Maalmahan qof kastaa waa inuu gurigiisa ku xidhaa tignoolajiyada shabakadda, taas oo macnaheedu yahay la tacaalida liis dheer oo jargon shabakadeed ah. Laba erey oo aasaasi ah oo isku xidhka ayaa kala ah "goobta gelitaanka" iyo "router." Kuwani waa aalado kala duwan oo leh shaqooyin kala duwan, laakiin ereyada ayaa (si khaldan) loo istcimaali jiray si isku beddelasho ah xaaladaha qaarkood. 

Si looga fogaado wax kasta oo jahawareer ah (iyo iibsiyada khaldan), aan qaadanno wakhti si aan u barano kala duwanaanshaha muhiimka ah marka ay timaado barta gelitaanka vs. router.

Waa maxay Barta Galitaanka?

Qayb ka mid ah jaahwareerka ayaa ah in "goobta gelitaanka" ay u gaaban tahay "goobta gelitaanka fiilooyinka." Barta gelitaanku waxay ku darsataa gelitaanka Wi-Fi ee shabakada fiilsan waxayna ka caawisaa fidinta baaxadeeda. Marka, barta gelitaanka ayaa leh ugu yaraan qaar ka mid ah qalabka Wi-Fi iyo isku xirka Ethernet . Dabcan, taasi waxay u maleyneysaa in shabakadda fiilooyinka ay ku xiran tahay isticmaalka Ethernet , taas oo run ah dhammaan kiisaska.

Dhanka kale, isku xirka fiilada wuxuu ku xiran yahay aalad kale oo shabakad ah, sida furaha, modem, ama router.

Hal dariiqo oo fudud oo aad ku ogaan karto in aad la shaqaynayso meel laga heli karo waa in ay yeelan doonto SSID gaar ah^{(unique SSID)} ( Adeegga Set Identifier^{(Service Set Identifier)} ). Kaasi waa magaca Wi-Fi ee aad aragto marka aad ku xidhidhiyaha shabakada

Laba goobood oo kala duwan ayaa sidoo kale ku xidhmi kara isku xidhidh internet, xataa iyada oo la adeegsanayo isla router. Laakiin tani macnaheedu maaha in dhammaan aaladaha shabakadani ay wada xidhiidhi karaan adiga oo aan isku hagaajinayn goobaha shabakada si aad u ogolaato.

Tusaale ahaan, bukaanada ku sugaya xafiiska dhakhtarka waxay isticmaali karaan barta laga galo qolka sugitaanka si ay u helaan internetka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma isticmaali karaan daabacaha xafiiska ama ma geli karaan kombiyuutarka dhakhtarka. 

Waa maxay Router?

Router-ku waa sida qol-kala-soocida boostada dhijitaalka ah. Taraafikada shabakadu^(Network) waxay u qaybsantaa "xirmo" gaar ah. Xirmado kastaa waxa uu ka kooban yahay qayb xog ah (sida qayb ka mid ah JPEG ama muuqaal fiidyow ah) iyo isha iyo macluumaadka meesha loo socdo. Routers waxay istaagaan isgoysyada laba shabakadood oo kala duwan, oo leh noocyo kala duwan oo cinwaanno IP ah (protocol internet)^{(IP (internet protocol) addresses)} . 

Tusaale ahaan, router gurigaagu wuxuu soo diraa oo helaa baakado marka uu ku xidho shabakad ka weyn— ISP kaaga . ISP- gaagu waxa uu leeyahay jiheeyayaal u gaar ah, kuwaas oo iyaguna ku xidhan shabakad laf dhabarta ka sii ballaadhan, iyo wixii la mid ah. 

Router-ka gurigaagu wuxuu qaataa xirmooyinkaas intarneedka wuxuuna hubiyaa inay aadaan aaladaha saxda ah ee ku xiran shabakadaada guriga. Marka, tusaale ahaan, TV-gaaga smart waa inuusan helin xogta loogu talagalay casrigaaga casriga ah.

Routers waa aalado caqli badan oo adeegsan kara shuruucda maaraynta taraafikada shabakada^{(network traffic management rules)} si ay xogta u soo diraan. Tusaale ahaan, router-ku waxa uu mudnaan siin karaa codsiyada wakhtiga-dhabta ah sida shirarka fiidyaha iyo ciyaaraha fiidyaha badan ee iimaylka ama fiidyaha baahinta.

Raad-bixiyeyaashu waxay dhisaan "miisaska marin-u-socodka," liiska dariiqyada u dhexeeya aaladaha shabakadeed ee kala duwan kuwaas oo qeexaya sida ugu wanaagsan ee loo dhaqaajiyo xirmooyinka xogta ee shabakadaha ku xiran router.

Helitaanka^(Access) , Qaybinta^{(Distribution)} , iyo Routers Core^{(Core Routers)}

Waxaa jira noocyo kala duwan oo router ah, laakiin saddexda qaybood ee ugu waaweyn waa:

• Helitaanka router
• Routers qaybinta 
• Routers Core

Routers Core^{(Core routers)} waxay si toos ah ugu shaqeeyaan laf dhabarta internetka. Laf-dhabarka intarneedku waxa ay ka kooban tahay isku xirka shabkada ee taageera intarneedka guud ahaan. Ka fakar^(Think) xadhkaha xawaarahoodu sareeyo ee aadka u wayn ee isku xidha aduunka oo dhan dhulka iyo badda hoosteeda, waxaadna yeelan doontaa fikrad adag waxa aanu ka hadlayno. Routers-yada muhiimka ah waxay isku xiraan isku xirka laf dhabarta waaweyn iyo shabakado-hoosaadyo badan oo samaysa kala sareynta shabakadaha ilaa iyo ilaa inta ka hoosaysa xidhiidhka internetka ee gurigaaga.

Jidadka qaybinta^{(Distribution routers)} waxaa inta badan adeegsada Bixiyeyaasha Adeegga Internetka^{(Internet Service Providers)} ( ISPs ) si ay isugu geeyaan oo ay ugu maraan dhammaan taraafikada macaamiishooda oo ay ugu xiraan intarneedka guud ahaan iyaga oo u maraya marinnada asaasiga ah ee iyaga ka sarreeya ee kala sarreynta shabakadda. 

Helitaanka router^{(Access routers)} -ku waa router goobta jooga ee guryaha iyo xafiisyada aduunka. 

Waxaa jira noocyo badan oo kale oo router ah, taas oo ku xidhan shaqada gaarka ah iyo goobta shabakada ee qalabka. Tusaale ahaan, router-ka geesku^{(edge routers)} waa kuwa laga helo cidhifka shabakada ISP. Routers-ka Edge ayaa si gaar ah u maamula xidhiidhka ka dhexeeya shabakadda ISP-ga iyo kuwa ISP^(ISPs) -yada kale .

Router-ka Wireless-ka ee Gurigaaga

In kasta oo ay caan ku yihiin “router-ka” ama “rauter-yaasha bilaa-waayirka ah,” sanduuqa yar ee anteenooyinka ku jira ee gurigaaga ku jira ayaa intaas ka badan.

^(Home)Router wireless-ka guriga waa kombiyuutaro gaar ah. Gudaha waxaa ku jira CPU , RAM , kaydinta, iyo nidaamka hawlgalka. Qaybaha xudunta u ah kombuyuutarka guud ee ujeedada. 

"Maskaxda" qalabku waxay isku dubbaridaan qaybaha qalabka kala duwan. Raadiyayaasha caadiga ah waxay ka kooban yihiin beddel yar oo Ethernet ah, hal ama in ka badan oo dhibco marineed wireless ah, iyo software-ka u oggolaanaya inuu u dhaqmo sidii router shabakad, server DHCP , iyo wixii la mid ah. 

^(High-end)Dariiqyada wireless -ka-dhamaadka sare leh waxay sidoo kale socodsiin karaan codsiyada shabakada kuwaas oo u oggolaanaya inay u shaqeeyaan macaamiisha VPN , adeegayaasha warbaahinta, iyo aaladaha kaydinta shabakadda ee ku xiran darawal adag oo USB ku xiran.

Markaa iyada oo router-gaagu ka kooban yahay barta gelitaanka wireless-ka iyo router-ka, aad ayey uga badan tahay labadaas qalab. Tusaale ahaan, qaar ka mid ah router-yada wireless-ka ayaa sidoo kale leh modem, sida dhammaan-in-hal-ka-hal modem-ka-wadaha. Weli, inta badan qalabkani waxay ku xidhmaan modem dibadeed iyada oo loo sii marayo WAN ( Shabakadda Aagga Weyn^{(Wide Area Network)} ) ee Ethernet Port .

Maxaa ku saabsan "Modems"?

In kasta oo maqaalkani aanu ahayn mid ku saabsan modem-ka, waxaa lama huraan ah in la ogaado sida modemku uga duwan yahay barta gelitaanka ama router-ka. Modemku waa aalad jir ahaan u tarjuma calaamadaha shabakada hal nooc una turjumaya mid kale. 

Tusaale ahaan, Terminalka Shabakadda^{(Network Terminal)} Aragga ( ONT ) waxay u beddeshaa garaaca iftiinka ee loo soo diro fiber-ka indhaha una beddela calaamadaha Ethernet ee korantada . Sidoo kale^(Likewise) , modem-ka ADSL -ka waxa uu u beddelaa calaamadaha talefoonka naxaasta ah iyo modem-ka gacanta ee mobaylka isku mid ee calaamadaha raadiyaha microwave-ka.

Erayga “modem” (modulator-demodulator) asal ahaan waxa uu tilmaamayaa aaladaha u beddelay koodka binary code-ka dhijitaalka ah una beddelay mowjadaha maqalka ah ee lagu kala qaado isla mareegta loo isticmaalo wicitaannada taleefanka codka, laakiin macnaheeda hadda aad ayuu u ballaadhan yahay.

Tani ma adiga ayay khusaysaa?

Waa tignoolajiyada xiisaha leh, laakiin maxaad u danaynaysaa? Sababta ugu muhiimsan ayaa ah in aad haysato ikhtiyaarka ah iibsashada barta gelitaanka ama router-ka, haddii aad u soo iibsatid qalab khaldan shaqada, waxaad khasaari doontaa lacagtaada ama waxaad haysataa alaab aan samaynayn waxaad u baahan tahay. waxaa loogu talagalay.

Tusaale ahaan, inta badan jiheeyayaasha bilaa-waayirka ah waxay u shaqayn karaan sidii meelaha laga heli karo ( AP Mode ), taas oo aad u fiican haddii aad rabto inaad dib u soo celiso router hore ama sare. Si kastaba ha noqotee, haddii waxa kaliya ee aad u baahan tahay ay tahay barta gelitaanka, bixinta kharashka router si buuxda uma samaynayso macno badan.

Haddii aad xiisaynayso inaad sii kordhiso aqoontaada isku xidhka, waa inaad hubisaa Sida loo Isticmaalo Spare Router sida Wi-Fi Extender^{(How to Use a Spare Router as a Wi-Fi Extender)} iyo Mesh Network vs. Wi-Fi Extender vs. Goobaha Helitaanka: Kee Wanagsan? ^{(Mesh Network vs. Wi-Fi Extender vs. Access Points: Which Is Better?)}. 

Access Point vs. Router: What Are the Differences?

These days everyone has to wire up their home with network technology, which means dealing with a long list of network jargon. Two basiс networking terms are “access point” and “router.” These are different devices wіth different jobs, but the terms are (incorrectly) used interchangeably in sоme cases. 

To avoid any confusion (and incorrect purchases), let’s take the time to learn the critical differences when it comes to an access point vs. a router.

What Is an Access Point?

Part of the confusion is that “access point” is short for “wireless access point.” An access point adds Wi-Fi access to a wired network and helps extend its range. So, an access point has at least some Wi-Fi hardware and an Ethernet connection. Of course, that’s assuming the wired network it’s connected to uses Ethernet, which is true in almost all cases.

In turn, the wired connection is connected to another network device, such as a switch, modem, or router.

One easy way to know that you’re working with an access point is that it will have a unique SSID (Service Set Identifier). That’s the Wi-Fi name you see when you connect to the network.

Two different access points can also connect to the same internet connection, even via the same router. But this does not mean all devices on this network can communicate with each other without you configuring the network settings to allow it.

For example, patients waiting in a doctor’s office can use an access point in the waiting room to get internet access. However, they can’t use the office printer or access the doctor’s computer. 

What Is a Router?

A router is like a digital mail-sorting room. Network traffic is split into individual “packets.” Each packet contains a piece of data (such as part of a JPEG or a streaming video) and source and destination information. Routers stand at the intersection of two different networks, with different sets of IP (internet protocol) addresses. 

For instance, your home router sends and receives packets when it connects to a bigger network—your ISP. Your ISP has its own routers, which are in turn connected to an even more extensive backbone network, and so on. 

Your home router takes those internet packets and makes sure they go to the right devices connected to your home network. So, for example, your smart TV shouldn’t receive data meant for your smartphone.

Routers are intelligent devices that can apply sophisticated network traffic management rules to send data. For example, a router might prioritize real-time applications such as video conferencing and multiplayer video games over email or streaming video.

Routers build up “routing tables,” a list of routes between different network devices that describe how best to move data packets around the networks connected to the router.

Access, Distribution, and Core Routers

There are various types of routers, but the three main categories are:

• Access routers
• Distribution routers 
• Core routers

Core routers operate directly on the internet backbone. The internet backbone consists of those network connections that underpin the internet as a whole. Think of the massive high-speed cables that connect the world across land and under the sea, and you’ll have a rough idea of what we’re talking about. Core routers connect these major backbone connections and the many sub-networks that form a hierarchy of networks all the way down to your home internet connection.

Distribution routers are mainly used by Internet Service Providers (ISPs) to aggregate and route all the network traffic from their customers and connect them to the internet at large through core routers above them in the network hierarchy. 

Access routers are routers on-site in homes and offices around the world. 

There are many other router classifications, depending on the specific function and network location of the device. For example, edge routers are those found at the edge of an ISP’s network. Edge routers specifically handle communication between the ISP’s network and those of other ISPs.

The Wireless Router in Your House

Although they are popularly referred to as “routers” or “wireless routers,” the little box bristling with antennas in your house is more than that.

Home wireless routers are specialized computers. Inside there’s a CPU, RAM, storage, and an operating system. The same core components as a general-purpose computer. 

The “brains” of the device coordinate the different hardware components. Typical wireless routers contain a small Ethernet switch, one or more wireless access points, and the software that allows it to act as a network router, DHCP server, and so on. 

High-end wireless routers can often also run network applications that allow them to work as VPN clients, media servers, and network-attached storage devices through a USB-connected hard drive.

So while your wireless router contains a wireless access point and a router, it’s far more than those two devices. For example, some wireless routers also have a modem, such as all-in-one cable modem routers. Still, most of these devices connect to an external modem via a dedicated WAN (Wide Area Network) Ethernet Port.

What About “Modems”?

While this article is not about modems, it’s essential to know how a modem is different from an access point or a router. A modem is a device that physically translates network signals from one type to another. 

For example, an Optical Network Terminal (ONT) converts light pulses sent through an optical fiber to electrical Ethernet signals. Likewise, an ADSL modem converts copper telephone signals and mobile cellular modems to the same for microwave radio signals.

The term “modem” (modulator-demodulator) originally referred to devices that converted digital binary code to audio waveforms transmitted over the same frequencies used for voice phone calls, but its meaning is now much broader.

Does This Matter to You?

It’s interesting technology, but why should you care? The most important reason is that you have the option of buying an access point or a router, and if you buy the wrong device for the job, you’ll either have wasted your money or have a product that doesn’t do what you need it for.

For example, most wireless routers can operate as simple access points (AP Mode), which is great if you want to repurpose an old or secondary router. However, if all you need is an access point, paying for a fully-featured router doesn’t make much sense.

If you’re interested in taking your networking knowledge further, you should check out How to Use a Spare Router as a Wi-Fi Extender and Mesh Network vs. Wi-Fi Extender vs. Access Points: Which Is Better?. 

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