Sideen u qaabeeyaa kaarka SD-ka, usha xusuusta ee USB, Hard^(USB) Disk-ga dibadda ee USB ama darawalkayga cusub ee ^(USB)SSD ? Miyaan isticmaalaa qaabkii hore ee FAT32 ama qaabka faylka NTFS ee cusub ? Mise waa inaan isku dayo exFAT? Waa su'aal adag oo dadka badankiis ah, jawaabta saxda ahina way kala duwan tahay iyadoo ku xiran nooca qalabka aad u baahan tahay inaad qaabeyso, iyo sidoo kale sida iyo goobta aad isticmaasho. Akhri maqaalkan, oo waxaad fahmi doontaa sida ugu wanaagsan ee loo qaabeeyo qalab kasta:

Inta aynaan bilaabin, akhri tan

Haddii aad u baahan tahay hage ku saabsan sida loo qaabeeyo aaladaha wax lagu kaydiyo adigoo isticmaalaya kumbuyuutarka Windows , akhri casharkan: Sida loo qaabeeyo Kaarka SD, Usha xusuusta USB ama qayb qayb ka mid ah, gudaha Windows^{(How to format an SD Card, a USB memory stick or a partition, in Windows)} . Sidoo kale, haddii aad u baahan tahay sifooyinka nidaamka fayl kasta, akhri casharradan:

• Waa maxay FAT32 iyo maxay ^{(What is FAT32 and why is it )}faa'iido u leedahay ^(useful)?
• Waa maxay exFAT iyo maxay faa'iido u leedahay?^{(What is exFAT and why is it useful?)}
• Waa maxay NTFS iyo maxay faa'iido u leedahay?^{(What is NTFS and why is it useful?)}

Isbarbardhigga xawaaraha: FAT32 vs. exFAT vs. NTFS

Waxaan rabnay inaan sameyno isbarbardhigga xawaaraha u dhexeeya saddexda nidaam ee faylalka, sidaas darteed waxaan qaadnay seddex flash drives oo kala duwan waxaanan ku wadnay cabbirrada xawaaraha: Kingston DataTraveler Elite G2 , Kingston DataTraveler microDuo 3C , iyo IronKey D300 .

Marka hore^(First) waxaan qaadnay Kingston DataTraveler Elite G2 , oo loo qaabeeyey iyadoo la adeegsanayo FAT32 , exFAT iyo NTFS , ka dib qaab kasta, waxaan ku orday CrystalDiskMark , si aan u aragno xawaaraha ay cabbireyso. Waxaan ogaanay in exFAT uu had iyo jeer ka dheereeyo FAT32 , halka NTFS ay u janjeerto inay aad u dheeraato, mararka qaarkoodna aad u weyn, laakiin maaha dhammaan cabbirada.

^(Than)Taas bedelkeeda , waxaan qaadnay Kingston DataTraveler microDuo 3C, oo loo qaabeeyey iyadoo la adeegsanayo FAT32 , exFAT iyo NTFS , ka dib qaab kasta, waxaan ku orodnay CrystalDiskMark^{(CrystalDiskMark)} , si loo arko xawaaraha ay cabbireyso. Waxaan arki karnaa in exFAT uu ka dhaqso badnaa FAT32 inta badan imtixaanadii ay waday CrystalDiskMark^{(CrystalDiskMark)} , halka NTFS ay ka dhaqso badan tahay FAT32 imtixaanada qaar, iyo in yar oo ka hooseeya FAT32 kuwa kale.

Ugu dambayntii, waxaanu qaadanay IronKey D300 , waxaana aanu samaynay hawlo iyo imtixaano isku mid ah. Usha xusuusta ee NTFS waxay ahayd nidaamka faylka ugu dhaqsiyaha badan inta badan imtixaanada.

FAT32: Faa'iidooyinka iyo khasaaraha

Faa'iidada ugu weyn ee nidaamka faylka FAT32 waa laqabsiga^{(The biggest advantage of the FAT32 file system is compatibility)} dhammaan noocyada nidaamyada hawlgalka iyo aaladaha. Ku dhawaad^(Almost) ​​nooc kasta oo qalab ah ayaa yaqaan sida loola shaqeeyo FAT32 , laga bilaabo casriga iyo tablet-yada ilaa kombuyuutarrada, kamaradaha dhijitaalka ah, kamaradaha ilaalinta iyo wax ka badan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa jira xaddidaadyo muhiim ah oo nidaamka faylkan ah,^{(there are some significant limitations to this file system,)} sida xaqiiqda ah in uu ku shaqeeyo faylal leh cabbirka ugu badan ee 4GB iyo qaybo leh awoodda ugu badan ee 8 TB. Dhibaatooyinka kale waxaa ka mid ah la'aanta ilaalinta xogta haddii ay dhacdo in ay lumiso awoodda, ama la'aanta taageerada sirta. Hoos-u-dhac kale ayaa ah hoos u dhaca xawaaraha^{(a decrease in speed)} marka la wareejinayo xogta marka la barbar dhigo exFAT, iyo NTFS^{(when compared with exFAT, and NTFS)} .

exFAT: Faa'iidooyinka iyo khasaaraha

exFAT waxay hagaajisaa hoos-u-dhacyada nidaamka faylka FAT32 ee^{(exFAT fixes the downsides of the FAT32 file system)} ku saabsan cabbirka ugu badan ee faylka iyo cabbirka qaybta. Faa'iido kale ayaa ah in ay ilaaliso iswaafajinta sare^{(it keeps the high compatibility)} ee nidaamyada hawlgalka iyo aaladaha badan. Dhanka kale waa kororka xawaaraha^{(increase in speed)} marka la wareejinayo xogta marka la barbar dhigo FAT32^{(when compared with FAT32)} . Waa hoos u dhaca ugu weyn waa la'aanta muuqaal joornaal^{(biggest downside is the lack of a journaling feature)} , taas oo sahlaysa in laga gudbo xogta musuqmaasuqa.

NTFS: Faa'iidooyinka iyo khasaaraha

NTFS waxay hagaajisaa dhinaca hoose ee nidaamka faylka FAT32 ee^{(NTFS fixes the downsides of the FAT32 file system)} ku saabsan cabbirka faylka ugu badan iyo cabbirka qaybta. Sidoo kale, waxay ku darsataa astaamo badan sida taageerada dejinta oggolaanshaha iyo waxyaabo kale oo faa'iido u leh kombuyuutarrada casriga ah. Dhanka kale waa kororka xawaaraha^{(increase in speed)} marka xogta la wareejinayo marka la barbar dhigo FAT32^{(when compared with FAT32)} .

Hoos-u-dhaca ugu weyn waa ku-qabsiga aaladaha mobilada^{(The biggest downside is compatibility with mobile devices)} . Nidaamka faylkan wuxuu la shaqeeyaa dhammaan noocyada Windows , iyo sidoo kale Xbox One consoles. Linux si fiican ayuu ula shaqeeyay NTFS in muddo ah hadda, laakiin Mac OS X ma sameeyo ilaa aad rakibto darawallada dhinac saddexaad. Hoos-u-dhaca ugu weyni waa in aaladaha mobilada ay u muuqdaan inaysan la shaqeyn nidaamka faylka NTFS . Tusaale ahaan, talefannada casriga ah ee Android iyo tablets-yada ma isticmaali karaan NTFS ilaa aad xididka ka dhigtaan oo aad wax ka beddesho dhawr habayn oo nidaam ah. Inta badan kamaradaha dhijitaalka ah iyo aaladaha kale ee casriga ah kuma shaqeeyaan NTFSmidkood. Haddii aad isticmaalayso mobaylka, waa ammaan in aad u maleyso in uu ku shaqayn doono exFAT ama FAT32 ee maaha marka la isticmaalayo NTFS .

Sida loo qaabeeyo kaararka SD? Jawaab: adoo isticmaalaya exFAT

Kaararka SD ee dhammaan qaababka iyo cabbirrada (microSD, miniSD ama SD) ayaa loo adeegsadaa aaladaha mobilada sida casriga, tablet-yada, kamaradaha dhijitaalka ah, kamaradaha ilaalada iyo wixii la mid ah. Marka aad qaabaynayso kaadhka SD, doorashadaada ugu fiican waa inaad u qaabayso adigoo isticmaalaya exFAT.

Sida loo qaabeeyo ulaha xusuusta USB ? Jawaab: adoo isticmaalaya exFAT

Ulaha xusuusta USB^(USB) waxaa badanaa lagu isticmaalaa kombayutarada miiska iyo laptop-yada. Doorashadaada ugu fiican waa inaad qaabayso ulaha xusuusta USB adigoo isticmaalaya nidaamka faylka exFAT, si aad ugu raaxaysato inaad kaydiso faylal waaweyn.

Sida loo formatting USB dibadda hard drives? Jawaab: Isticmaalka NTFS (haddii aan lagu isticmaalin Macs )

Hard Drive- yada dibadda^(External) waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu keydiyo faylal badan, iyo sidoo kale faylal waaweyn oo ka baxsan xaddidaadda nidaamka faylka FAT32 . Sidoo kale, waxay u nugul yihiin dhibaatooyinka sixitaanka xogta, haddii aad isticmaalayso FAT32 ama exFAT oo aad ka saarto iyaga markaad qorayso xogta. Sidaa darteed^(Therefore) , doorashadaada ugu fiican waa inaad aado NTFS . Haddii aad isticmaaleyso Hard Drive-yada dibadda Mac , waxaa fiican inaad u isticmaasho nidaamka faylka Apple ee Macs : HFS Plus .

Sida loo qaabeeyo qaybaha saxanka ee HDDs iyo SSDs ? Jawaab: adoo isticmaalaya NTFS (ilaa aad isticmaalayso Linux ama Mac )

Haddii aad ka hadlayso qaybo ka mid ah diskooga adag ee kombiyuutarkaaga ama SSD drive, markaa NTFS had iyo jeer waa inay noqotaa doorashada caadiga ah. Kama faa'iidaysan kartid dhammaan sifooyinka uu nidaamkaagu ku shaqaynayo ilaa aad isticmaalayso NTFS . Tani waxay khusaysaa kombiyuutarada iyo qalabka Windows . Macs , isticmaal HFS Plus , nidaamka faylka asalka ah ee ay samaysay Apple . Kumbiyuutarrada Linux^(Linux) , waa inaad isticmaashaa nidaamka faylalka asalka ah sida ext4 , kaas oo si gaar ah loogu talagalay nidaamkan hawlgalka.

FAT32, exFAT or NTFS? How to format SD cards, memory sticks and hard drives

How should I format my SD card, my USB memory stick, USB external hard disk or my new SSD drive? Shoυld I use the old FΑT32 file format or the newer NTFS filе format? Or should I try exFAT? It is a tough question for most people, and the right answer differs depending on the type of dеvice that уou need to format, as well as how and where you use it. Read this article, аnd you will undеrstand how it is best to format any device:

Before we start, read this

If you need a guide on how to format storage devices using a Windows computer, read this tutorial: How to format an SD Card, a USB memory stick or a partition, in Windows. Also, if you need the characteristics of each file system, read these tutorials:

• What is FAT32 and why is it useful?
• What is exFAT and why is it useful?
• What is NTFS and why is it useful?

Speed comparison: FAT32 vs. exFAT vs. NTFS

We wanted to make a speed comparison between the three file systems, so we took three different flash drives and ran speed benchmarks on them: Kingston DataTraveler Elite G2, Kingston DataTraveler microDuo 3C, and IronKey D300.

First we took the Kingston DataTraveler Elite G2, formatted using FAT32, exFAT and NTFS, and after each format, we ran CrystalDiskMark, to see the speed that it measures. We noticed that exFAT was always faster than FAT32, while NTFS tended to be faster too, sometimes by a more significant margin, but not in all measurements.

Than, we took the Kingston DataTraveler microDuo 3C, formatted using FAT32, exFAT and NTFS, and after each format, we ran CrystalDiskMark, to see the speed that it measures. We can see that exFAT was faster than FAT32 in most of the tests ran by CrystalDiskMark, while NTFS was faster than FAT32 in some tests, and slightly slower than FAT32 in others.

Lastly, we took the IronKey D300, and performed the same activities and tests. On this memory stick NTFS was the fastest file system in most tests.

FAT32: Pros and cons

The biggest advantage of the FAT32 file system is compatibility with all kinds of operating systems and devices. Almost any kind of device knows how to work with FAT32, from smartphones and tablets to computers, digital cameras, surveillance cameras and more. However, there are some significant limitations to this file system, like the fact that it works with files that have a maximum size of 4GB and with partitions that have a maximum capacity of 8 TB. Other downsides include the lack of data protection in case of power loss, or the lacking support for encryption. Another downside is a decrease in speed when transferring data when compared with exFAT, and NTFS.

exFAT: Pros and cons

exFAT fixes the downsides of the FAT32 file system regarding maximum file size and partition size. Another advantage is that it keeps the high compatibility with many operating systems and devices. Another upside is the increase in speed when transferring data when compared with FAT32. It's biggest downside is the lack of a journaling feature, which makes it easy to overcome data corruption.

NTFS: Pros and cons

NTFS fixes the downsides of the FAT32 file system regarding maximum file size and partition size. Also, it adds more features like support for setting permissions and other useful things for modern computers. Another upside is an increase in speed when transferring data when compared with FAT32.

The biggest downside is compatibility with mobile devices. This file system works with all versions of Windows, as well as Xbox One consoles. Linux has worked well with NTFS for some time now, but Mac OS X does not unless you install third-party drivers. The biggest downside is that mobile devices tend not to work with the NTFS file system. For example, Android smartphones and tablets cannot use NTFS unless you root them and modify several system settings. Most digital cameras and other smart devices do not work with NTFS either. If you are using a mobile device, it is safe to assume that it will work using exFAT or FAT32 and not when using NTFS.

How to format SD cards? Answer: using exFAT

SD cards of all shapes and sizes (microSD, miniSD or SD) are used in mobile devices like smartphones, tablets, digital cameras, surveillance cameras and so on. When formatting SD cards your best choice is to format them using exFAT.

How to format USB memory sticks? Answer: using exFAT

USB memory sticks are used mostly on desktop computers and laptops. Your best choice is to format USB memory sticks using the exFAT file system, so that you can enjoy being able to store large files.

How to format USB external hard drives? Answer: using NTFS (unless used on Macs)

External hard drives are used to store many files, as well as large files which go beyond the limitations of the FAT32 file system. Also, they are prone to data correction problems, if you are using FAT32 or exFAT and you disconnect them while writing data. Therefore, your best choice is to go for NTFS. If you are using external hard drives on a Mac, it is best to use Apple's file system for Macs: HFS Plus.

How to format disc partitions for HDDs and SSDs? Answer: using NTFS (unless you are using Linux or Mac)

If you are talking about partitions on your computer's hard disk drive or SSD drive, then NTFS should always be the default choice. You can not take advantage of all the features that your operating system has to offer unless you are using NTFS. This applies to Windows computers and devices. For Macs, use HFS Plus, the native file system developed by Apple. For Linux computers, you should use a native filesystem like ext4, which was designed specifically for this operating system.

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