhka waxa loo qaybiyaa saf iyo tiirar. Tuple waxay u taagan tahay safka miiska xogta ee la soo saaray iyadoo la isticmaalayo weydiin.

Haddaba sidee buu SQL u caawiyaa?

SQL ( Structured Query Language ) waa luuqad barnaamijeed loo isticmaalo in lagu maareeyo xogta ku jirta kaydadka xogta. Microsoft SQL Server waa tusaalaha ugu fiican. Microsoft SQL Server waa kayd xogeed oo loo isticmaalo in lagu kaydiyo lagana soo saaro xogta codsiyada ku jira isla kombayutarada ama shabakadaha.

Astaamaha aasaasiga ah ee server-ka SQL

1. Xogta la xidhiidha waa jaantusyo ka kooban xog lagu rakibay qaybo hore loo sii qeexay.
2. Shax kastaa waxa uu ka kooban yahay hal ama ka badan qaybaha xogta ee tiirarka.
3. Saf kastaa waxa uu ka kooban yahay tusaale gaar ah oo xog ah qaybaha lagu qeexay tiirarka.
4. Isticmaaluhu wuxuu ka heli karaa xogta kaydka xogta isagoo aan garanayn qaabka miiska xogta.

Xaddidaadda xogta SQL

Scalability : Isticmaalayaashu waa inay cabbiraan xogta macluumaadka ee la xidhiidha server-yada awoodda leh ee qaaliga ah oo ay adag tahay in la xakameeyo. Si loo cabbiro xogta la xidhiidha waa in lagu qaybiyaa servero badan. Qabashada miisaska server-yada kala duwan waa fowdo.

Kakan^(Complexity) _ _^(SQL) _ Haddii xogtaadu aanay ku habboonayn shaxanka, markaa waxaad u baahan tahay inaad qaabayso qaab-dhismeedka kaydinta xogtaada oo noqon doonta mid adag oo haddana adag in la qabto.

Waa maxay kaydka xogta ee NoSQL?

Dhowrkii sano ee la soo dhaafay, "hal cabbir ayaa ku habboon dhammaan" - ka fikirida dukaamada xogta ayaa labadaba su'aal ka keenay, Sayniska^(Science) iyo shirkadaha shabakadaha, taas oo horseedaysa soo ifbaxa noocyo badan oo kala duwan oo xog-ururin ah. Dhaqdhaqaaqa iyo sidoo kale kaydadka cusub ee xogta ayaa sida caadiga ah hoos yimaada ereyga NoSQL .

Tayada aasaasiga ah ee NoSQL ayaa ah in laga yaabo in aanay u baahnayn qorshayaal miis go'an, inta badan iska ilaali hawlaha ku biirista, oo sida caadiga ah u cabbiraan si siman. Cilmi-baarayaasha tacliintu^(Academic) waxay caadi ahaan u tixraacaan xog-ururintan inay yihiin kayd habaysan, erey ay ku jiraan xog-ururin heersare ah oo la xidhiidha qayb-hoosaad ahaan.

Xogta NoSQL^(NoSQL) waxay sidoo kale ka bedeshaa "ACID" (atomicity, joogto ah, go'doomin, iyo adkeysiga). Xogta NoSQL^(NoSQL) , ilaa heerar kala duwan, xitaa waxay oggolaadaan in xogta xogta ay ka duwan tahay diiwaanka iyo duubista. Haddii aysan jirin qorshe ama miis ku yaal NoSQL , markaa sidee ayaad u arki kartaa qaabka xogta? Hagaag^(Well) waa kan jawaabta

Qorshe looma baahna^{(No schema required)} : Xogta waxa lagu dari karaa kaydka NoSQL iyada oo aan marka hore la qeexin qorshaha xogta xogta adag. Isku soo wada duuboo, qaabka xogta la geliyo waa la bedeli karaa wakhti kasta, iyada oo aan la carqaladayn codsiga. Tani waxay ku siinaysaa dabacsanaan arji weyn, kaas oo ugu dambeyntii keenaya dabacsanaan ganacsi oo la taaban karo.

Balaasti otomaatig ah : ^{(Auto elasticity: )}NoSQL waxay si toos ah ugu faafisaa xogtaada servero badan iyada oo aan u baahnayn kaalmo codsi. Adeegayaasha waa lagu dari karaa ama laga saari karaa lakabka xogta iyada oo aan la joojin codsiga.

Kaydinta isku dhafan:^{(Integrated caching:)} Si loo kordhiyo xogta iyada oo loo marayo oo loo kordhiyo waxqabadka NoSQL farsamooyinka kaydinta xogta nidaamka xusuusta. Tani waxay ka duwan tahay xogta SQL halkaasoo tani ay tahay in la sameeyo iyada oo la adeegsanayo kaabayaasha gaarka ah.

Sharaxaadda qaabdhismeedka kaydinta xogta ee NoSQL , waxaa jira saddex nooc oo ah kaydinta xogta NoSQL ee caanka ah^(NoSQL) .

• Dukaamada muhiimka ah^{(Key-value stores)} . Sida magacaba ka muuqata, bakhaarka qiimaha muhiimka ah waa nidaam kaydiya qiyamka lagu tilmaamay soo celinta furayaasha. Nidaamyadani waxay hayn karaan xog habaysan ama aan qaabaysan.
• Xog-ururinta ku salaysan tiirarka^{(Column-oriented databases)} . Halkii lagu kaydin lahaa xogta xogta ee shaxda si weyn loo habeeyey ee tiirar iyo saf leh goobo lebbisan oo diiwaan kasta ah, sida xaaladdu tahay xog-ururinta la xidhiidha, xog-ururinta tiirarka ku jihaysan waxay ka kooban tahay hal tiir la fidin karo oo xog xidhiidh dhow leh.
• Dukaamada ku salaysan dhokumentiga^{(Document-based stores)} . Kaydka xogtani waxay kaydiyaan oo habeeyaan xogta sidii ururin dukumeenti ah, halkii ay ahaan lahaayeen shax habaysan oo leh goobo lebbisan oo diiwaan kasta ah. Xog-ururintan, isticmaalayaashu waxay ku dari karaan tiro kasta oo goobood oo dherer kasta ah dukumeenti.

Sawirku wuxuu muujinayaa farqiga u dhexeeya saddex ka mid ah.

Faa'iidooyinka NoSQL database

1) Xogta NoSQL waxay guud ahaan u habeeyaan xogta si ka dhakhso badan kaydka xogta ee xidhiidhka ah.

2) Xogta NoSQL sidoo kale badanaa waa dhakhso badan tahay sababtoo ah moodooyinkooda xogtu waa sahlan yihiin.

3)    Nidaamyada waaweyn ee NoSQL^{(Major NoSQL)} waa kuwo dabacsan oo ku filan si ay ugu suurtagasho horumariyeyaasha inay u adeegsadaan codsiyada siyaabo daboolaya baahidooda.

Isbarbardhigga SQL NoSQL^{(SQL NoSQL Comparision)} iyo Gabagabada^(Conclusion) :

SQL iyo NoSQL waxay ahaayeen halabuuro aad u wanagsan muddo ka dib si loo ilaaliyo kaydinta xogta iyo soo celinta mid la hagaajiyay oo siman. In la dhaleeceeyo midkoodna ma caawin doono sababta. Haddii maalmahan uu jiro guuxa NoSQL , macnaheedu maaha inay tahay xabbad qalin ah dhammaan baahiyahaaga. Labada teknoolajiyada ayaa ugu fiican waxay qabtaan. Waxay ku xiran tahay horumariyaha inuu si wanaagsan uga faa'ideysto iyaga iyadoo ku xiran xaaladda iyo baahiyaha.

Haddii aad raadineyso inaad sahamiso NoSQL , waxaad soo dejisan kartaa warqad cad oo Microsoft NoSQL Azure ah.

Tag halkan haddii aad rabto inaad wax ka ogaato farqiga u dhexeeya MySQL iyo SQL Server^{(difference between MySQL and SQL Server)} .^{(Go here if you want to learn about the difference between MySQL and SQL Server.)}

Difference between SQL and NoSQL: A Comparison

This article оn SQL and NoSQL comparison will throw light on the debate on advantages and limitations on each. Ever since the buzz of NoSQL database evolved in storing data into the NoSQL databases,  I thought of exploring both the concepts to reach out to its depth. And it took me some time to figure out things that actually lead to the evolution of the NoSQL database.

Well, it all comes down to the quest of providing the best possible experience to the end-users in a quick, real and connected way. Database developers are trying to optimize things to yield better performance as the technology in the storage department is changing drastically.

Basics of SQL and NoSQL database:

What is SQL database

Talking about SQL database, the basic concept is that; it has is a Relational database. Yes! SQL database is a relational database. So what exactly is a relational database? A relational database strictly uses relations (frequently called as tables) to store data. A relational database matches data by using common characteristics found in the dataset. And the resulting group is termed as Schema.

A relation (table) in a relational database is divided into a set of rows and columns. A Tuple stands for a row in a database table that is retrieved using a query.

So how does SQL help?

SQL (Structured Query Language) is a programming language that is used to manage data in relational databases. Microsoft SQL Server is the best example. Microsoft SQL Server is a relational database that is used to store and retrieve data by applications either on the same computers or over the network.

Basic features of SQL server

1. A relational database is a set of tables containing data fitted into predefined categories.
2. Each table contains one or more data categories in columns.
3. Each row contains a unique instance of data for the categories defined by the columns.
4. The user can access data from the database without knowing the structure of the database table.

Limitations for SQL database

Scalability: Users have to scale relational databases on powerful servers that are expensive and difficult to handle. To scale a relational database it has to be distributed on multiple servers. Handling tables across different servers is chaos.

Complexity: In SQL server’s data has to fit into tables anyhow. If your data doesn’t fit into tables, then you need to design your database structure that will be complex and again difficult to handle.

What is NoSQL database?

In the past few years, the ”one size fits all“ – thinking concerning data stores has been questioned by both, Science and web companies, which has to lead to the emergence of a great variety of alternative databases. The movement as well as the new datastores are commonly subsumed under the term NoSQL.

The basic quality of NoSQL is that it may not require fixed table schemas, usually avoid join operations, and typically scale horizontally. Academic researchers typically refer to these databases as structured storage, a term that includes classic relational databases as a subset.

NoSQL database also trades off “ACID” (atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability). NoSQL databases, to varying degrees, even allow for the schema of data to differ from record to record. If there doesn’t exist schema or a table in NoSQL, then how do you visualize the database structure? Well here is the answer

No schema required: Data can be inserted in a NoSQL database without first defining a rigid database schema. As a corollary, the format of the data being inserted can be changed at any time, without application disruption. This provides immense application flexibility, which ultimately delivers substantial business flexibility.

Auto elasticity: NoSQL automatically spreads your data onto multiple servers without requiring application assistance. Servers can be added or removed from the data layer without application downtime.

Integrated caching: In order to increase data through and increase performance advance NoSQL techniques cache data in system memory. This is in contrast to SQL database where this has to be done using the separate infrastructure.

Describing the architecture of data storage in NoSQL, there are three types of popular NoSQL databases.

• Key-value stores. As the name implies, a key-value store is a system that stores values indexed for retrieval by keys. These systems can hold structured or unstructured data.
• Column-oriented databases. Rather than store sets of information in a heavily structured table of columns and rows with uniform-sized fields for each record, as is the case with relational databases, column-oriented databases contain one extendable column of closely related data.
• Document-based stores. These databases store and organize data as collections of documents, rather than as structured tables with uniform-sized fields for each record. With these databases, users can add any number of fields of any length to a document.

The image shows the difference between three of them.

Advantages of NoSQL database

1)    NoSQL databases generally process data faster than relational databases.

2)    NoSQL databases are also often faster because their data models are simpler.

3)    Major NoSQL systems are flexible enough to better enable developers to use the applications in ways that meet their needs.

SQL NoSQL Comparision and Conclusion:

SQL and NoSQL have been great inventions over time in order to keep data storage and retrieval optimized and smooth. Criticizing any one of them will not help the cause. If there is a buzz of NoSQL these days, it doesn’t mean it is a silver bullet to all your needs. Both technologies are best in what they do. It is up to a developer to make better use of them depending on the situation and needs.

If you are looking to explore NoSQL, you can download Microsoft NoSQL Azure whitepaper.

Go here if you want to learn about the difference between MySQL and SQL Server.

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