Intarneedka oo ay ka buuxaan erayo jahawareer leh oo aan la aqoon^{(confusing and unfamiliar acronyms)} , way fududahay in lagu jahawareeriyo. Mid ka mid ah ereyada soo gaabinta ee laga yaabo inaad maqashay laakiin marnaba ma dareemin dhiirigelin inaad eegto waa "API".

Waa maxay API ? API waa erey la soo gaabiyey oo loogu talagalay interface programming interface^{( application programming interface)} , waana magac loogu talagalay nidaamyo iyo hab-maamuusyo ka dhigaya habka loo dhisayo codsiyada software mid aad u fudud.

Habka fudud ee API -ga loo eego waa sida khariidad waddo oo kale oo u sheegaysa qaybaha qayb ka mid ah software-ka sida loola falgalo. Isticmaalka API la'aanteed , koodka isha waxa uu u ekaan karaa khariban, jahawareer.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, API-yadu^(APIs) waa adag yihiin waxayna u baahan yihiin wax ka badan soo koobid kooban. Maqaalkan, aan dulmarno sida API-yadu^(APIs) u shaqeeyaan iyo meelaha iyo adeegyada ay isticmaalaan.

Waa maxay API iyo sidee buu u shaqeeyaa?^{(What Is An API and How Does It Work?)}

Hadda oo aan xaqiijinay in API -ku yahay nidaam joogto ah oo tilmaamaya software jihada saxda ah, sidee ayay tani u wada shaqeysaa?

Habka ugu fiican ee lagu sharxi karo shaqada aasaasiga ah ee API waa in la bixiyo tusaale adduunka dhabta ah. Adeegyada gaarsiinta cuntada^(Food) , sida GrubHub , ayaa si cajiib ah caan u ah hadda, haddaba aan ka wada hadalno sida koodhka ka dambeeya apps-ka moobaylka sida kuwan uu u shaqayn karo.

Markaad ka raadiso makhaayad ama shay cunto ah mid ka mid ah abkan, waxaad helaysaa natiijooyin laxidhiidha oo ku salaysan ereyada muhiimka ah iyo goobtaada. Markaad doorato natiijada, waxaa lagugu soo bandhigay ikhtiyaarada shay cunto, wakhtiyada keenista, iyo doorashooyin u gaar ah makhaayadda.

Si loo jadwaleeyo keenistaada, waa in uu dhacaa xidhiidhka ka dhexeeya websaydka gudbinta iyo kaydka xogta -websiteku waa xaga hore iyo kaydka xogta oo ah dhabarka dambe. Xog-ururintu waa waxa kaydiya xogta dhammaan makhaayadahan, helitaankooda goob kasta, jadwalka hawlgalka, menu-yada, iyo in ka badan.

API waa xidhiidhka ka dhexeeya xogtan iyo mareegaha ama abka soo bandhigaya xogtiisa. Waa muhiim in API uu joogo si loo abuuro xidhiidhkan, halkii la isticmaali lahaa xogta adag ee summadaysan, ugu horrayn sababta oo ah caannimada is-dhexgalka qolo saddexaad. 

Tusaale ahaan, waxay faa'iido u yeelan lahayd mareegaha haddii isku-darka dhinac saddexaad ay awoodaan inay liis gareeyaan oo habeeyaan dhammaan makhaayadaha iyo alaabta ay leedahay, sax? API la'aanteed , tani suurtagal ma noqon doonto haddii aan la isticmaalin farsamooyinka xoqitaanka shabakadda ee aan waxtar lahayn.

API waa isku xidhka mas'uul ka ah ka gudbinta xogta xogta kaydka codsiga, ha ahaato shabakad, abka mobaylka, ama wax kale. API-yadu^(APIs) waxay noqdeen habka caadiga ah ee gelitaanka iyo xidhiidhka xogta codsiga ee shabakada oo dhan, iyo shabakad kasta ama adeeg kasta oo weyn oo ku xidhan isku xidhka qolo saddexaad ayaa si weyn uga faa'iidaysata bixinta mid.

Waa maxay Noocyada API-yada jira?^{(What Types Of APIs Are There?)}

Waxaa jira dhowr nooc oo kala duwan oo borotokool API ah, laakiin saddexda ugu caansan waa SOAP ( Habka Helitaanka Shayga Fudud^{(Simple Object Access Protocol)} ), REST ( Wareejinta Gobolka^{(Representational State Transfer)} ), iyo RPC ( Wacitaanka Nidaamka Fog^{(Remote Procedure Call)} ).

API-yada SOAP^{(SOAP APIs)}

SOAP waxaa markii ugu horreysay la soo bandhigay dabayaaqadii 1990-meeyadii, waxayna awood u siisay codsiyada inay u wadaagaan kheyraadka si fudud iyadoo la adeegsanayo isku xirka shabakadda. SOAP waxay ku tiirsan tahay hab-maamuusyada caadiga ah, sida HTTP iyo SMTP , kuwaas oo awood u siinaya in loo isticmaalo guud ahaan deegaan kasta sababtoo ah caannimada borotokoolka noocaan ah.

Xooggeeda ugu weyn waa in si ballaaran loo isticmaalo oo la aasaasay. Haddii aysan jabin, ha hagaajin.

REST APIs

REST waxaa soo bandhigay 2000 Roy Fielding . Hadafka dhow wuxuu ahaa in ay u dhaqmaan sidii ay uga jawaab celin lahaayeen arrimo badan oo ay abuurtay qaadashada baahsan ee SAANUUNKA^(SOAP) .

Si la mid ah SOAP , REST waxay ku tiirsan tahay HTTP si ay u gudbiyaan macluumaadka u dhexeeya codsiyada. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, hal farqi weyn oo ka soocaya SOAP , kaas oo u baahan xogta in lagu gudbiyo qaabka xogta XML , waa in ay taageerto JSON . JSON waa qaab xog ah oo dad badani isku raaceen inay fududahay in la akhriyo oo la qoro. Intaa waxaa dheer, REST APIs waxay kaydin karaan xogta, taasoo u oggolaanaysa waxqabad aad u wanaagsan.

REST hadda waxay ka dhigan tahay in ka badan 80% dhammaan API-yada^(APIs) , marka loo eego warbixintii 2017 ee Cloud Elements .

API-yada RPC^{(RPC APIs)}

RPC APIs waxay ku yimaadaan dhadhan badan, laakiin sida aan ka baranay API-yada REST^{(REST APIs)} , JSON waa qaab xogeed aad loo jecel yahay, markaa JSON-RPC waa tan ugu caansan.

JSON-RPC waa hab-maamuus ku habboon kuwa yar yar iyo isticmaalayaasha ku tiirsan toosnaanta API -gooda . Aad bay u yar tahay baaxadeeda marka la barbar dhigo SAABUUNKA^(SOAP) iyo nasashada^(REST) , waana mid aad u xaddidan dabacsanaanteeda iyo amarrada-laakin qaar horumariyayaal ah, wax yar ayaa ka sii badan.

Waxaa jira noocyo kale oo RPC-ku-saleysan API , sida gRPC, laakiin JSON-RPC waa go-to haddii mudnaantaadu tahay fudaydka fulinta.

Yaa Isticmaala API-yada?^{(Who Uses APIs?)}

Horumarinta nooc kasta ha ahaato, ha ahaato dhanka hore ama dambeedka, waa inay khibrad u yeeshaan la shaqaynta API-yada^(APIs) . Marka la eego mareegaha ama adeegyada mareegaha, dhab ahaantii dhammaan ciyaartoyda waaweyn waxay leeyihiin nooc API ah oo la heli karo-ka ugu cad waa Windows .

Iyada oo Microsoft Windows uu yahay nidaamka hawlgalka ugu caansan meeraha, waa wax dabiici ah oo kaliya in horumariyayaal arji ah ay u baahan doonaan habraacyo sida loola macaamilo UI. La'aanteed la'aanteed API-ga Windows^{(Windows API)} , barnaamijaynta arjiga si weyn ugu tiirsan la falgalka nidaamka hawlgalka waxay noqon doontaa madax xanuun weyn.

Waxaa jira kumanaan API-yo^(APIs) ah , qaar bilaash ah iyo qaar la bixiyay. Waa kuwan dhawr tusaale oo mudan in la eego:

• Google Play Developer API : Daabacaada iyo maamulka abka hawlaha la xidhiidha Google Play
• Skyscanner APIs : API- ^(:)yada^(APIs) ku saleysan safarka eela xiriira duulimaadyada, kirada baabuurta, iyo in ka badan
• Twilio API : Oggolow^(Allows) dirida iyo helida barnaamij ahaan wicitaanada telefoonka
• Discord API : Waxay u ogolaataa isticmaalayaasha inay abuuraan bots-ka samaynta Discord adeegga fariimaha ee ay maanta tahay
• IPinfo API : Ciwaanka ^{(: )}IP-ka ee duulaya^{(On-the-fly IP)} iyo xogta goobta goobta ee mareegahaaga ama abka

API-yadu^(APIs) waa mid ka mid ah isku xidhayaasha furaha ah ee ka dambeeya qaar ka mid ah mareegaha iyo codsiyada ugu weyn uguna muhiimsan mareegaha. Iyadoo celceliska isticmaale laga yaabo inuusan awoodin inuu arko faa'iidada APIs ay bixiso, waxay ilaah u yihiin horumarinta iyo adeegyada shabakada.

HDG Explains: What Is An API?

On an іnternet filled wіth confusing and unfamiliar acronyms, it can be easy to become confused. One web acronym you may have heard but never felt inspired to look into is “API”.

What is an API? API is an acronym for application programming interface, and is a name for a set of routines and protocols that make the process of building software applications much easier.

A simple way to look at an API is as a roadmap that tells the components of a piece of software how to interact. Without the use of an API, source code could look like a jumbled, confusing mess.

However, APIs are complex and require more than a brief summarization. In this article, let’s go over how APIs work and what sites and services use them.

What Is An API and How Does It Work?

Now that we have established that an API is a set of routines that point software in the right direction, how exactly does this all work?

The best way to explain the core functionality of an API is to provide a real-world example. Food delivery services, such as GrubHub, are incredibly popular right now, so let’s discuss how the code behind mobile apps like these might work.

When you search for a restaurant or item of food on one of these apps, you receive relevant results based on your keywords and location. Upon selecting a result, you’re presented with food item options, delivery times, and more restaurant-specific options.

To schedule your delivery, a connection between the delivery website and a database must occur—the website being the frontend and the database being the backend. The database is what stores the data for all of these restaurants, their availability per location, operation schedule, menus, and more.

The API is the connection between this database and the website or app that is presenting its data. It’s important that an API is present to create this connection, rather than using hard-coded data, primarily because of the popularity of third-party integrations. 

For example, it would be beneficial for a website if third-party aggregators were able to list and organize all of the restaurants and items it has available, right? Without an API, this wouldn’t be possible without using inefficient web-scraping techniques.

The API is the interface responsible for delivering the data from the database to the application, be it a website, mobile app, or anything else. APIs have become the standard way of accessing and communicating application data across the web, and every major website or service that depends on third-party connectivity greatly benefits by providing one.

What Types Of APIs Are There?

There are multiple different types of API protocols, but the three most popular are SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol), REST (Representational State Transfer), and RPC (Remote Procedure Call).

SOAP APIs

SOAP was first introduced in the late 1990s and enabled applications to share resources in a simple way through using network connections. SOAP relies on standard protocols, such as HTTP and SMTP, which enable it to be used across practically every environment due to the popularity of such protocols.

Its main strength is that it is widely used and established. If it ain’t broke, don’t fix it.

REST APIs

REST was introduced in 2000 by Roy Fielding. Its immediate goal was to act as a response to many of the issues that were created by the widespread adoption of SOAP.

Similar to SOAP, REST relies on HTTP to transfer information between applications. However, one major difference that sets it apart from SOAP, which requires data to be transmitted via the XML data format, is that it supports JSON. JSON is a data format that many agree is easier to read and write. Additionally, REST APIs can cache data, allowing for much better performance.

REST now accounts for more than 80% of all APIs, according to a 2017 report by Cloud Elements.

RPC APIs

RPC APIs come in many flavors, but as we learned from REST APIs, JSON is a very popular data format, so JSON-RPC is its most popular.

JSON-RPC is a protocol best suited for minimalists and users who rely on the straightforwardness of their API. Its much narrower in scope when compared to SOAP and REST, and it’s very limited in its flexibility and set of commands—but for some developers, less is more.

There are other RPC-based API types, such as gRPC, but JSON-RPC is the go-to if your priority is the simplicity of implementation.

Who Uses APIs?

Developers of any kind, be it frontend or backend, should have experience working with APIs. In terms of websites or web services, practically all of the major players have some sort of API available—the most obvious being Windows.

With Microsoft Windows being the most popular operating system on the planet, it’s only natural that application developers will need a set of guidelines for how to interact with its UI. Without access to the Windows API, programming an application that relies heavily on interacting with the operating system would be a major headache.

There are thousands of APIs out there, some free and some paid. Here are just a few examples worth looking into:

• Google Play Developer API: Publishing and app-management tasks related to Google Play
• Skyscanner APIs: Travel-based APIs relating to flights, car hires, and more
• Twilio API: Allows programmatic sending and receiving of phone calls
• Discord API: Allows users to create the bots that make Discord the messaging service it is today
• IPinfo API: On-the-fly IP address and geolocation data for your website or app

APIs are one of the key connectors behind some of the web’s largest and most important websites and applications. While the average user may not be able to see the benefit that APIs provide, they are a godsend to developers and web services.

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