“Waagii wacnaa” ee hore ee xisaabinta shaqsiyeed waxa ay u muuqatay in durugsani uu u baahan yahay halbeega isku xirka. Ugu dambayntii waxa naloo barakeeyey USB , laakiin waxa ay ku lahayd caalimnimada waxa hoos u dhigay xawli aad u gaabis ah, koronto yar iyo isku xidhayaal badan oo jahawareersan^{(confusing array of connectors)} .

Waa maxay Thunderbolt?  Thunderbolt waa isku xirka kombuyuutar kaaso u taagan xalka wadarta guud ee ugu quruxda badan ee ku xidhidhiyaha walxaha kombayutarka weli. Waqtigan xaadirka ah nooca ugu dambeeya ee Thunderbolt waa Thunderbolt 3 , dhammaadka maqaalkan waxaad ogaan doontaa wax kasta oo lagama maarmaanka u ah isticmaalka heerkan cusub ee isku xirka cajiibka ah.

Taariikhda Thunderbolt ee Flash

Thunderbolt waa natiijada iskaashiga ka dhexeeya Intel Corporation iyo Apple Computers . Maadaama kombuyuutarrada Apple ay dhaqan ahaan u isticmaali jireen xirfadlayaal hal abuur leh, waxay had iyo jeer baahi u qabeen isku xirka xawaaraha sareeyo. Muddo sanado ah jawaabta Apple ee tan waxay ahayd ^(Apple)FireWire , laakiin wakhtigu wuu socday xaddidaadda FireWire waxay bilaabeen inay muujiyaan.

Intel iyo Apple waxay iska kaashadeen halbeeg markii hore la siiyay magaca koodka " Iftiinka Peak^{(Light Peak)} ", kaas oo tilmaamaya xaqiiqda ah in interface-kan cusub loo qorsheeyay in lagu isticmaalo fiilooyinka indhaha, 

halkii silig naxaas ah. Marka^(Apart) laga reebo xadhkaha sare ee xawaaraha sare, fiilooyinka indhaha ayaa ballanqaadaya mahadnaqa ilaa inta fiilooyinka ay noqon karaan iyada oo aan lahayn calaamad lumin. 

In kasta oo ay jiraan fiilooyinka Thunderbolt - ka ee la heli karo maanta, inta badan fiilooyinka waa naxaas dhaqameed, taas oo ah sababta ay u jiraan xaddidaadyo dherer adag oo qurux badan oo fiilooyinka Thunderbolt maanta.

Laptop-kii ugu horreeyay ee Light Peak waxaa la soo bandhigay 2010, iyadoo la adeegsanayo tignoolajiyada indhaha, laakiin ilaa maantadan naxaasta ayaa ahayd wax caadi ah. Tani waxay la timid faa'iidada ugu weyn ee ah in fiilooyinka naxaasta ay sidoo kale qaadi karaan awoodda.

Magaca "Thunderbolt" ayaa markii ugu horreysay loo muujiyay adduunka 2011 markii khadka MacBook Pro ee sanadkaas ay ku jiraan farsamada. Isla sanadkaas dekedaha Thunderbolt ee ugu horreeyay waxay ka soo muuqdeen iMacs. Thunderbolt 2 ayaa la soo bandhigay 2013, taas oo labanlaabtay xawaaraha jiilka kowaad. Heerka hadda, Thunderbolt 3 , wuxuu ka helay taageerada hardware dabayaaqadii 2015, taas oo qayb ka ah jiilka Intel Skylake ee ^{(Intel Skylake)}CPUs .

Tag Iftiin Dufan leh! Tilmaamaha Thunderbolt^{(Thunderbolt Specs)} oo Kooban^(Nutshell)

Thunderbolt dhab ahaantii waa isku darka laba borotokool kale oo jira. Midka ugu horreeya waa PCI Express . Taasi waa isla halbeeg isgaarsiineed oo uu GPU -gaagu u isticmaalo dirida iyo helitaanka macluumaadka. Sidaad ogtahay, GPU-yadu^(GPUs) waxay u baahan yihiin xajmigoodu badan yahay, taas oo ka dhigaysa tan hab-maamuus weyn oo lagu xidho wax kasta oo ku xeeran. 

Jiilka koowaad ee isku xirka Thunderbolt wuxuu soo diri karaa xogta 10Gbps isla mar ahaantaana uu helayo^{(receiving )} xogta 10Gbps. Waxay leedahay kanaalka 10Gbps ee labada dhinacba. Barbar dhig tan USB 3.2 Gen 1 , kaas oo gaari kara kaliya kala badh xawaarahaas. 

Thunderbolt 2 wuxuu labanlaabay xawaaraha la heli karo 20Gbps, iyo Thunderbolt 3 wuxuu bixiyaa 40Gbps weyn. USB 3.2 2 × 2 wuxuu ku sarreeyaa 20Gbps. Tani wali waa kala bar Thunderbolt 3 . Iyada oo intaa le'eg ee la taaban karo ee qasabadda, waxay furaysaa dhammaan noocyada codsiyada cusub, kuwaas oo aan ku faahfaahin doono hoos.

Thunderbolt 3 waafaqid gadaal^{(Backwards Compatibility)}

Waxaa muhiim ah in la xasuusto in heerka Thunderbolt iyo isku xirayaasha jireed ay dhab ahaantii yihiin laba shay oo kala duwan. Iyadoo Thunderbolt s 1 iyo 2 ay isticmaalaan iskuxiraha ku salaysan heerka DisplayPort , waxay dhab ahaantii ku habboon yihiin Thunderbolt 3 , ilaa iyo inta aad diyaar u tahay inaad lacag caddaan ah u bixiso adabtarada. Sida aad filan karto, sidoo kale kuma shaqayn kartid qalabkaas xawaarihiisa ka dheereeya intii loogu talagalay.

Maadaama dhammaan dekedaha Thunderbolt 3 ay sidoo kale ku jiraan kontaroolaha USB , waxaad ku dhejin kartaa qalab kasta oo ^(USB)USB ah dekedda Thunderbolt waxayna u shaqeyn doontaa si fiican. Si kastaba ha noqotee, aaladaha gaarka ah ee Thunderbolt 3 kuma shaqeyn doonaan dekedda kaliya ee USB-C^(USB-C) , inkastoo ay leeyihiin isku xiraha jirka. 

Sidoo kale, waa inaad isticmaashaa fiilada Thunderbolt 3 si aad u isticmaasho Thunderbolt 3 bandwidth iyo shaqeynta.

U sheegida Thunderbolt 3 iyo USB-C Apart

Thunderbolt 1 iyo 2 waxay adeegsadaan deked gaar ah, oo ku saleysan naqshadda DisplayPort , marka ma jirto si aad ugu jahwareerin karto USB-ga^(USB) . Si kastaba ha noqotee, kontaroolayaasha Thunderbolt 3 iyo kontaroolayaasha USB-C waxay isticmaalaan deked isku mid ah. Sida kaliya ee dhabta ah ee lagu kala garan karo waa in la raadiyo calaamadaynta. 

Tusaale ahaan, MacBooks -ka waxa ku yaal garaaf yar oo hillaac ah oo ku ag taal dekedda su'aasha la isweydiinayo. Sidoo kale^(Likewise) , fiilooyinka Thunderbolt 3 waxaa guud ahaan lagu calaamadeeyay ereyga Thunderbolt ama garaafyada hillaaca yar yar. Dabcan, ma jirto wax khatar ah in si fudud loo xidho qalab si loo eego inuu shaqeeyo iyo in kale.

Sida loo isticmaalo Thunderbolt 3

Thunderbolt 3 ayaa si qurux badan caan uga ah laptops-yada, gaar ahaan marka ay timaado buugaagta ultrabooks. Apple waxay si buuxda u aqbaleen Thunderbolt 3 oo wata nooceedii ugu dambeeyay ee MacBooks . Ma ka heli doontid dekedo kale MacBookga^(MacBook) casriga ah . Xataa waajibaadka dallacaadda waxaa la siiyaa dekedaha  Thunderbolt 3 .

Sida kor ku xusan, Thunderbolt saddex^{(Thunderbolt three)} waxaa loo isticmaali karaa hub-iyo-spoke topology ama waxay noqon kartaa daisy-chained. Haddii aad haysato oo keliya Thunderbolt 3 , waxaad ku xidhi kartaa kan ugu horreeya dekedda, ka dibna ku xiga qalabkaas iyo wixii la mid ah. Taas oo^(Which) macnaheedu yahay in tiro yar oo dekedo ah la haysto wax dhib ah maaha. 

Xaqiiqdu waxay tahay in qaybaha ugu badan ee aad ka heli doonto aysan ahayn aaladaha Thunderbolt 3 ee asalka ah. Taas oo macnaheedu yahay iibsashada Thunderbolt 3 (ama USB-C ) xuddunta waa habka kaliya ee la taaban karo ee lagu xiro qaybaha caadiga ah ee kombiyuutarkaaga. 

Runtii aad ayay u habboon tahay marka ay timaado dejinta desktop-ka xiran. Waxaad ku xidhi kartaa dhammaan meelaha ku hareeraysan desktop-kaaga xuddunta. Marka aad gaadho miiskaaga, waxa kaliya oo aad u baahan tahay in aad hal xadhig ku xidho mishiinkaaga si aad ugu beddesho qalab buuxa oo desktop ah, adiga oo waliba ku dalacaya laptop-kaaga.

Thanks to Thunderbolt 3's bandwidth ballaaran ee la heli karo iyo taageerada asaliga ah ee borotokoolka PCIe , waxaan hadda ku xiri karnaa aaladaha gaajaysan ee baaxadda leh sidii goobo. Marka, tusaale ahaan, waxaad ku xidhi kartaa SSD -dibadeed ama GPU^{(external GPU)} -ga dibadda ah oo leh heerar la aqbali karo oo waxqabad ah. 

Ultrabooks waxay u muuqdaan inay leeyihiin CPUs awood leh , laakiin ma laha kaydinta iyo awoodda GPU . Hadda waxaad keeni kartaa MacBookga^(MacBook) guriga oo aad ku xidhi kartaa meelahan xoogga badan, adigoo meesha ka saaraya baahida aad u qabtid laba kombiyuutar. Waxa kale oo ay la macno tahay in aad kor u qaadi karto awoodda GPU -gaaga desktop adiga oo aan u baahnayn in aad iibsato laptop cusub oo gebi ahaanba ah. Waxaa jira kiisas kale oo badan oo la isticmaalo kuwaas oo ka faa'iideysanaya xawaaraha baaxadda weyn ee laga heli karo heerka Thunderbolt 3 .

Maxaa ku saabsan Thunderbolt 4?

Waqtiga qorista, Thunderbolt 4 waxaa ku dhawaaqay Intel Bandhigga Macaamiisha Elektarooniga^{(Consumer Electronics Show)} ah ee 2020 . Waxaa la qorsheeyay in la soo bandhigo 2020 iyada oo qayb ka ah chips-ka Tiger Lake ee weyn ee semiconductor, markaa waqtiga aad akhrinayso tan waxay aad ugu fiicnaan kartaa alaabada macaamiisha mar hore.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma jiraan wax badan oo aad ku faraxsan tahay. Thunderbolt 4 ma aha boodbood xag-jir ah oo ka yimid Thunderbolt 3 . Ma aha habka Thunderbolt 3 uu gabi ahaanba u afuufay jiilkii hore ee biyaha.

Waxa ugu muhiimsan ee ay tahay inaad ka ogaato Thunderbolt 4 , waa in aysan ahayn mid degdeg ah marka loo eego xawaaraha xawaaraha marka la barbar dhigo Thunderbolt 3. Sidaa darteed walaac kasta oo waxqabad ah ayaa la dhigi karaa sariirta. 

Sidoo kale ma cadda noocyada qaababka cusubi waxay noqon doonaan qayb ka mid ah Thunderbolt 4 , laakiin borotokoolka ayaa si adag loogu dhejin doonaa USB4 , kaas oo noqon doona sida ugu dhakhsaha badan Thunderbolt 3 iyo 4. Dhammaan calaamadaha ayaa ah in labadan heerar ay noqon doonaan. iskutallaabta ku habboon midba midka kale iyo Thunderbolt 3 , taas oo macnaheedu yahay in isticmaalayaashu aysan runtii daneynin waxa lagu xirayo waxa. Hadda taasi waa mustaqbal aan dhammaanteen dib uga noqon karno!

HDG Explains : What is Thunderbolt?

In the “good “ old days of personal computing it seemed that every periрheral needed its own connection standard. Evеntually we wеre blessed with USB, but what it had in universality was let down by relatively slow speеdѕ, low power delivery and a confusing array of connectors.

What is Thunderbolt?  Thunderbolt is a computer peripheral interface that represents the most elegant total solution for connecting things to a computer yet. Currently the latest version of the Thunderbolt is Thunderbolt 3, and by the end of this article you’ll know everything necessary to use this fantastic new connection standard.

Thunderbolt History in a Flash

Thunderbolt is the result of a collaboration between Intel Corporation and Apple Computers. Since Apple computers have traditionally been used by creative professionals, they’ve always had a need for high-speed peripheral connection. For years the Apple answer to this was FireWire, but as time went on the limitations of FireWire were starting to show.

Intel and Apple collaborated on a standard that was initially given the code name “Light Peak”, which alluded to the fact that this new interface was designed to use optical cables, 

rather than copper wire. Apart from high bandwidth, optical cables are promising thanks to how long the cables can be without signal loss. 

While there are actually optical Thunderbolt cables available today, the majority of cables are traditional copper, which is why there are some pretty harsh length limitations on Thunderbolt cables today.

The first Light Peak laptop was demonstrated in 2010, using optical technology, but to this day copper has been the norm. This comes with the major advantage that copper wiring can also carry power.

The name “Thunderbolt” was first revealed to the world in 2011 when that year’s MacBook Pro line included the technology. That same year the first Thunderbolt ports appeared on iMacs. Thunderbolt 2 debuted in 2013, doubling the speed of the first generation. The current standard, Thunderbolt 3, received support in hardware late in 2015, as part of the Intel Skylake generation of CPUs.

Go Greased Lighting! Thunderbolt Specs in a Nutshell

Thunderbolt is actually a combination of two other existing protocols. The first is PCI Express. That’s the same communications standard that your GPU uses to send and receive information. As you may know, GPUs need a lot of bandwidth, which makes this a great protocol for connecting just about any peripheral. 

The first generation of Thunderbolt connections can send data at 10Gbps while at the same time receiving data at 10Gbps. It has a dedicated 10Gbps channel in either direction. Compare this to USB 3.2 Gen 1, which can only achieve half of that speed. 

Thunderbolt 2 doubled the speed available to 20Gbps, and Thunderbolt 3 offers a whopping 40Gbps. USB 3.2 2×2 tops out at 20Gbps. This is still half of Thunderbolt 3. With that much bandwidth on tap, it opens all sorts of innovative applications, which we’ll elaborate on below.

Thunderbolt 3 Backwards Compatibility

It’s important to remember that the Thunderbolt standard and the physical connectors are actually two different things. While Thunderbolts 1 and 2 make use of a connector based on the DisplayPort standard, they are actually compatible with Thunderbolt 3, as long as you’re willing to fork out some cash for an adapter. As you might expect, you also can’t operate those devices at faster speeds than they were designed for.

Since all Thunderbolt 3 ports also include a USB controller, you can plug any USB device into your Thunderbolt port and it will work just fine. However, devices that are exclusively Thunderbolt 3 won’t work with a USB-C only port, despite having the same physical connector. 

Likewise, you must use a Thunderbolt 3 cable to make use of Thunderbolt 3 bandwidth and functionality.

Telling Thunderbolt 3 and USB-C Apart

Thunderbolt 1 and 2 uses a distinctive port, based on the DisplayPort design, so there’s no way you’d confuse them with USB. However, Thunderbolt 3 controllers and USB-C controllers use exactly the same port. The only real way to tell the difference between them is to look for labelling. 

For example, on MacBooks there’s a small lightning bolt graphic next to the port in question. Likewise, Thunderbolt 3 cables are generally marked with the word Thunderbolt or the small lightning bolt graphic. Of course, there’s no risk in simply plugging in a device to see if it works or not.

How Thunderbolt 3 is Used

Thunderbolt 3 is becoming pretty popular in laptops, especially when it comes to ultrabooks. Apple has fully embraced Thunderbolt 3 with its latest range of MacBooks. You’ll find no other ports on a modern MacBook. Even charging duty is given to the Thunderbolt 3 ports. 

As mentioned above, Thunderbolt three can be used in a hub-and-spoke topology or it can be daisy-chained. If you only have Thunderbolt 3 devices, you can plug the first one into the port, then the next into that device and so on. Which means only having a small number of ports is no issue. 

The reality is that most peripherals you’ll find aren’t native Thunderbolt 3 devices. Which means buying a Thunderbolt 3 (or USB-C) hub is the only practical way to hook up typical components to your computer. 

It’s actually pretty convenient when it comes to a docked desktop setup. You can hook up all of your desktop peripherals to the hub. When you get to your desk, you only need to connect a single cable to your machine to transform it into a full desktop rig, while also charging your laptop.

Thanks to Thunderbolt 3’s massive available bandwidth and native support for the PCIe protocol, we can now connect very bandwidth-hungry devices as peripherals. So, for example, you can connect an external SSD or an external GPU with acceptable levels of performance. 

Ultrabooks tend to have powerful CPUs, but lack storage and GPU power. Now you can bring your MacBook home and hook it up to these powerful peripherals, removing the need to own two computers. It also means you can upgrade your desktop GPU power without needing to buy an entirely new laptop. There are many other use cases that take advantage of the massive bandwidth available through the Thunderbolt 3 standard.

What About Thunderbolt 4?

At the time of writing, Thunderbolt 4 has been announced by Intel at the 2020 Consumer Electronics Show. It’s planned to debut in 2020 as part of the Tiger Lake chips from the semiconductor giant, so by the time you read this it could very well be in consumer products already.

However, there’s not too much to get excited about. Thunderbolt 4 isn’t a radical leap from Thunderbolt 3. Not in the way that Thunderbolt 3 absolutely blew the previous generation out of the water.

The most important thing you should know about Thunderbolt 4, is that it’s not any faster in terms of bandwidth when compared to Thunderbolt 3. So any performance anxiety can be put to bed. 

It’s also not quite clear what sorts of new features will be part of Thunderbolt 4, but the protocol is going to be tightly integrated with USB4, which will be just as fast as Thunderbolt 3 and 4. All indications are that these two standards will be cross-compatible with each other and Thunderbolt 3, which means that users won’t really have to care about what’s being plugged into what. Now that’s a future we can all get behind!

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