RFID ama Tignoolajiyada Aqoonsiga Soo noqnoqoshada Raadiyaha^{(Radio-Frequency Identification)} ayaa meel walba yaal. Kaararka aqoonsiga shaqaalaha^{(Employee ID)} , alaabta aad ka soo gadato dukaanka iyo xitaa gudaha xayawaankayaga. Waa tignoolajiyad fudud oo xariif ah oo ku imanaysa adduunkeeda halkaas oo wax walba si isa soo taraysa loogu digiteeyay. Aad bay^(Quite) u cajab galisay tignoolajiyada la isticmaalayey ilaa dagaalkii labaad ee aduunka^{(World War II)} . 

Taas oo ka dhigaysa wakhtigan wakhti fiican si aad naftaada u barato waxa RFID yahay iyo isticmaalka kala duwan ee maanta loo isticmaalo.

Qaybaha Jirka ee RFID^{(The Physical Components Of RFID)}

Nidaamka RFID wuxuu ka kooban yahay laba qaybood oo waaweyn. Marka hore^(First) , waxaad haysataa summada RFID^(RFID) lafteeda. Tani waxay ka kooban tahay macluumaadka aqoonsiga, badanaa iyada oo la tixraacayo xog-ururin dibadeed oo weyn. Marka labaad, waxaan haynaa akhristaha RFID . Kani waa aaladda soo saarta macluumaadka ku kaydsan summada RFID^(RFID) . 

Maadaama tignoolajiyadani ay isticmaasho mowjadaha raadiyaha si ay u diraan una helaan macluumaadka, labadaba tags iyo akhristayaasha waxay u baahan yihiin nooc anteeno ah si ay u shaqeeyaan.

Calaamadaha RFID^(RFID) waxay ka kooban yihiin wareeg isku dhafan iyo anteeno. Si kale haddii loo dhigo microchip ka kooban qaybaha elegtarooniga ah ee ku dhex jira. Wareegga isku dhafan wuxuu ku xiran yahay anteeno yar. Qaybahani waxay ka siman yihiin dhammaan summada RFID^(RFID) , laakiin waxay ku kala duwan yihiin cabbirka, qaabka iyo muuqaalka. Iyada oo ku xidhan waxa loo isticmaalo. 

Tusaale ahaan, kaararka aqoonsiga shaqaalaha ee loo isticmaalo in albaabbada loo furo RFID inta u dhaxaysa go'yaal balaastik ah. Marka la geliyo noolaha, chip RFID wuxuu ku fadhiyaa gudaha kaabsal dhalo dhexdhexaad ah. Magacaabid laakiin laba waji.

Xogta gudaha Chips RFID^{(The Data Inside RFID Chips)}

Calaamadaha RFID^(RFID) waxay leeyihiin meel wax lagu kaydiyo oo aad u yar. Inta badan summada waxay haystaan ​​qol ku filan oo keliya 96 bits. Inkastoo ilaa 2000 bits ay suurtagal tahay.

Tixgeli in jaantuska ASCII^(ASCII) ee la fidiyey uu isticmaalo sideed xabbadood xaraf kasta, mana jirto meel badan. Meesha la heli karo, waxa suurtogal ah in lagu kaydiyo wax sida magac ama lambar telefoon. Si kastaba ha ahaatee aad ayey ugu badan tahay xogta lagu kaydiyo gudaha chip RFID in la tixraaco diiwaanka xogta dibadda.

Chips- yada RFID^(RFID) sidoo kale waxay leeyihiin xasuus ku kala duwan xagga akhriska iyo qoraalka. Inta badan jajabyada RFID waxay u badan tahay inay noqdaan nooca akhrinta-kaliya. Halka xogta aan laga beddeli karin sanduuqa. Maadaama lambarka kaydsan ee RFID lagu xidhidhi karo xog kasta oo la galiyo, tani waa hab caan ah oo qiimo leh oo loo isticmaalo tiro badan oo summada RFID^(RFID) ah . Waxa kale oo ay caawisaa in tirooyinka taxanaha ahi ay yihiin kuwo gaar ah oo aan la faragelin karin. Tani waa nooca summada aad ka heli doonto dhalooyinka kiniinka iyo alaabta kale ee la soo saaro.

Waxa kale oo jira kaarar-hal-qoris, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan "barnaamijyada goobta" RFID chips. Chips-yadani waxay yeelan karaan xog iyaga loo qoro hal mar, laakiin wixii markaa ka dambeeya kaliya ayaa laga akhriyi karaa. Kuwani waxay faa'iido u leeyihiin codsiyada yar yar. Kadibna waxaad haysataa tags-akhris, kuwaas oo dib loo qori karo haddii loo baahdo.

Maxay yihiin Tags RFID firfircoon vs Passive RFID?^{(What Are Active vs Passive RFID Tags?)}

Waxaa jira laba nooc oo waaweyn oo sumadda RFID^(RFID) ah. Midka ay dadka intiisa badan la kulmaan waa dadban. Ma laha il koronto oo ay iyadu leedahay. Taa baddalkeeda, waxay tamar ka heleysaa akhristaha RFID iyada oo loo sii marayo anteenada, taas oo ay u isticmaasho si ay u daadiso kaydkeeda xogta yar.

Faa'iidooyinka calaamadaha RFID dadban ayaa badan. Maadaama aysan u baahnayn dayactir ama awood, waxay si joogto ah ugu dhejin karaan walxaha. Tani waxay fududaynaysaa in laga ilaaliyo waxyeellada ama in la qariyo.

Dhinaca hoose ayaa ah in calaamadaha dadban ay leeyihiin kala duwanaansho gaaban marka loo eego calaamadaha firfircoon. Kaas oo leh ilo koronto oo gudaha ah oo u oggolaanaya inay si joogto ah u baahiyaan signalkooda ama waqtiyo go'an. Tiknoolajiyada RFID^(RFID) waxay isticmaashaa awood aad u yar, sidaas darteed xitaa unugyada firfircooni waxay socon karaan waqti aad u badan iyaga oo aan u baahnayn dib-u-kicin ama batari cusub.

Inta jeer ee RFID^{(RFID Frequencies)}

Calaamadaha RFID^(RFID) waxay ku shaqeeyaan dhawr xabbo oo soo noqnoqda oo kala duwan:

• Soo noqnoqoshada hooseeya: 30 Khz - 500 KHz . Calaamadahani waxay leeyihiin qiyaaso aad u gaaban, badanaaba kaliya inji.
• Soo noqnoqoshada sare: 3MHz - 30MHz. Calaamadahani waxay u dhexeeyaan inji ilaa cag.
• Soo noqnoqda aadka u sarreeya: 300Mhz - 960 MHz . Celcelis ahaan 25 cagood.
• Inta jeer ee Microwave^{(Microwave Frequency)} : 2.45GHz, oo leh qiyaaso ka badan 30 cagood.

Calaamadaha daahsoon ayaa badanaa ah mid hoose ama Sare- Frequency , oo leh calaamadaha Ultra-high iyo Microwave Frequency waxay u baahan yihiin awood firfircoon oo ay ku shaqeyso. 

RFID & Smartphone NFC

Noocyo badan oo cusub, kuwa sare ee casriga ah ayaa leh sifo loo yaqaan " NFC " ama isgaarsiinta goobta u dhow^{(near-field communication)} . Kani waa habka isgaadhsiinta bilaa-waayirka ah ee adeegsata hab-maamuuska (asal ahaan luqadda) sida RFID . 

Farqiga weyn ee halkan ka jira ayaa ah in aaladaha NFC loo isticmaali karo labadaba akhristaha RFID oo ay ku ekaan karaan sumadaha ^(RFID)RFID . Waxa jira noocyo kala duwan oo loo isticmaalo tan, oo leh "kubado oo bixi" lacag-bixinta mobilada ee aan lala xidhiidhin ayaa ah tusaalaha ugu muhiimsan. Laba qalab oo NFC ah ayaa sidoo kale u diri kara xogta midba midka kale haddii ay ku dhow yihiin inay taabtaan.

NFC ma aha nidaam RFID caalami ah. Waxa kaliya oo ay ku shaqeysay 13.56Mhz-sare RFID band, taas oo ka dhigaysa mid aad u gaaban naqshad ahaan.

Xayiraadda RFID^{(RFID Blocking)}

Calaamadaha RFID waa la xannibi karaa iyadoo la isticmaalayo alaabta saxda ah. Mar haddii summada dadban ay u baahan yihiin inay si qurux badan ugu dhowaadaan akhristaha si ay u shaqeeyaan, waxay heleen isticmaalka kaararka bangiga. Wadamo badan waxaad hadda ku "taabsi kartaa oo ku bixin kartaa" mishiinnada kaararka. Tani waxay sidoo kale keentay nooc cusub oo dambi ah, halkaas oo lacag yar lagu xadi karo marka kaararkan lagu akhriyo boorsooyinka. 

Haddii kale, summada RFID^(RFID) waxay noqon kartaa nuqullo iyadoo la adeegsanayo akhristaha qarsoon. Tiknoolajiyada NFC^(NFC) ee taleefannada casriga ah waa hal dariiqo oo tan lagu samayn karo.

Taasi waa sababta RFID xannibaadda boorsooyinka^{(RFID blocking wallets)} hadda ay noqdeen caan. Kaararka ay ku jiraan tignoolajiyada RFID waxa lagu kaydin karaa boorso gaar ah oo ka hortagaysa in kaadhka la akhriyo iyada oo aan la ogayn cidda iska leh.

Isticmaalka badan ee RFID^{(The Many Uses Of RFID)}

Mid ka mid ah isticmaalka ugu horreeya uguna faa'iido badan ee tignoolajiyada RFID waxay ahayd la socodka xoolaha. Hadda waxa sido kale aad loo isticmaalaa si loola socdo alaabta, qaybaha iyo shay kasta oo kale ee la guuri karo. Tignoolajiyada RFID^(RFID) waxay la socon kartaa shay laga bilaabo halka lagu sameeyay ilaa halka lagu iibiyo.

RFID waa, sida kor ku xusan, loo isticmaalo kaararka bangiga, kaararka smart iyo hababka kala duwan ee aqoonsiga. Kor u kaca internetka ee walxaha^{(internet of things)} ( IoT ) waxay sidoo kale noqonaysaa qayb muhiim ah oo ka mid ah digitization walxaha jirka.

Xayawaanka iyo dadka qaar^{(some humans)} ayaa sidoo kale lagu duraa calaamadaha RFID . Xayawaanka rabaayada ah, waa hab lagu soo kabsado xoolaha lumay. Bini'aadamka waxay sidoo kale yeelan karaan codsiyo caafimaad, maadaama nidaamyada RFID qaarkood ay sidoo kale ku jiri karaan dareemayaasha.

RFID , ama wax la mid ah, waa hubaal in ay door weyn ka ciyaaraan bixinta walxaha iyo hay'adaha dhabta ah ee aqoonsiga dhijitaalka ah. Mar kasta oo wax walba ay noqdaan kuwo si toos ah u shaqeeya, waa habka kaliya ee dhabta ah ee lagu hubin karo in aan ogaano halka ay wax walba yaalaan iyo waxa ku dhacaya.

HDG Explains : What Is RFID & What Can It Be Used For?

RFID or Radio-Frequency Identification technology is everywhere. Employee ID cards, on items you buy at a store and even inside our pets. It’s a simple yet ingenious technology that is coming into its own in a world where everything is increasingly digitized. Quite impressive for a technology that’s been in use since World War II. 

Which makes this a great time to familiarise yourself with what RFID is and the various uses it’s used for today.

The Physical Components Of RFID

An RFID system consists of two main components. First, you have the RFID tag itself. This contains the ID information, usually with reference to a large external database. Secondly, we have the RFID reader. This is the device that extracts the information stored in the RFID tag. 

Since this technology uses radio waves to send and receive information, both tags and readers need some form of antenna to work.

RFID tags consist of an integrated circuit and an antenna. In other words a microchip that has the electronic components inside it. The integrated circuit is connected to a tiny antenna. These components are common to all RFID tags, but they vary wildly in size, shape and appearance. Depending on what they are to be used for. 

For example, employee ID cards that are used to open doors layer the RFID between sheets of plastic. When inserted into living creatures, the RFID chip sits inside a biologically neutral glass capsule. To name but two approaches.

The Data Inside RFID Chips

RFID tags have very little storage space. Most tags only have enough room for 96 bits. Although as many as 2000 bits is possible.

Consider that the extended ASCII character set uses eight bits per character, and there isn’t much room. With the available space, it’s possible to store something like a name or telephone number. However it’s far more common for the data stored inside an RFID chip to reference a record in an external database.

RFID chips also have memory that varies in terms of readability and writability. Most RFID chips are likely to be of the read-only type. Where the data cannot be changed out of the box. Since the RFID’s stored number can be linked to any database entry, this is a popular and cost effective way to use large volumes of RFID tags. It also helps that the serial numbers are unique and can’t be tampered with. This is the sort of tag you’ll find on pill bottles and other mass-produced products.

There are also write-once cards, also known as “field programmable” RFID chips. These chips can have data written to them once, but from then on they can only be read from. These are useful for small-scale applications. Then you have read-write tags, which can be overwritten as needed.

What Are Active vs Passive RFID Tags?

There are two main variants of RFID tag. The one that most people encounter is passive. It has no power source of its own. Instead, it gets energy from the RFID reader via the antenna, which it uses to disgorge its tiny cache of data.

The advantages of passive RFID tags are many. Since it requires no maintenance or power, they can be permanently embedded in objects. This makes it easy to protect them from harm or to hide them.

The downside is that passive tags have a shorter range than active tags. Which have an internal power source that allows them to broadcast their signal constantly or at set intervals. RFID technology uses very little power, so even active units can run for a significant amount of time without needing a recharge or a new battery.

RFID Frequencies

RFID tags operate in a number of different frequency bands:

• Low-frequency: 30Khz – 500 Khz. These tags have very short ranges, usually only inches.
• High-frequency: 3MHz – 30MHz. These tags range from inches to feet.
• Ultra-high Frequency: 300Mhz – 960 MHz. An average 25-foot range.
• Microwave Frequency: 2.45GHz, with ranges over 30 feet.

Passive tags are usually either Low- or High- Frequency, with the Ultra-high and Microwave Frequency tags needing active power to work. 

RFID & Smartphone NFC

Many newer, higher-end models of smartphone have a feature known as “NFC” or near-field communication. This is a wireless communications feature that uses the same protocol (essentially the language) as RFID. 

The big difference here is that NFC devices can be used as both an RFID reader and can simulate RFID tags. There are all sorts of uses for this, with “tap and pay” contactless mobile payments being a prime example. Two NFC devices can also send data to each other if they are close enough to touch.

NFC is not a universal RFID system. It only operated on the 13.56Mhz high-frequency RFID band, making it very short range by design.

RFID Blocking

RFID signals can be blocked using the right materials. Since passive tags need to be pretty close to the reader to work, they’ve found use in bank cards. In many countries you can now “tap and pay” on card machines. This has also led to a new form of crime, where small amounts of money can be stolen by reading these cards through wallets. 

Alternatively,the RFID tag could potentially be copies using a surreptitious reader. NFC technology in smartphones is one way this can be done.

Which is why RFID blocking wallets have now become popular. Cards that contain RFID technology can be stored in a special pouch that prevents the card being read without the owner’s knowledge.

The Many Uses Of RFID

One of the earliest and most useful uses of RFID technology was tracking livestock. Now it’s also used extensively to track products, components and any other movable items. RFID technology can track an item from where it is made to where it is sold.

RFID is, as mentioned above, used in bank cards, smart cards and various authentication systems. With the rise of the internet of things (IoT) it’s also becoming an essential part of the digitization of physical objects.

Pets and some humans are also being injected with RFID tags. In the case of pets, it’s a way to recover lost animals. In humans they may also have medical applications, since some RFID systems can also include sensors.

RFID, or something like it, is almost certain to play a major role in giving real-world objects and entities a digital identity. As everything becomes more automated, it’s the only real way to make sure we know where everything is and what’s happening to it.

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