Horaantii maanta waxa aan ku qasbanaaday in aan ku xidho kombayutarka macmiilka qaab badbaado leh oo aan ka tirtiro fayraska iyada oo la adeegsanayo isla markiiba amarka sababtoo ah mar kasta oo  Windows soo shubto, feylku waxa uu noqonayaa mid xidhan oo aan la tirtiri karin! ^(Windows)Waxaa jira dhowr sababood oo kale oo laga yaabo inaad u isticmaasho degdegga amarka noloshaada (inkasta oo ay dhif tahay), markaa way fiicantahay inaad ogaato sida loo maro jidkaaga!

Haddii aad micneheedu ahayd inaad barato sida loo isticmaalo degdegga amarka gudaha Windows , waxaan dhex mari doonaa qaar ka mid ah amarada aasaasiga ah ee inta badan la sameeyo. Si kastaba^(Just) ha ahaatee qof kastaa waa isla bogga, waxaad heli kartaa isla markiiba amarka adigoo aadaya Start ka dibna dhagsii Run oo ku qor CMD . Gudaha Windows 7 , kaliya dhagsii Start oo billow inaad ku qorto cmd^(cmd) . Gudaha Windows 8 , waxaad kaliya ku dhufan kartaa badhanka Start oo aad dooran kartaa Command Prompt.

Hadda waxaad arki doontaa daaqad weyn oo madow oo leh cursor dhamaadka jidka loo maro astaanta isticmaalaha ee C:\Documents and Settings\Username Magaca isticmaalaha ama C:\Users\Username . Haddaba maxaa la sameeyaa hadda!? Hagaag, maadaama aanan wax walba sharxi karin, waxaad u badan tahay inaad rabto inaad isticmaasho qaar ka mid ah hagayaasha caawinta ee lagu bixiyo MS DOS lafteeda adigoo ku qoraya HELP oo riixaya Gelida.^(Enter.)

Markaad taas sameyso, waxaad heli doontaa liiska dhammaan amarrada aad ku isticmaali karto MS DOS iyo sharraxaad gaaban oo ah waxay qabtaan:

Waxa kale oo aad ka heli kartaa macluumaad faahfaahsan oo ku saabsan xuduudaha iyo sida loo isticmaalo amar kasta adiga oo ku qoraya magaca amarka oo uu raacayo a /?. Tusaale ahaan, ku qorista CD /?, waxay ku siin doontaa cashar degdeg ah oo ku saabsan sida loo isticmaalo amarka CD-ga:

Sida aad kor ka arki karto, amarka MS DOS CD wuxuu soo bandhigayaa magaca ama beddelaya buugga hadda jira. Markaa haddii aad rabto inaad ka beddesho tusaha profile-ka caadiga ah una beddelo tusaha Windows System32 si aad u tirtirto faylka fayraska, waxaad ku qori doontaa kuwa soo socda si aad ugu socotid tusahaas:

cd c:\window\system32 and press Enter

Hagaha aad hadda ku sugan tahay isla markiiba waxa uu isu beddeli doonaa:

Hadda oo aad ku jirto buuggaas, waxaa laga yaabaa inaad rabto inaad marka hore aragto dhammaan faylasha iyo hagaha, si aad u qorto amarka DIR oo tabo Gelida^(Enter) . Waxaad hadda heli doontaa liis weyn oo ah dhammaan faylasha iyo faylalka ku jira hagahaas. Waxaad ku qori kartaa DIR /?oo arag waxa xuduudaha aad u gudbin karto.

Sida aad arki karto, waxaad ku qori kartaa DIR /P si aad liiska ugu bixiso qaab pagined ah oo aad si tartiib ah uga dhex dhex gali karto. Ama waxaad ku qori kartaa DIR /W si aad u hesho liiska qaab ballaadhan halkii aad ka heli lahayd hal tiir. Waxa ugu fiican ee ku saabsan DOS waa inaad ku dari karto dhowr qaybood oo amar kasta ah, si aad ugu DIR /P /W oo aad hesho muuqaal bog-bog ah oo ay weheliso qaab ballaaran:

Markaa hadda oo aanu hayno liis galal iyo faylal ah, aynu ku sii wadno tirtirida tusaalaha fayraska. Haddii aad rabto inaad tirtirto faylka, waxaad isticmaali lahayd amarka DEL . Mar labaad ku qor DEL /?waxay ku siin doontaa macluumaad faa'iido leh oo ku saabsan amarka.

Si loo tirtiro faylka, waxaan si fudud ku qori karnaa DEL filename taasina waxay tirtiri doontaa faylka. Markaad amarka sidan u isticmaasho, kuma damci doonto inaad xaqiijiso ka hor inta aanad tirtirin faylka, markaa iska hubi inaad ku qortay magaca faylka saxda ah. Sidoo kale, waa inaad gelisaa magaca faylka kordhinta, markaa waxay noqon doontaa DEL Test.txt si loo tirtiro faylkaas. Sidoo kale, haddii aad u baahan tahay inaad tirtirto faylka magaca boosaska ku leh, waa inaad isticmaashaa xigashooyin sida DEL "Tani waa test.txt"^{(DEL “This is a test.txt”)} .

Haddii aad u baahan tahay inaad abuurto ama tirtirto galalka, waxaad isticmaali lahayd amarrada MKDIR  iyo RMDIR  . Waxaa xusid mudan in haddii aad isku daydo inaad tirtirto hagaha aan faaruqin, waxaad heli doontaa fariin qalad ah. Si kastaba ha noqotee, haddii aad hubto inaad rabto inaad tirtirto tusaha iyo wax kasta oo ku jira, waxaad isticmaali kartaa amarka RMDIR /S foldername .

Waxaa jira amarro kale oo badan oo aad isticmaali karto si aad u sameyso dhammaan noocyada kala duwan ee alaabta sida nuqulka faylasha, daabacaadda faylasha qoraalka, beddelka oggolaanshaha faylka, iwm. Markaa haddii aad wax badan oo ka mid ah walxahan ku samayn karto Windows adigoo isticmaalaya GUI interface, markaa maxaad u dhibaysaa DOS , sax?

Marka hore, weligaa ma ogaan kartid marka ay wax xun ku dhici doonaan Windows oo aad ku xayiran tahay isla markiiba amarka sababtoo ah wax kale ma soo dhejin doono. Sidoo kale, amar kasta oo aad ku qorto amarka degdegga ah, sida aan kor ku muujinnay, waxaa lagu keydin karaa fayl wata kordhinta .BAT oo ku socota wakhti kasta adigoo gujinaya kaliya faylka ama waxaa lagu qorsheeyey in lagu shaqeeyo iyada oo la adeegsanayo qalabka xakamaynta ee Windows Scheduled Tasks Control Panel . .

Markaa haddii aad rabto in aad si joogto ah u samayso qaar ka mid ah ficillada fudud ee kombiyuutarkaaga, sida ka koobiyaynta faylasha hal gal oo kale, kaliya ku qor amarrada Notepad oo ku kaydi faylka .BAT kordhinta halkii aad ka ahaan lahayd faylka qoraalka ah. Asal ahaan^(Basically) , waa inaad doorataa Dhammaan faylasha nooca Faylka^{(File Type)} ikhtiyaarka ah ka dibna ku qor magaca sida "MyFile.bat" oo ay ku jiraan xigashooyinka.

Aan xuso dhawr amar oo kale kuwaas oo caddaynaya inay aad faa'iido u leeyihiin inta badan.

IPCONFIG

Amarka IPCONFIG waxa uu ku siinayaa macluumaadka ku saabsan kaadhadhka shabakadaada, ciwaanka IP-ga waxa kale oo uu kuu ogolaanayaa in aad cusboonaysiiso ciwaankaga IP-ga. Waxa aan jecelahay waa ipconfig /all, kaas oo ku siin doona macluumaad faahfaahsan oo ku saabsan adabtarada shabakad kasta oo ku jirta kumbuyuutarkaaga. Waxaad markaa u isticmaali kartaa macluumaadkan si aad u ogaato cinwaankaaga IP-ga ee router-ka (gateway-ga caadiga ah) iyo haddii aad ka helayso ciwaanka IP-ga server-ka DHCP iyo in kale .

DISKPART

Mar labaad, markaad ku dhamaato dhibaatooyinka darawalnimada adag, amarkani wuxuu caddayn karaa inuu yahay mid faa'iido leh. DISKPART wuxuu^(DISKPART) kuu ogolaanayaa inaad maamusho Hard Disk-yada lagu rakibay kombiyuutarkaaga. Waxaad samayn kartaa waxyaabo ay ka mid yihiin inaad dejiso qayb si ay u noqoto qaybta firfircoon, ku meelayso xarafka wadista qayb qayb, yarayso disk, qaado disk offline ama khadka, iwm.

SFC

Hubiyaha Faylka Nidaamku^{(System File Checker)} runtii waa mid faa'iido leh sababtoo ah wuxuu baadhiyaa dhammaan faylalka nidaamka la ilaaliyo wuxuuna ku beddelaa nuucyada khaldan noocyada faylka saxda ah. Waxaa jiri doona marar badan marka faylalka nidaamka qaarkood ee Windows ay noqdaan kuwo musuqmaasuq ah oo hubiyaha faylka nidaamka ayaa kuu hagaajin doona si fudud. Kaliya waxaad socodsiisaa sfc /scannow oo waxay samayn doontaa iskaanka waxayna hagaajin doontaa wixii dhibaato ah. Waxay qaadataa waqti aad u yar, laakiin waa u qalantaa haddii aad qabto nooc kasta oo arrimo musuqmaasuq ah.

Dhowr amar oo kale oo aad waxtar u leh oo laga yaabo inaad ku dhameysato isticmaalkeeda ayaa ku taxan hoos:

• chkdsk - Waxay xaqiijisaa saxanka adag ama floppy diskka daacadnimada nidaamka faylka.
• nuqul^(copy) - Nuqullada laga soo qaado hal meel una guurto meel kale. Meesha ay u socoto waxay ku dhacaysaa hagaha hadda jira. Haddii ay jiraan faylal badan oo ilo, meesha loo socdo waa inay noqotaa buug hage ah haddii kale waxaad heli doontaa qalad.
• fc - Isbarbardhigga laba faylal ama qaybo faylal ah oo muujiya faraqa u dhexeeya
• fdisk - Wuxuu maamulaa miisaska qaybinta diskka^{(Manipulates)} adag. Marka laga ordo khadka taliska, waxay soo bandhigaysaa liiska hawlgallada qaybinta ee kala duwan.
• format – Tirtir^(Delete) dhammaan faylasha ku jira saxanka oo dib u habayn ugu samee MS-DOS^(MS-DOS) . Isticmaal^(Use) inta badan qaabaynta saxannada Floppy-ga ama saxannada kale ee la saari karo.
• scandisk – Disk utility ogaanshaha kaas oo ah beddelka utility CHKDSK .
• netstat - Waxay^(Shows) ku tusinaysaa dhammaan xidhiidhada hadda jira ee ka imanaya kombayutarka degaankaaga iyo wax kasta oo dibadda ah.

Taasi waa inay rajo ka qabtaa inaad kor u qaaddo oo aad socodsiiso sida loo isticmaalo oo aad u dhex gasho amarka amarka MS DOS ! Waxaad sidoo kale hubin kartaa boggan oo leh liiska dhammaan amarrada^{(all commands)} aad isticmaali karto isla markiiba. Haddii aad hayso su'aal, fadlan faallo ku dheji! Ku raaxayso!

Beginner’s Guide to the Windows Command Prompt

Earlier today I had to boot a client computer іnto safe mode and delete a virυs via the command prompt bеcause whenever Windows would lоad, the fіle would becomе locked and hence undeletable! Therе are several other reasons why you may have to use the command prоmpt in yоur life (though rarely), so it’s good to know how to navigate your way around!

If you have been meaning to learn how to use the command prompt in Windows, I’ll go through some of the basic commands that are performed most often. Just so everyone’s on the same page, you can get to the command prompt by going to Start and then click on Run and typing in CMD. In Windows 7, just click on Start and begin typing cmd. In Windows 8, you can just right-click on the Start button and choose Command Prompt.

You’ll now see a large black window with the cursor at the end of the path to your user profile in C:\Documents and Settings\Username or C:\Users\Username. So what to do now!? Well, since I can’t explain everything, you’ll probably want to end up using some of the help guides that are provided in MS DOS itself by typing in HELP and pressing Enter.

When you do that, you’ll get a list of all the commands you can use in MS DOS and a short description of what they do:

You can also find out more detailed information about the parameters and how to use each command by typing in the command name followed by a /?. For example, typing in CD /?, will present you with a quick tutorial on how to use the CD command:

As you can see from above, the MS DOS command CD displays the name of or changes the current directory. So if you wanted to change from the default user profile directory to the Windows System32 directory to delete a virus file, you would type in the following to navigate to that directory:

cd c:\window\system32 and press Enter

You current directory at the prompt will now change to:

Now that you are in that directory, you may want to view all of the files and directories first, so you can type in the command DIR and press Enter. You’ll now get a giant list of all of the files and folders in that directory. You can type in DIR /? and see what parameters you can pass to it.

As you can see, you could type in DIR /P to give the list in a paginated format that you can browse through slowly. Or you could type in DIR /W to get the list in a wide format rather than one single column. The cool thing about DOS is that you can include several parameters for each command, so you could type in DIR /P /W and get a page-by-page view along with wide format:

So now that we have a list of files and folders, let’s continue with our deleting a virus example. If you want to delete a file, you would use the DEL command. Again typing in DEL /? will give you some useful info on the command.

To delete a file, we can simply type in DEL filename and that will delete the file. When you use the command this way, it won’t prompt you to confirm before deleting the file, so make sure you have typed in the correct file name. Also, you have to enter the file name with the extension, so it would be DEL Test.txt to delete that file. Also, if you need to delete a file that has spaces in the name, you have to use quotes like DEL “This is a test.txt”.

If you need to create or delete folders, you would use the MKDIR and RMDIR commands. It’s worth noting that if you try to delete a non-empty directory, you will get an error message. However, if you are sure you want to delete the directory and everything inside, you can use the RMDIR /S foldername command.

There are lots of other commands that you can use to do all sorts of stuff like copy files, print text files, change file permissions, etc. So if you can do most of this stuff in Windows using the GUI interface, then why bother with DOS, right?

Firstly, you never know when something bad will happen to Windows and you’re stuck in the command prompt because nothing else will load. Also, any command you type in the command prompt, like we showed above, can be saved into a file with a .BAT extension and run anytime by just clicking on the file or can be scheduled to run using the Windows Scheduled Tasks Control Panel applet.

So if you want to be able to routinely perform some simple actions on your computer, like copying files from one folder to another, just type the commands into Notepad and save the file with a .BAT extension instead of as a text file. Basically, you have to choose All Files for the File Type option and then type in the name like “MyFile.bat” with the quotes included.

Let me mention a couple of other commands that prove to be very useful very often.

IPCONFIG

The IPCONFIG command gives you information about your network cards, IP addresses and also lets you renew your IP address. My favorite is ipconfig /all, which will give you detailed information about each network adapter on your computer. You can then use this info to figure out your router IP address (default gateway) and whether or not you’re getting an IP address from a DHCP server.

DISKPART

Again, when you end up with hard drive problems, this command can prove to be very useful. DISKPART lets you administer the hard disks installed on your computer. You can do things like set a partition to be the active partition, assign a drive letter to a partition, shrink a disk, take a disk offline or online, etc.

SFC

System File Checker is really useful because it scans all protected system files and replaces incorrect versions with correct file versions. There will be a lot of times when certain system files in Windows have become corrupt and system file checker will fix them for you easily. You just run sfc /scannow and it will perform a scan and fix any issues. It does take quite a bit of time, but worth it if you’re having any kind of corruption issues.

A couple of other very useful commands that you might have to end up using are listed below:

• chkdsk – Verifies a hard disk or a floppy disk for file system integrity.
• copy – Copies files from one location to another. The destination defaults to the current directory. If there are multiple source files, the destination must be a directory or else you will get an error.
• fc – Compares two files or sets of files and displays the differences between them
• fdisk – Manipulates hard disk partition tables. When run from the command line, it displays a menu of various partitioning operations.
• format – Delete all the files on the disk and reformat it for MS-DOS. Use mostly for formatting floppy disks or other removable disks.
• scandisk – Disk diagnostic utility that is a replacement for the CHKDSK utility.
• netstat – Shows you all the current connections from your local computer to anything external.

That should hopefully get you up and running on how to use and navigate in the MS DOS command prompt! You can also check out this site that has a list of all commands you can use at the command prompt. If you have a question, please post a comment! Enjoy!

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