Si shabakada kombuyuutarku isku dhaafsadaan xogta iyo agabka, waxay qaadataa ururinta aaladaha kala duwan sida router, furayaasha, iyo kombiyuutarada. Shabakaddaasi waxay markaa u baahan doontaa inay raacdo borotokool, lagana yaabo inay dhawrto hab-maamuus, si loo dhiso xidhiidh habboon oo ka dhexeeya dhammaan qalabkaas. FTP iyo SFTP waa laba borotokool oo noocaas ah.

Waa maxay SFTP iyo FTP ? FTP waxay bixisaa hab lagu kala beddelo faylasha shabakada^{(exchanging files over the network)} halka SFTP ay u ogolaato gelitaanka, wareejinta, iyo maaraynta faylalka xogta xogta. FTP waa xogta waxaa loo diraa si qoraal ah halka SFTP ay qarinayso dhammaan xogta in la diro.

Farqiga aasaasiga ah ee u dhexeeya FTP iyo SFTP waa amniga. FTP ma bixiso kanaal sugan oo lagu kala wareejiyo faylalka aaladaha badan, halka SFTP ay bixiso . Sidaa darteed, SFTP waa ka ammaan badan tahay FTP . Si kastaba ha ahaatee, maqaalkani wuxuu si qoto dheer u iftiimin doonaa farqiga u dhexeeya labadan borotokool.

HDG wuxuu sharxayaa: Waa maxay SFTP & FTP?^{(HDG Explains: What Is SFTP & FTP?)}

Si aad u fahamto farqiga u dhexeeya SFTP iyo FTP , waa inaad marka hore si fiican u fahantaa waxa ay yihiin oo ay labadooduba sameeyaan. Adeegsigu wuu ku kala duwan yahay oo keliya dhexdooda haddana kala duwanaanshuhu wuu ka qoto dheer yahay marka loo eego jaleecada hore.

Waa maxay FTP?

FTP, ama F ile T ransfer P rotocol, waa hab-maamuuska shabakada caadiga ah kaas oo u ogolaanaya in faylasha lagu wareejiyo shabakad u dhaxaysa macmiilka (kombiyuutarka maxaliga ah) iyo server. 

Kahor^(Prior) nidaamyada hawlgalka ee leh interfaces isticmaale garaaf ahaan ( GUIs ) FTP waxaa loo sameeyay si loo diro loona helo faylasha u dhexeeya kombiyuutarada iyo shabakadaha qoraalka ku salaysan. Waxa ay ahayd mid ka mid ah barnaamijyadii asalka ahaa ee loo isticmaalay in lagu galo macluumaadka intarneedka ka hor intaysan iman H yper t ext T ransfer P rotocol (HTTP). 

Maanta, waxaa jira saddex siyaabood oo aasaasiga ah oo loo isticmaalo FTP : Macaamiisha FTP^{(FTP Clients)} garaafyada , Browser Web^{(Web Browser)} , iyo FTP- Command-line^{(Command-line FTP)} . Mid kastaa wuxuu ku habboon yahay codsiyo kala duwan oo ay ku jiraan desktop-yada, server-yada, aaladaha mobilada iyo aaladaha qalabka.

Macaamiisha FTP garaaf ahaan

Macaamiishani waxay ogolaadaan in faylalka lagu wareejiyo qaab jiid iyo jiid. Filezilla malaha waa macmiilka FTP ee bilaashka ah ee ugu caansan nidaamyada hawlgalka Windows . Wixii Mac ah waxaa jira Cyberduck . 

Caadi ahaan, marka aad furto barnaamijka, waxa aad geli doontaa martigeliyaha FTP -ga , magaca isticmaalaha, iyo erayga sirta ah. Waxaa laga yaabaa in server-yada qaar ay u dejiyaan si aad si qarsoodi ah u geliso, markaas oo laga yaabo in aan loo baahnayn magaca isticmaalaha iyo erayga sirta ah.

Waxaad markaa jiidi kartaa oo aad ku ridi kartaa faylasha iyo faylalka martigeliyaha ilaa server-ka (iyo beddelka), oo sug inta wareejintu dhammaynayso.

Browser Web

Isticmaalka biraawsarkaaga si aad ugu xidho server-ka FTP waxa ay u badantahay in aad loo yaqano maadaama aad ku xidhi karto ciwaanka FTP si la mid ah sidaad u xidhi lahayd ciwaanka ^(FTP)HTTP . Barowsarku waxa kale oo uu fududeeyaa in la baadho hagaha weyn, akhrinta faylasha, oo dib loo soo celiyo. Waxa kale oo ay ku siin doontaa adeegga maaraynta qaar ka mid ah faahfaahinta isku xirka goobta iyo wareejinta faylka si toos ah.

In kasta oo biraawsarka shabakadda FTP uu u ekaan karo mid ku habboon, haddana inta badan waa ka gaabiyaa oo waa ka yar yahay kalsoonida macmiilka FTP . Waxay sidoo kale u muuqdaan inay leeyihiin astaamo yar.

Khadka taliska FTP

Waxaa laga yaabaa inaadan garanayn laakiin nidaamkaaga qalliinka waxay u badan tahay inuu leeyahay macaamiil-tallaabo-ku-dhismay. Ilaa inta nidaamkaagu uu yahay Windows , Mac , ama Linux si kastaba. Furi nidaamkaaga qalliinka degdega ah (command prompt for Windows , Terminal for Mac , ama console for Linux ) si aad u bilowdo. 

Dabadeed, tusaale ahaan, ku qor

f tp ftp.empire.gov

Hadda taabo Gelida^(Enter) . Kadib, haddii aad gasho akoonkaaga, isticmaal magaca isticmaalaha iyo erayga sirta ah ee koontada. Haddii aad si qarsoodi ah u gasho, u isticmaal magacaaga qarsoodiga^(anonymous) ah iyo ciwaanka emailkaaga sida erayga sirta ah. 

Halkaa marka ay marayso, waxaad u baahan doontaa inaad ku jirto tusaha meesha ay ku kaydsan yihiin faylasha aad rabto inaad guurto. Waxaad geli kartaa amarka mput oo ay ku xigto magaca faylka ama faylka, oo taabo Gelida^{(Enter )} si aad u kiciso wareejinta.

Waxaa jira amarro badan oo aad ku baran karto, haddii aad rabto, kuwaas oo kaa caawin kara wareejinta FTP mustaqbalka . Jaamacadda Indiana^{(Indiana University)} waxay leedahay amarro FTP ah oo faa'iido leh oo yar si aad u hubiso haddii aad xiisaynayso.^(FTP)

Waa maxay SFTP?^{(What Is SFTP?)}

SFTP, oo u taagan S SH F ile T ransfer P rotocol, waa nidaam shabakad la mid ah FTP taas oo u oggolaanaysa gelitaanka faylka, wareejinta, iyo maareynta faylka laakiin ka sarreeya xog sugan oo la isku halleyn karo. 

Si ka duwan FTP , ma isticmaasho amarka iyo kanaalada xogta gaar ah. Taa beddelkeeda, waxay ku wareejisaa faylalka xirmooyin si gaar ah loo qaabeeyey oo hal xiriir ah. SSH ee magaca ku jira waxay u taagan tahay borotokoolka S ecure SH ell, kaas oo SFTP u yahay kordhin. Tani waxay ku siinaysaa badbaado dheeraad ah markaad isticmaalayso borotokoolka SFTP .

Waxaad u isticmaali kartaa SFTP si la mid ah siyaabaha lagu siiyo FTP , farqiga ugu weyn ayaa ah isku xirka sugan. Filezilla iyo Cyberduck waxay sidoo kale bixiyaan SFTP oo qayb ka ah xirmooyinkooda bilaashka ah taas oo hubaal ah wax aad rabto inaad ka faa'iidaysato.

Marka lagu xidho server-ka SFTP waxa ay u malaynaysaa in xidhiidhku ka socdo kanaal sugan. Tani waxay meesha ka saaraysaa baahida aqoonsiga macmiilka maadaama aqoonsiga isticmaalaha macmiilku la heli karo borotokoolka.

WordPress waa tusaale wanaagsan oo ah goob u oggolaanaysa isku xirka FTP iyo SFTP labadaba . Markaad isku dayayso inaad ku darto mawduuc aad kaydisay kombayutarkaaga ama server-ka, waxa lagama maarmaan noqon karta in mawduucaas lagu wareejiyo FTP ama SFTP . 

Tani waa si looga fogaado in WordPress uu diido khadadka koodka qaarkood ee mawduucaagu u baahan karo inta lagu jiro wareejinta caadiga ah. Tani waa run faylalka kale, maaha kaliya mawduucyada.

Farqiga Muhiimka ah ee u dhexeeya SFTP & FTP^{(Key Difference Between SFTP & FTP)}

Farqiga ugu caansan oo muuqda waa qeexida. SFTP waa hab-maamuus shabakad ammaan ah halka FTP aanu ahayn. Mid kale wuxuu noqon lahaa noocyada borotokoolka. FTP waa hab -maamuus ku salaysan TCP/IP . SFTP waa borotokool SSH ku salaysan. 

TCP/IP waxay u taagan tahay T madax furashada C ontrol P rotocol/ I nternet P rotocol. Si kale haddii loo dhigo, waa hab-maamuuska caadiga ah ee maamula isgaadhsiinta dhammaan kumbiyuutarrada ku jira internetka.

• FTP waxay dejinaysaa isku xirka kontoroolka TCP 21 halka SFTP ay ku wareejiso faylasha hoos yimaada xiriirka uu sameeyay borotokoolka SSH ee u dhexeeya macmiilka iyo serverka. 
• FTP waxay kaliya u soo dirtaa xogta qaab qoraal oo cad halka SFTP ay sirayso dhammaan xogteeda ka hor inta aan loo dirin martigeliyaha. 
• SFTP sidoo kale waa hab-maamuus madax-bannaan oo siiya martigeliyaha wareejinta martigelinta halkaasoo FTP uu yahay borotokool furan.

Muddo ka dib, si loogu daro xoogaa ammaan ah FTP , Netscape waxay abuurtay SSL , ama S ecure S ockets L ayer (hadda TLS, ama T ransport L ayer S ecurity). SSL ayaa markaa lagu dabaqay FTP si loo abuuro FTPS . 

Tani waxay ogolaatay in xogta la isku dhaafsado hab aamin ah iyadoo la isticmaalayo FTP iyada oo la adeegsanayo laba nooc oo ammaan ah: FTPS SSL^{(FTPS Implicit SSL)} implicit iyo FTPS SSL Explicit^{(FTPS Explicit SSL)} . Labaduba^(Both) waxay isticmaalaan sirta SSL .

Dhamaadka, farqiga kaliya ee muhiimka ah ee inta badan u baahan doona inay ka werweraan waa in SFTP ay bixiso hab aamin ah oo loogu wareejiyo faylasha hal marti loona wareejiyo kale. FTP kaliya waxay bixisaa gudbinta caadiga ah ee qoraalka cad iyada oo loo marayo laba kanaal, amar iyo kanaalka xogta, iyada oo aan qarsoodi ahayn.

HDG Explains : What Is SFTP & FTP?

In order for a computer network to exchange data and reѕources, it takes a collectiоn of νаrious devices such as routers, swіtches, and computers. That network wоuld then nеed to follow a protocol, likely multiple protocols, tо establiѕh proper communication between all of those devices. FTP and SFΤP are two such protocols.

What is SFTP and FTP? FTP provides a way of exchanging files over the network whereas SFTP allows for the secure access, transfer, and management of files across data stream. FTP is data is sent as a plain text while SFTP encrypts all data to being sent out.

The primary difference between FTP and SFTP is security. FTP does not provide a secure channel to transfer files between multiple devices, while SFTP does. Therefore, SFTP is more secure than FTP. However, this article will delve a little deeper into the differences between these two protocols.

HDG Explains: What Is SFTP & FTP?

To understand the differences between SFTP and FTP, you will first have to better understand what it is they both are and do. The uses vary only slightly between them yet the differences run a bit deeper than they appear at first glance.

What Is FTP?

FTP, or File Transfer Protocol, is a standard network protocol that allows files to be transferred over a network between a client (local computer) and a server. 

Prior to operating systems having graphical user interfaces (GUIs) FTP was developed to send and receive files between older text-based computers and networks. It was one of the original programs used to access information on the internet well before Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) came around. 

Today, there are three primary ways in which to use FTP: Graphical FTP Clients, Web Browser, and Command-line FTP. Each is suitable for various applications including desktops, servers, mobile devices and hardware platforms.

Graphical FTP Clients

These clients allow for files to be transferred in a drag and drop format. Filezilla is probably the most well-known free FTP client for Windows operating systems. For Mac there’s Cyberduck. 

Typically, when opening a program, you’ll enter the FTP host, your username, and a password. Some servers may have it set up so that you can enter anonymously, in which case the username and password may not be needed.

You can then drag and drop files and folders from host to server (and vice versa), and wait for the transfer to complete.

Web Browser

Using a web browser to connect to an FTP server will likely be more familiar as you can connect to the FTP address the same way you would an HTTP address. A web browser also makes it easy to browse a larger directory, read files, and retrieve them. It will also do you the service of handling some site connection details and file transfers automatically.

Although web browser FTP can seem convenient, it is often slower and less reliable than a dedicated FTP client. They also tend to have fewer features.

Command-line FTP

You may not know it but your operating system likely has built-in command-line clients. So long as your operating system is Windows, Mac, or Linux anyway. Open your operating system’s prompt (command prompt for Windows, Terminal for Mac, or console for Linux) to get started. 

Then, as an example, type in

ftp ftp.empire.gov

Now press Enter. Then, if you’re accessing your own account, use the username and password for that account. If accessing anonymously, use anonymous as your username and your email address as the password. 

At this point, you’ll want to be in the directory where the files you want to move are stored. You can enter the mput command followed by the name of the file or folder, and press Enter to trigger the transfer.

There are plenty of commands for you to learn, if willing, that can assist you in future FTP transfers. Indiana University has a few useful FTP commands to check out if interested.

What Is SFTP?

SFTP, which stands for SSH File Transfer Protocol, is a network protocol similar to FTP in that it allows for file accessing, transferring, and file management but over a secure and reliable data stream. 

Unlike FTP, it does not utilize separate command and data channels. Instead, it transfers files in specially formatted packages in a single connection. The SSH in the name stands for Secure SHell protocol, for which SFTP is an extension. This provides an added level of security when utilizing the SFTP protocol.

You can use SFTP in the same ways provided to FTP, the biggest difference being the secure connection. Filezilla and Cyberduck also offer SFTP as part of their free package which is definitely something you’ll want to take advantage of.

When connecting to an SFTP server it assumes that the connection is running over a secure channel. This removes the need for client authentication as the client user identity is made available to the protocol.

WordPress is an excellent example of a site that allows for both FTP and SFTP connections. When attempting to add a theme you’ve saved to your computer or a server, it could be necessary to transfer that theme via either FTP or SFTP. 

This is to avoid WordPress from denying certain lines of code that your theme might require during a normal transfer. This is true of other files, not just themes.

Key Difference Between SFTP & FTP

The most notable and obvious difference is in the definition. SFTP is a secure network protocol whereas FTP is not. Another would be the protocol types. FTP is a TCP/IP based protocol. SFTP is an SSH-based protocol. 

TCP/IP stands for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. In other words, it’s the standard protocol that governs communications among all the computers on the internet.

• FTP establishes its control connection on TCP port 21 whereas SFTP transfers files under the connection established by the SSH protocol between client and server. 
• FTP only sends data in plain text format while SFTP encrypts all of its data prior to being sent to the host. 
• SFTP is also an independent protocol providing host to host transfers where FTP is a more open protocol.

A while back, in order to add a bit of security to FTP, Netscape created the SSL, or Secure Sockets Layer (currently TLS, or Transport Layer Security). SSL was then applied to FTP to create FTPS. 

This allowed data to be exchanged in a secure manner using FTP via two secure variants: FTPS Implicit SSL and FTPS Explicit SSL. Both of which utilize SSL encryption.

In the end, the only key difference that most will need to worry about is that SFTP provides a secure way to transfer files from one host to another. FTP only provides a standard transmission of plain text through two channels, a command and a data channel, without encryption.

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