Markii ugu dambeysay ee aad isticmaashay taleefankaaga in Khariidadaha Google ay tilmaamaan goobtaada saxda ah^{(Google Maps pinpoint your exact location)} ee khariidad, waligaa ma istaagtay oo ma yaabtay sida GPS - ku si sax ah ugu shaqeeyo?

Nidaamka meelaynta caalamiga ah^{(Global Positioning System)} ( GPS ) waxa dhab ahaantii bilaabay Waaxda^{(U.S. Department)} Difaaca Maraykanka^(Defense) 1973 (oo loo yaqaan NAVSTAR ). Sannadkii 1993-kii, waxa dhulka ku wareegaya 24 dayax-gacmeed oo GPS ah, waxaanay baahinayeen xog-obital iyo goob-joog ah oo ay ciidamadu u isticmaali karaan socdaallo iyo arrimo kale oo ciidan. ^(GPS)Maanta, sida qoraalkan, waxaa jira 28.

Sannadihii 1980-aadkii, xogta laga soo gudbiyay dayax-gacmeedyada GPS -ka ayaa loo furay dadweynaha, taas oo u furtay suuq dhan oo loogu talagalay noocyada kala duwan ee qalabka GPS -ka ee aan maanta haysanno. 

Sida qorista maqaalkan, Russia , China , Europe , iyo India dhamaantood waxay leeyihiin nidaam GPS firfircoon oo iyaga u gaar ah. Japan waxay horumarinaysaa nidaamkeeda GPS -ka oo loo qorsheeyay inuu shaqeeyo 2023.

Sidee buu GPS u shaqeeyaa?^{(How Does GPS Work?)}

Iyadoo GPS^(GPS) -ka tignoolajiyada dayax-gacmeedka ku salaysan tahay mid aad u horumarsan, habka uu nidaamku u shaqeeyo waa mid aad u fudud.

Waxa jira saddex qaybood oo ka mid ah nidaam kasta oo GPS -ka ee hagaha.

• Satellites : Satellite-ka GPS - ku wuxuu ku wareegaa dhulka^(Earth) wuxuuna u gudbiyaa waqtigooda hadda iyo meesha uu joogo dhammaan qalabka GPS -ka ee dhinacooda meeraha.
• Xarunta Taliska^{(Command Center)} : Xarunta talisku waxa ay gudbisaa xogta orbital, sixitaanka wakhtiga, iyo meesha ay ku wareegaan satalaytka kale ilaa satalaytka ku sugan orbit-ka.
• ^{(GPS Receivers)}Qaadayaasha GPS-ka : Qaadaha GPS -ka ee Dhulka^(Earth) wuxuu ka helaa waqtiyo orbital ah inta badan ee dayax-gacmeedyada dhexdooda, wuxuuna xisaabiyaa booskiisa dhulka^(Earth) isagoo ku saleynaya boosaska ugu yaraan afar satalayt GPS .

Qaadayaasha GPS^(GPS) -ku waxay isticmaalaan mabda'a xisaabeed ee loo yaqaan saddex-xagalka si ay u xisaabiyaan meesha ay ku sugan yihiin. 

Sidee U Shaqeeya Saddex Xagalka GPS^{(How Does GPS Triangulation Work)}

Meel kasta oo meeraha ka mid ah, haddii aad haysato aqbalaha GPS -ka (sida kan taleefankaaga ku jira), qaataha GPS -ka waxa uu ka helayaa stamps-ka wakhtiga saacadaha isku midka ah ee mid kasta oo ka mid ah dayax-gacmeedyada GPS -ka.^(GPS)

Iyadoo la adeegsanayo kala duwanaanshaha shaambada wakhtiga, iyo xawaaraha joogtada ah ee iftiinka ee ay hirarka raadiyaha ku socdaan, qaataha GPS wuxuu go'aamin karaa masaafada u dhaxaysa meesha aad ka taagan tahay dayax-gacmeed kasta.

Tani waxay ku siinaysaa GPS -ka-qaadeha radius of spheres oo leh satalaytka ee xarunta, iyo meesha aad ku taal cidhifka sphere.

Maadaama dayax-gacmeed kasta uu ku socdo wareeg la saadaalin karo oo dhulka ku dul wareegaya, qaataha waxa uu isticmaali karaa almanac kaydsan oo ah meesha hadda la og yahay ee dhammaan dayax-gacmeedyada GPS -ka si loo go'aamiyo halka, ku dhawaad, satalaytadaasi ay hadda ku yaaliin dhulka dushiisa.

Marka la eego booska la og yahay ee dayax-gacmeed kasta, iyo masaafada la qiyaasay ee u dhaxaysa satalaytkaas iyo booskaaga, GPS -kaagu wuxuu awood u leeyahay inuu xisaabiyo meesha aad ku dhowdahay adiga oo go'aaminaya halka ay is-goysyada saddexda qaybood ay isugu yimaadaan dusha sare ee Dhulka^(Earth) .

Soo-qaaduhu wuxuu markaa kuugu tusayaa goobtaas khariidad.

Saddex dayax-gacmeed ayaa bixiya meel qallafsan, iyo kuwa qaata GPS -ku waxay u baahan yihiin calaamada afaraad ee dayax-gacmeedka GPS -ka si loo go'aamiyo joogga aad hadda ku sugan tahay oogada Dhulka iyadoo la adeegsanayo mabda' kale oo xisaabeed oo loo yaqaan trilateration.

Sida Sensor GPS Taleefankaaga u Shaqeeyo^{(How Your Phone GPS Sensor Works)}

Inta badan talefannada casriga ah ee casriga ah maanta waxay la yimaaddaan chip-ka qaataha GPS -ka. Chip-kani waxa uu calaamadaha raadiyaha ka heli karaa satalaytka GPS -ka.

Saacada talefankaagu maaha saacada atomiga, markaa wakhtigeedu kuma eka saacadaha atomiiga ee satalaytka ku jira orbit-ka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tani macno ma leh marka ay timaaddo xisaabinta goobta iyadoo la adeegsanayo calaamadaha satalaytkaas.

Tani waa sababta oo ah qaataha GPS -ka ee taleefankaaga ayaa diiradda saaraya xogta uu ka helo satalaytka, iyo keydka xogta meelaha dayax-gacmeedka ee la yaqaan ee dhulka^(Earth) . Maadaama dhammaan satalaytyadu ay leeyihiin saacad atomic, wakhtiga hadda ee dayax gacmeedyadu waa isku mid wakhti kasta.

Si kastaba ha noqotee, fogaanta dayax-gacmeedka, iyo xaqiiqda ah in calaamadaha raadiyaha ay ku socdaan xawaaraha iftiinka, farqiga u dhexeeya mid kasta oo la helay ayaa muujinaya fogaanshaha u dhexeeya telefoonkaaga iyo mid kasta oo ka mid ah dayax-gacmeedka.

Waa kan sida habka GPS-ku u shaqeeyo:

• Dhammaan afarta satalayt waxay ku gudbiyaan isla wakhtiga saxda ah ee taleefankaaga 5:12:14 galabnimo.
• Taleefankaagu wuxuu helayaa wakhtigaas 5:12:15 ee satalaytka 1.
• Waxa ay ku helaysaa shaambada wakhtiga 5:12:16 ee satalaytka 2.
• Ugu dambayntii, 5:12:17, waxay ka helaysaa shaabadda wakhtiga ee dayax gacmeedka 3.

Tani waxay u sheegaysaa qaataha GPS -ka in ay ku qaadatay 1 ilbiriqsi in signalka raadiyaha uu ka soo gaaro satalaytka 1, 2 sekan ee dayax gacmeedka 2, iyo 3 sekan ee dayax gacmeedka 3.

Xawaaraha iftiinka waa mid joogto ah oo la og yahay 299,792,458 mitir ilbiriqsikii.

Isticmaalka xisaab fudud, qaataha waxa uu xisaabin karaa in masaafo dhan 300 kun oo mitir u jirta dayax-gacmeedka 1, 600 kun oo mitir u jirta dayax-gacmeedka 2, iyo 900 kun oo mitir u jirta dayax-gacmeedka 3.

Isticmaalka miis-ka -fiirinta xogta xogta dayax-gacmeedka GPS -ka, qaataha ^(GPS)GPS -ka ee teleefankaaga wuxuu garanayaa qiyaasta goobta hadda ee dhulka dhammaan saddexda satalayt, kaas oo bixiya dhererka iyo isku-duwayaasha latitude ee dhammaan saddexda. 

Macluumaadkaas, talefankaagu wuxuu awood u leeyahay inuu xisaabiyo dhererkaaga iyo isku-duwayaasha latitude-gaaga^{(your own longitude and latitude coordinates)} ee Dhulka.

Adigoo isticmaalaya isku-duwayaashaada la yaqaan, qaataha GPS -ka ayaa markaa isticmaali kara masaafada u dhexeysa laftiisa iyo dayax-gacmeedka afaraad si loo go'aamiyo joogga ka sarreeya Dhulka^(Earth) aad ku taal.

Waa maxay Nidaamka Meelaynta Caalamiga ah ee la Caawiyo?^{(What Is An Assisted Global Positioning System?)}

Ka hor intaysan talefannada casriga ahi bilaabin isku-xidhka wareegga wareegga GPS - ka, dadku caadi ahaan waxay isticmaali jireen qaatayaasha GPS -ka gacanta ee ka baxsan baytariyada AA. Ama waxay ku rakibi lahaayeen cutubyada GPS -ka ee baabuurta, kuwaas oo ku xiran batteriga taleefanka.

Tani waxay ahayd sababtoo ah isgaarsiinta raadiyaha waxay u baahan tahay awood dheeraad ah. Xaddidaadda tan ayaa ah in aad inta badan sugaysay dhowr miridh soo -dhoweeyahaaga GPS -ku inuu "ku xidho" satalaytka GPS ee kugu filan si loo xisaabiyo booskaaga.

Soosaarayaasha taleefannada casriga ah waxay heleen xaddidnaantan batteriga iyagoo isku daraya tignoolajiyada jira ee saddex-xagalka gacanta. Muddo dheer^(Long) ka hor intaan talefannada GPS -ku shaqayn, waxay isticmaali karaan calaamado ka imanaya munaaradaha taleefanka gacanta si ay u saddex geeseeyaan booskaaga, iyagoo isticmaalaya nooc la mid ah shaambada wakhtiga saddex-geesoodka ah iyo farsamada fogaanta sida satelaytyada GPS -ka. 

Nasiib darro, sababta oo ah munaaradaha taleefanka gacanta ayaa ah heerka dhulka, xisaabintan marineed aad ayey uga yar tahay sax. Markaa software-ka GPS -ka ee casriga ah ayaa marka hore isticmaali doona saddex-geesoodka calaamada unugga si uu u go'aamiyo booskaaga ku dhow, ka dibna cusboonaysii booskaas marka xogta GPS -ka ee dayax-gacmeedku diyaar noqoto.

Tani waxay u oggolaanaysaa taleefannada casriga ah ee casriga ah inay xafidaan awoodda batteriga iyagoo isticmaalaya kaliya xogta GPS -ka marka la cusbooneysiiyo goobtaas. Tani waa sababta aad inta badan u arki karto goobtaada ^{(see your location)}Khariidadaha Google^{(Google Maps)} -ka marmarka qaarkood u booda meel cusub marka xog sax ah la helo.

HDG Explains : How Does GPS Work?

The last time you used your phone to hаve Google Maps pinpoint your exact location on a map, did you ever stop and wonder how does GPS work so accurately?

The Global Positioning System (GPS) system was actually launched by the U.S. Department of Defense in 1973 (known as NAVSTAR). By 1993, there were 24 GPS satellites orbiting the Earth and broadcasting orbital and positional data that the military could use for navigational and other military purposes. Today, as of this writing, there are 28.

In the 1980s, data transmitted from GPS satellites were opened up to the public, which opened up an entire market for the wide assortment of GPS navigation devices we have today. 

As of the writing of this article, Russia, China, Europe, and India all have their own active GPS systems. Japan is developing its own GPS system slated to be operational in 2023.

How Does GPS Work?

While the satellite technology GPS is based on is very advanced, the way the system operates is impressively simple.

There are three components to any individual GPS navigational system.

• Satellites: GPS satellites orbit the Earth and transmit their current time and orbital position to all GPS receivers on their side of the planet.
• Command Center: The command center transmits orbital data, time corrections, and the orbital position of other satellites up to the satellites in orbit.
• GPS Receivers: A GPS receiver on Earth receives orbital times from as many satellites within range, and calculates its own position on Earth based on the positions of at least four GPS satellites.

GPS receivers utilize a mathematical principle known as triangulation to calculate its own location. 

How Does GPS Triangulation Work

From any point on the planet, if you’re holding a GPS receiver (like the one in your phone), a GPS receiver receives time stamps from the synchronized clocks on each of the GPS satellites overhead.

Using the differences in timestamps, and the constant speed of light at which radio waves travel, the GPS receiver can determine the distance between where you’re standing to each satellite.

This provides the GPS receiver with the radius of the spheres with the satellites at the center, and your location at the edge of the sphere.

Since each satellite travels in a predictable orbit over the earth, the receiver can use a stored almanac of the current known position of all GPS satellites to determine where, approximately, those satellites are currently located over the earth.

With the known position of each satellite, and the measured distance between those satellites and your position, your GPS receive is able to calculate your approximate location by determining where the intersection of those three spheres come together on the surface of the Earth.

The receiver then displays that location to you on a map.

Three satellites provide a rough location, and GPS receivers require a fourth signal from another GPS satellite to determine your current altitude on the Earth’s surface using another mathematical principle known as trilateration.

How Your Phone GPS Sensor Works

Most modern smartphones today come equipped with a GPS receiver chip. This chip can receive the radio signals from GPS satellites.

Your phone’s clock is not an atomic clock, so its time isn’t synced with the atomic clocks of the satellites in orbit. However, this doesn’t matter when it comes to calculating location using signals from those satellites.

This is because your phone’s GPS receiver is focusing on the data it receives from the satellites, and a database of known satellite locations over the Earth. Since all of the satellites do have an atomic clock, the current time on each satellite is exactly the same at any given moment.

However, due to distance from the satellite, and the fact that the radio signals travel at the speed of light, the differences between each received timestamp reveals the distance between your phone and each of the satellites.

Here’s how this GPS process works:

• All four satellites transmit the same exact timestamp to your phone at 5:12:14 PM.
• Your phone receives that timestamp at 5:12:15 from satellite 1.
• It receives the timestamp at 5:12:16 from satellite 2.
• Finally, at 5:12:17, it receives the timestamp from satellite 3.

This tells your GPS receiver that it took 1 second for the radio signal to reach it from satellite 1, 2 seconds from satellite 2, and 3 seconds from satellite 3.

The speed of light is a known constant of 299,792,458 meters per second.

Using simple math, the receiver can calculate that its distance is roughly 300 thousand meters from satellite 1, 600 thousand meters from satellite 2, and 900 thousand meters from satellite 3.

Using a lookup table from a GPS satellite database, your phone’s GPS receiver knows the approximate current location over the earth of all three satellites, which provides longitude and latitude coordinates of all three. 

With that information, your phone is able to calculate your own longitude and latitude coordinates on the Earth.

Using your known coordinates, your GPS receiver can then use the distance measured between itself and a fourth satellite to determine what altitude above the Earth you’re located.

What Is An Assisted Global Positioning System?

Before smartphones started integrating GPS circuitry, people typically would use handheld GPS receivers that ran off AA batteries. Or they would install GPS units in cars, which ran connected to the phone’s battery.

This was because radio communication requires more power. The limitation of this is that you often had to wait several minutes for your GPS receiver to “lock onto” enough GPS satellites to calculate your position.

Smartphone manufacturers got around this battery limitation by combining its existing technology of cellular triangulation. Long before phones were GPS enabled, they could use signals coming from cellphone towers to triangulate your position, using the same sort of triangulation timestamp and distance technology as with GPS satellites. 

Unfortunately, because cell phone towers are at ground level, this navigational calculation is far less accurate. So your smartphone GPS software will first use cell signal triangulation to determine your approximate position, and then update that position once satellite GPS data is ready.

This allows modern smartphones to reserve battery power by only using GPS data when those location updates are required. This is why you may often see your location on Google Maps occasionally jump to a new location when more accurate data is available.

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