Internetka^(Internet) waxa loogu yeeraa hal - abuurkii ugu muhiimsanaa ee taariikhda aadanaha. Waxaan weli ku jirnaa maalmihii hore ee shabakadan kombuyuutarrada caalamiga ah, laakiin waxay mar hore beddeshay wax walba oo ku saabsan sida aan u shaqeyno iyo sida aan u noolaano.

Haddii uusan ahayn intarneedka^(Internet) , waxa laga yaabaa inaadan hadda akhrinaynin tan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, intee in le'eg ayaad ka ogtahay markii internetka^(Internet) la alifay? Xitaa haddii aad ka weyn tahay inaad wax walba ku soo noolaato, inta badan sheekadan la yaabka leh lama ogeyn wakhtigaas. 

Haddaba aynu ku dhex soconno horumarka hal-abuurkan cajiibka ah oo aynu soo qaadanno xaqiiqooyin yaab leh oo jidka ku jira.

Intarneetka waxa loo “ikhtiraacay” Mashruuc Militari ahaan ^{(The Internet Was “Invented” as a Military Project )}

Inkasta oo dadku ay u maleynayaan in internetka uu yahay shayga u keena memes iyo Netflix , waxaa loo abuuray sababo aad u daran - khatarta dagaalka nukliyeerka. Welwelku wuxuu ahaa in hal bam uu gooyo isgaarsiinta dalka oo dhan. Markaa nidaam sii shaqayn kara xataa haddii qaybo badan oo ka mid ahi naafo yihiin waxay ahayd mudnaan sare oo qurux badan.

Saynis yahan lagu magacaabo JCR . Licklider oo u shaqeeyay MIT iyo ARPA (hadda loo yaqaan DARPA ) ayaa la yimid fikrad ah "Shabakadda Galactic" oo sii wadi karta shaqada xitaa haddii qaybo badan oo ka mid ah la burburiyo. ARPA aad bay u jeclayd fikradan! Markaa waxaad uga mahadcelin kartaa helitaanka kubbadda intarneedka oo dhan marka horeba.

Macluumaadka Internetku wuxuu ku yimaadaa baakado^{(Information On The Internet Comes In Packets)}

Markaad daawato fiidyowga Netflix ama aad dirto iimaylka, dhammaan macluumaadkaas waxaa loo qaybiyaa baakado macluumaad oo tiro yar. Kuwan ayaa mid kastaa si madax bannaan loogu diraa mareegaha caaro-caaro ee ka samaysan intarneedka ka dibna la isugu geeyaa dhinaca kale, si uu qofka qaataha ahi uu macno ugu yeesho farriinta.

Tani waa qayb aasaasi ah oo ka mid ah sida internetku u shaqeeyo waana sababta uu u adkeysan karo carqaladeynta. Haddii baakadaha qaar ay samayn waayaan, mar kale ayaa la soo diri karaa. Haddii hal waddo oo loo maro shabakadda la xannibo, xirmooyinka ayaa si fudud u qaata router kale.

Habkan waxaa loo yaqaan "baqshadaha beddelka". Waxa la allifay 1965, saddex sano uun ka dib markii Licklider uu la yimid fikraddiisa Shabakadda Galaxy . ^{(Galaxy Network)}Si kastaba ha ahaatee, shabakadaas waxay ku dhammaatay in loogu magac daro "ARPANET" beddelka baakadaha ayaa suurtogal ka dhigay.

Farriintii ugu horreysay ee internetku waxay ahayd "LO"^{(The First Internet Message Was “LO”)}

LOO? Maxay taasi u noqonaysaa fariintii ugu horaysay ee lagu soo diro ARPANET ? Hagaag ^(Well) dhab ahaantii,^{(actually, )} fariinta waxaa loola jeeday in la akhriyo "LOGIN", laakiin kaliya labadii xaraf ee hore ayaa u sameeyay kombuyuutarka helaya. 

Labadaas warqadood ee taariikhiga ah waxay ka soo socdaaleen UCLA^(UCLA) ilaa Stanford 29kii Oktoobar^(October) , 1969. Dhawr bilood uun ka dib markii Neil Armstrong uu cagta saaray Dayaxa^(Moon) .

Sannadkii 1969-kii Internetku wuxuu ka koobnaa 4 Kombiyuutar^{(In 1969 The Internet Consisted Of Just 4 Computers)}

Waa run, ARPANET waxay lahayd afar kombiyuutar oo keliya oo isku xidhan. Maanta, qiyaastii kala badh dadka meeraha ku nool waxay leeyihiin marin internet, iyadoo in ka badan hal qalab qofkiiba ay ku xiran yihiin shabakaddan caalamiga ah. Waxaan soo marnay waddo dheer.

"Internet" waa u gaaban yahay "internetka"^{(“Internet” Is Short For “Internetwork”)}

OK, ARPANET runtii ma ahayn intarneedka weli. Erayga "internet" waxa uu u soo gaaban yahay "internetka". Si kale haddii loo dhigo, internetku si fudud waa shabakad shabakadeed. 

Kumbuyuutarradaas fara-ku-tiriska ah ayaa si degdeg ah ugu biiray dad kale oo doonayey inay xafladda soo galaan. Dhibaatadu waxay ahayd in qofna uusan si dhab ah u aqoon sida loo maareeyo taraafikada kombiyuutarada badan ee suurtagalka ah hal mar. Beddelka baakidhku^(Packet) waxa uu ahaa habka saxda ah, laakiin waxa jira in ka badan hal hab oo baakidh lagu beddelo. 

Waxa ay ahayd saxmadkii ugu adkeyd ee taraafikada aduunka, hadaba sidee loo xaliyay?

Internetku Waxa Uu Leeyahay "Luqad" U Gaar Ah^{(The Internet Has Its Own “Language”)}

Si loo xaliyo dhibaatadan, saynisyahan kale oo maskaxda ku jira oo magaciisa la yidhaahdo Vinton Cerf ayaa la yimid hab-maamuus uu si mala awaal ah ugu magacaabay Hab-maamuuska Xakamaynta Gudbinta^{(Transmission Control Protocol)} . Tani waxay asal ahaan la mid tahay luqadda aaladaha intarneedka loo isticmaalo inay midba midka kale kula hadlo. 

Cerf lama samayn oo wuxuu ku lammaaniyay TCP IP ^(TCP)ama^(IP) borotokoolka internetka. Taasi^(Which) waa sababta aad inta badan u maqashid ereyga " TCP/IP ". 

Marka la isku daro, labadan hab-maamuus ayaa tilmaamaya xeerarka uu intarneedka u isticmaalo inuu u diro xirmooyinka adduunka oo dhan. Waa mid aad u xariif ah oo shay cabbirka intarneedku aanu la maarayn la’aanteed.

Shabakadda waxa la alifay 1991kii^{(The Web Was Invented In 1991)}

Ma^(Did) ogtahay inaad ku jirto "Web" hadda? Guud ahaan dunidu waxay la yeelatay xiriirkii ugu horreeyay ee internetka iyada oo loo marayo mareegaha caalamiga ah^{(World Wide Web)} . Taasi waa "WWW" oo geli jirtay bilowga ciwaannada mareegaha.

Shabakaddu waxa ay abuurtay xog xog joogto ah, oo lagu hayo kombuyuutarrada loo yaqaan "servers" kuwaas oo si joogto ah ugu xidhan . ^(Web)Si lama filaan ah internetku wuxuu uga baxay dariiqa saynisyahannada iyo dadka kale ee qabanaya shaqada muhiimka ah si ay xogta u wadaagaan, nidaamka qof kastaa wuxuu heli lahaa faa'iido.

Shabakadda waxaa ikhtiraacay^(Web) fiisigiste la yiraahdo Tim Berners-Lee , kaas oo ikhtiraacay luqadda "hypertext" ee webka lagu dhisay, si uu uga caawiyo saynis yahannada inay la wadaagaan cilmi-baaristooda. Haddii aad rabto inaad booqato u gudub akoonkiisa Twitter-ka^{(Twitter account)} . 

Dhab ahaantii, taasi waa Sir Berners-Lee intayada kale, maadaama xitaa boqoraddu^(Queen) ay jeceshay Shabakadda^(Web) si ay ugu garaacdo isaga^{(knight him)} .

Shabakadda iyo intarneedka ayaa kala duwan^{(The Web & The Internet Are Different Things)}

Dad badan ayaa ku jahawareeriya Shabakadda Caalamiga ah^{(World Wide Web)} , oo aad booqato mareegaha, iyo internetka^(Internet) laftiisa. Sida aad hadda ogtihiin waxa aan kor ku soo aragnay, intarneetka waxa la alifay ka hor intaanay mareegaha jirin. 

Shabakaddu runtii waa hal codsi oo ka shaqeeya intarneedka. Intarneetka laftiisa ayaa ah dhammaan kombiyuutarada, qalabka shabakadda iyo aaladaha internet-ka ku xiran ee la wada qaatay. Oo ay la socdaan borotokoolka u sheegaya sida loola hadlo midba midka kale. 

Waxaa jira waxyaabo kale oo badan oo laga helo internetka sidoo kale. Dhab ahaantii, inta badan waxyaabaha ku shaqeeya intarneedka gabi ahaanba maaha webka.

Google waxa lagu dhisay Hal Xal oo Fudud^{(Google Was Built On One Simple Solution)}

In kasta oo Shabakaddu^(Web) aad u fiican tahay, helitaanka walxaha shabakadda ma ahayn mid fudud maalmihii hore. Haddii aadan aqoon ciwaanka mareegaha saxda ah mooyaane, waa inaad isticmaashaa makiinadaha wax raadinta, laakiin makiinadaha raadinta ee ugu horeeya ma ahayn wax la mid ah Google ama Bing .

Haddaba maxaa Google ka dhigay mid gaar ah? Matoorada raadinta^(Search) wakhtigaas waxay asal ahaan u tixgeliyeen bogagga shabakadda ee lahaa soo noqnoqoshada ereyga raadinta sida ugu habboon oo muhiim ah. Taasi waxay keenaysaa natiijooyin aad u xun oo qurux badan.

Hal-abuurkii ugu fiicnaa ee Google wuxuu ahaa "PageRank". Aasaasayaasha, Larry Page iyo Sergey Brin , waxay ogaadeen in haddii aad boggaga u kala qaybiso inta bogag ee kale ee ku xiran, waxaad inta badan la imaan doontaa boggaga ugu muhiimsan iyo kuwa khuseeya ee ugu sarreeya liiska.

Maanta, Google waxa ay u samaysay PageRank shay aad u casri ah, laakiin hal fikrad oo weyn ayaa u dhistay shirkadda internetka ee weyn ee ay maanta tahay.

PageRank waxaa loogu magac daray Larry Page^{(PageRank Is Named After Larry Page)}

Waa isku-dhac ku yimid in PageRank uu darajeeyo boggaga shabakadda. Runtii waxaa loogu magac daray aasaasaha Google Larry Page^{(Google co-founder Larry Page)} .

Xataa Talaajadaha iyo TV-yadu hadda way isticmaali karaan internetka^{(Even Fridges & TVs Can Use the Internet Now)}

Maanta, intarneetka kaliya ma isticmaalo dadka fadhiya kombiyuutarada. Hadda waxaan haysanaa wax loo yaqaan Internet of Things (IoT).

Tani waa ururinta aaladaha maalinlaha ah sida baabuurta, qalabka jikada iyo wax kasta oo aad ka fikiri karto kuwaas oo leh khadadka internet-ka lagu dhex dhisay. Waxay wadaagi karaan macluumaadka midba midka kale iyo adduunkaba, si talaajaduhu u dalban karo caano badan marka uu bilaabo inuu shaqeeyo hooseeya. 

Wali waa maalmo hore IoT , laakiin qalabkaaga soo socda ayaa laga yaabaa inuu la yimaado smarts ka badan inta aad filayso.

When Was The Internet Invented? 10 Facts You Probably Didn’t Know

The Internet has been called the most important invention in the historу of mаnkind. We are still in the еarly days of this global computer network, but it’s already changing everything about how we work and live.

If it wasn’t for the Internet, you probably wouldn’t be reading this right now. However, how much do you actually know about when the Internet was invented? Even if you’re old enough to have lived through it all, much of this amazing story wasn’t known at the time. 

So let’s take a walk through the development of this fantastic invention and pick up some amazing facts along the way.

The Internet Was “Invented” as a Military Project 

Although people think of the internet as the thing that brings them memes and Netflix, it was invented for extremely serious reasons – the threat of nuclear war. The worry was that a single bomb could cut off communications throughout the country. So a system that could keep working even if large parts of it were disabled was a pretty high priority.

A scientist named J.C.R. Licklider who worked for MIT and ARPA (now called DARPA) came up with an idea for a “Galactic Network” which could keep working even if large parts of it were destroyed. ARPA liked this idea very much! So you can thank them for getting the whole internet ball rolling in the first place.

Information On The Internet Comes In Packets

When you watch a Netflix video or send an email, all that information is broken up into a multitude of tiny info packets. These are each sent independently across the spider’s web that makes up the internet and then reassembled on the other end, so that the receiver can make sense of the message.

This is a fundamental part of how the internet works and it’s also why it can withstand disruption. If some packets don’t make it, they can be sent again. If one path through the network is blocked, the packets simply take another router.

This method is known as “packet switching”. It was invented in 1965, a mere three years after Licklider came up with his Galaxy Network idea. However, that network ended up being named “ARPANET” instead and packet switching made it possible.

The First Internet Message Was “LO”

LO? Why would that be the first message sent over ARPANET? Well actually, the message was meant to read “LOGIN”, but only the first two letters made it to the receiving computer. 

Those two historic letters made the journey from UCLA to Stanford on 29 October, 1969. Just a few months after Neil Armstrong stepped foot on the Moon.

In 1969 The Internet Consisted Of Just 4 Computers

It’s true, ARPANET only had four computers connected to each other. Today, about half the people on the planet have internet access, with more than one device per person connecting to this global network. We’ve come a long way.

“Internet” Is Short For “Internetwork”

OK, ARPANET wasn’t really the internet yet. The word “internet” is short for “internetwork”. In other words, the internet is simply a network of networks. 

Those first handful of computers were quickly joined by other people who wanted to get in on the party. The problem was that no one really knew how to handle the traffic from so many potential computers all at once. Packet switching was the right approach, but there’s more than one way to switch a packet. 

It was the world’s toughest traffic jam, so how was it solved?

The Internet Has Its Own “Language”

To solve this problem, another brainy scientist by the name of Vinton Cerf came up with a protocol he imaginatively named the Transmission Control Protocol. This is basically like a language internet devices use to speak to each other. 

Cerf wasn’t done and paired TCP with IP or internet protocol. Which is why you often hear the term “TCP/IP”. 

Combined, these two protocols dictate the rules that the internet uses to send packets all over the world. It’s very clever and something the size of the internet wouldn’t be manageable without it.

The Web Was Invented In 1991

Did you know you’re on the “Web” right now? The world as a whole had its first contact with the internet through the World Wide Web. That’s the “WWW” that used to go at the start of website addresses.

The Web created a persistent information resource, hosted on computers called “servers” that stay connected permanently. Suddenly the internet went from a way for scientists and other people doing important work to share information, to a system everyone would find useful.

The Web was invented by a physicist called Tim Berners-Lee, who invented the “hypertext” language the web is built on, to help scientists share their research. If you want to give him a visit head over to his Twitter account. 

Actually, that’s Sir Berners-Lee to the rest of us, since even the Queen liked the Web enough to knight him.

The Web & The Internet Are Different Things

Lots of people confuse the World Wide Web, where you visit websites, with the Internet itself. As you now know from what we’ve seen above, the internet was invented long before websites existed. 

The web is actually one application that runs on the internet. The internet itself is all the computers, network hardware and internet-connected devices taken as a whole. Along with the protocols that tell them how to talk to each other. 

There are plenty of other things that run over the internet as well. In fact, most things that run on the internet are not the web at all.

Google Was Built On One Simple Solution

While the Web is great, finding stuff on the web wasn’t very easy in the early days. Unless you knew the exact web address, you had to use a search engine, but the first search engines weren’t anything like Google or Bing.

So what made Google so special? Search engines at the time basically considered web pages that had many repeats of the search term as most relevant and important. That lead to lots of pretty awful results.

Google’s first great invention was “PageRank”. The founders, Larry Page and Sergey Brin, figured out that if you ranked pages according to how many other pages linked to them, you’d most often come up with the most important and relevant pages at the top of the list.

Today, Google has developed PageRank into something much more sophisticated, but that one big idea built it into the massive internet company it is today.

PageRank Is Named After Larry Page

It’s a total coincidence that PageRank ranks web pages. It’s actually named after Google co-founder Larry Page.

Even Fridges & TVs Can Use the Internet Now

Today, the internet isn’t just used by people sitting at computers. We now have something known as the Internet of Things (IoT).

This is a collection of everyday devices such as cars, kitchen appliances and anything else you can think of that have internet connections built in. They can share information with each other and the world, so your fridge can order more milk when it starts to run low. 

It’s still early days for IoT, but your next appliance might well come with more smarts than you expect.

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