Shabakadda kombuyuutarku waa kombiyuutarro isku xidhan oo ku xidhan si aan fiilo^{(computers that are connected wirelessly )} lahayn ama fiilooyinka si loo wadaago warbaahinta ama xogta. Kumbuyuutarada shabakada, sidoo kale loo yaqaanno nodes, waxay wadaagi karaan agabyada ay ku jiraan gelitaanka internetka^{(access to the internet)} , daabacayaasha, iyo server-yada faylalka, ama waxay ogolaadaan isgaarsiinta elektiroonigga ah.

Shabakadda kombuyuutarku waxay ka kooban tahay ugu yaraan laba kombiyuutar oo laga yaabo inay ku xidhmaan mowjadaha raadiyaha, fiilooyinka, satalaytka, khadadka telefoonka, ama laydhka infrared. Waxa jira aalado kale oo ka caawiya aaladaha kala duwan inay wada xidhiidhaan sida beddelka, router, bridge ama hub, kuwaas oo loo yaqaan aaladaha shabakada.

Isku soo wada duuboo, qalabkan iyo software-kuba waxay isku daraan si ay suurtogal u noqdaan isku xidhka kombuyutarka si ay aaladaha isku xidhani u wadaagi karaan macluumaadka^{(share information)} , xogta, agabka, iyo aaladaha shabakadaha kale.

Noocyada Shabakadaha Kombuyuutarka^{(Types of Computer Networks)}

Waxaa jira laba nooc oo waaweyn oo shabakadaha kombuyuutar ah: fiilooyinka iyo wireless.

Shabakadaha fiilooyinku^(Wired) waxay adeegsadaan dhexdhexaad si ay xogta u kala qaadaan kombayuutarrada (nodes), halka shabakadaha wireless-ku ay isticmaalaan hirarka raadiyaha si ay xogta iyo macluumaadka hawada ugu qaadaan si ay qalabku ugu xidhmaan shabakadda iyada oo aan lahayn fiilooyinka.

Iyadoo shabakadaha fiilooyinka ahi ay bixiyaan xawaare weyn, ammaan iyo isku halleyn, shabakadaha wireless waxay bixiyaan dabacsanaan badan, miisaan iyo dhaqdhaqaaq.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, shabakadaha waxaa sidoo kale loo kala saari karaa iyada oo lagu salaynayo topology-ga, naqshadeynta, dhisidda, cabbirka iyo deegaanka.

Shabakada Kombiyuutarka Topology^{(Computer Network Topology)}

Topology-ga si fudud waa qaabka aaladaha ku xiran, in ka badan sida qaab-dhismeedka ama qaab-dhismeedka shabakadda oo aan u dhigmin qaabka jireed ee aad aragto.

Tusaale ahaan, kombuyuutarrada ku jira shabakad guri ama xafiis ayaa laga yaabaa in loo habeeyo qaab labajibbaaran ama qaab wareeg ah, laakiin topology-ga maahan mid isku mid ah.

Shabakadda shabakadaha kombuyuutarku^(Computer) waxay u kala qaybsan yihiin shan nooc oo aasaasi ah: baska, xiddigta, giraanta, mesh iyo geed, laakiin waxaa jira dhismayaal isku-dhafan oo isku daraya laba ama in ka badan oo ka mid ah topologiyadan si ay u sameeyaan shabakad aad u adag.

Topology Network Baska

Shabakadda kumbuyuutarka ee noocaan ah waxay wadaagtaa laf dhabarta - hal fiilo - oo isku xira dhammaan aaladaha shabakadda. Fiilku wuxuu u shaqeeyaa sidii dhexdhexaad ah isgaarsiin la wadaago oo ay qalabyadu ku dhejiyaan ama ku dhejiyaan isku-xiraha interface. Qalab kasta oo kula xidhiidha mid kale oo isla shabakadda ah ayaa baahiya fariin, taas oo qalabyada kale arki doonaan^{(other devices will see)} , laakiin waxa kaliya oo aqbali doona oo habayn doona qaataha loogu talagalay.

Noocani wuxuu ku fiican yahay qalab yar, maadaama waxqabadkiisu uu saameynayo marka dhowr iyo toban kombiyuutar lagu daro. Intaa waxaa dheer, haddii fiilku xumaado, ma isticmaali kartid shabakada.

Shabakada Xiddigaha Topology

Shabakadda topology-ga waxa ay leedahay xuddunta udub dhexaadka u ah kaas oo dhammaan aaladaha ay ku xidhmaan. Waxay noqon kartaa beddelka shabakad, hub ama router, laakiin waxay u baahan tahay fiilo badan, oo ka duwan topology-ga baska.

Haddii ay dhacdo in xadhiggu xumaado, ma saameynayso dhammaan shabakadaha degaanka; Kaliya waxay hoos u dhigtaa helitaanka mid ka mid ah kombiyuutarada ku xiran. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, haddii xuddunta xuddunta ay guuldareysato, markaa shabakada oo dhan ayaa saameynaysa.

Mesh Network Topology

Shabakaddan topology-ga waxay isku xirtaa hababka iyada oo loo marayo isku xirka bar-ilaa-dhibcood. Xogta^(Data) waxaa lagu kala qaadaa dariiqyo, halkaas oo noodhku ay ka shaqeeyaan masaafada ugu gaaban ee xirmooyinka ay isticmaali karaan si ay u gaaraan halka ay u jeedaan, iyada oo la adeegsanayo macquulka dariiqa.

Waxa kale oo ay isticmaashaa habka daadka, kaas oo aan u baahnayn wax caqli-gal ah oo marin ah laakiin u soo diraya xogta dhammaan noodyada shabakadda.

Mesh topology waxaa caadi ahaan loo isticmaalaa shabakadaha wireless-ka waxaana marka la barbar dhigo topology-ga baska, guuldarada hal kombuyuutar ma keento burbur ku yimaada gudbinta xogta ama shabakada lafteeda. Noocaan badanaa waxaa laga helaa xafiisyada ama xarumaha dugsiga.

Ring Network Topology

Shabakaddan topology-ga ah, kombuyuutarrada waxa ay ku xidhan yihiin qaab giraan ah ama qaab wareeg ah, iyada oo qalab kastaa uu leeyahay laba deris oo xidhiidh ah. Noocyada hore iyo kan ugu dambeeya waxay ku xiran yihiin isku xirka wareegga si ay dhammaan farriimaha u socdaan isku mid ah iyada oo loo marayo giraan jidka loo socdo. Topology Tani waxay si wax ku ool ah u ilaalin kartaa ballaaran

Geedka Network Topology

Shabakadda geedka topology waa qaab-dhismeedka shabakad kaas oo ah isku-dhafka baska iyo dusha sare ee xiddigaha. Waxa ay ka kooban tahay xiddigo badan oo lagu xidho baska si ay u sameeyaan qaab geed oo kale ah oo leh laamihiisa badan, waxaana caadi ahaan loo adeegsadaa shabakadaha aagga ballaadhan si ay ugu adkaystaan aaladaha fidsan iyo ballaadhinta shabakadda mustaqbalka.

Hybrid Network Topology

Shabakadda kombuyuutarku waxay ka kooban tahay laba ama in ka badan topologies, waxaana caadi ahaan loo adeegsadaa ganacsiyada waaweyn ee waaxyahoodu leeyihiin shabakado kala duwan oo midba midka kale ah. Marka dhammaan la isku xiro, waxaa loo tixraacaa sida topology-ga isku-dhafka ah. Waxyaabaha caadiga ah ee ay haystaan waa dabacsanaan, iyo scalability taas oo ka dhigaysa inay ku habboon yihiin shabakadaha waaweyn.

Markaad fahamto nooca shabakadaha shabakadaha iyo fikradaha isku xidhka sida xarumaha, jidadka, iyo baahinta, waxay kuu fududaan doontaa inaad dhisto shabakad kombiyuutar guri ama xafiis.

Sida Shabakadda Kombiyuutarku u Shaqeyso^{(How a Computer Network Works)}

Shabakadda kombuyuutarku waxa loo qaabeeyey laba qaab oo aasaasi ah: macmiil-server iyo peer-to-peer.

Shabakadda macmiilka-serverka waxay ka kooban tahay kombuyuutarrada server-ka dhexe ee kaydiya faylalka, bogagga shabakadda, iimaylka, iyo codsiyada ay aaladaha macmiilku galaan. Kuwaas waxaa badanaa loo isticmaalaa ganacsiga.

Taa beddelkeeda, naqshadaynta isku-xidhka isku-fac, dhammaan aaladaha waxay taageeraan hawlo la mid ah, waxaana inta badan lagu isticmaalaa guryaha.

Shabakadda kombuyuutarku si ay si sax ah u shaqeyso, waxaad u baahan doontaa kaabayaal jireed sida router-ka, furayaasha, iyo meelaha laga galo wireless-ka, firmware-ka si loogu shaqeeyo qalabka, iyo software-ka si aad u maamusho, ula socoto una sugto.

Shabakadu sidoo kale waxay ku tiirsan yihiin borotokoolka caadiga ah si ay u gudbiyaan noocyo kala duwan oo xog ah ama u qabtaan hawlo gaar ah si isku mid ah, iyadoon loo eegin qalabka. Nidaamyada caadiga ah waxaa ka mid ah TCP/IP oo laga helo shabakadaha guriga^{(found in home networks)} iyo internetka.

Qalabka oo dhan kuma biiri karaan shabakad in kastoo, marka laga reebo kuwa leh qalab isgaarsiineed oo gaar ah oo jir ahaan ku xira aaladaha kale, halka kuwa kalena aysan gabi ahaanba taageersanayn isku xirka.

Aaladaha guud ahaan waxay u shaqeeyaan sidii macmiil ama adeeg. Tusaale ahaan, taleefankaaga, tablet-kaaga, PC-ga ama daabacaha shabakadu^{(network printer)} waxay u shaqayn karaan sidii macmiil shabakadeed.

Server-ku, dhanka kale, waxa uu hayaa xogta uu macmiilku guud ahaan u soo codsado oo uu isticmaalo. Waxay noqon kartaa server-ka ciyaarta ama server-ka shabakadda, oo badanaa wuxuu ka kooban yahay kaydinta diskka weyn, xusuusta badan iyo soo-saareyaasha waxqabadka sare leh.

Si ay shabakadu u shaqeyso si sax ah, waxaad u baahan doontaa xarun shabakad, taas oo u sahlaysa noodhku inay si toos ah xogta ugu diraan qanjidhada kale, isku xidhka shabakadu si ay u furto wadooyin badan oo noodhka isku xidhan si ay isula xidhiidhaan.

Waxaad sidoo kale u baahan doontaa router shabakad^{(network router)} si aad u balaariso awoodaha beddelka shabakada, ku celiyaha si aad u hesho calaamadaha loo soo diro isku xirka shabakada oo awood u siinaya inay sii socdaan, iyo buundada shabakadeed ee isku xirta isku xirka shabakadaha aan iswaafaqayn.

Kordhi Wadaagista Xogta^{(Enhance Data Sharing)}

Iyadoo kombuyuutarrada maanta lagu dabaqay meelo badan, iyo isticmaalka internetka ayaa si goos-goos ah u soo hagaagaya si dhammaan qaybaha dadku ay uga faa'iidaystaan macluumaadka waxtarka leh ee ku jira.

Sidaa darteed waxaa jirta baahi loo qabo kombiyuutarada isku xirka, gaar ahaan ururada iyo shirkadaha, si ay u sii caawiyaan soo celinta xogta iyo wadaagga, oo ay weheliso si hufan oo loo isticmaalo loona maareeyo ilaha xisaabinta.

HDG Explains: What Is a Computer Network?

A computer network is a set of interconnected computers that are connected wirelessly or via cabling for the purpose of sharing media or data. The computers on a network, also known as nodes, can share resources including access to the internet, printers, and file servers, or allow electronic communications.

A computer network consists of at least two computers that may be linked via radio waves, cables, satellites, telephone lines, or infrared light beams. There are other mediums or devices that help the different devices communicate such as a switch, router, bridge or hub, which are known as network devices.

Altogether, these hardware and software combine to make computer networking possible such that the interconnected devices can share information, data, resources, and other network devices.

Types of Computer Networks

There are two main types of computer networks: wired and wireless.

Wired networks use a medium to transport data between the computers (nodes), while wireless networks use radio waves to transport data and information over the air so that devices can connect to the network without cables.

While wired networking offers greater speed, security and reliability, wireless networks offers more flexibility, scalability and mobility.

However, networks can also be classified based on their topology, design, build, scale and environment.

Computer Network Topology

The topology is simply the layout of the connected devices, more like a structure or virtual shape of the network that doesn’t correspond to the physical layout you see.

For instance, the computers in a home or office network may be arranged in a square or circular style, but the topology isn’t necessarily the same.

Computer network topologies are classified into five basic types: bus, star, ring, mesh and tree, but there are hybrid builds that combine two or more of these topologies to form a more complex network.

Bus Network Topology

This type of computer network shares a backbone – a single cable – that connects all the network devices together. The cable acts as a medium for shared communication that the devices tap into or attach to with an interface connector. Any device that communicates with another on the same network broadcasts a message, which other devices will see, but it’ll only be accepted and processed by the intended recipient.

This type is best with few devices, as its performance is affected when more than a few dozen computers are added to it. Plus, if the cable fails, you can’t use the network.

Star Network Topology

This network topology features a hub node to which all devices connect. It can be either a network switch, hub or router, but requires more cable, unlike the bus topology.

In case of a cable failure though, it doesn’t affect the entire local area network; it just takes down access for one of the connected computers. However, if the hub node fails, then the whole network gets affected.