Haddii aad raadinayso sharaxaad sahlan oo ku saabsan waxa uu yahay database-ka blockchain, aad ayay kuugu cadaadi doontaa inaad hesho mid diirada saaraya lowska iyo boolalka. Inta badan dadka xiiseeya blockchain waxay ku hadlaan iyagoo isticmaalaya ereyo ballaadhan sida maamul-daadejin iyo buug-gacmeedyo la qaybiyay, laakiin maxay ka dhigan tahay dhammaantood?

Marka aad dhammayso akhrinta maqaalkan, waxaad fahmi doontaa waxa kaydka macluumaadka ee blockchain yahay iyo sababta ay u taagan tahay tignoolajiyad cusub oo cajiib ah oo bedeli karta warshado badan.

Waa maxay Blockchain?^{(What Is a Blockchain?)}

Qaybta aasaasiga ah ee xogta blockchain waa shay loo yaqaan blockchain. Haddii aad waydiiso inta badan kuwa wax ku qora tignoolajiyada halkaas, waxay odhan doonaan "blockchain waa buug la qaybiyey".

Laakiin waa maxay "Ledger qaybsan"?

Ka fakar sida fayl xog isku mid ah oo ku kaydsan kombiyuutaro badan oo adduunka oo dhan isku mar ah. Taasi waa buug la qaybiyey. Waa la baahiyey – taasoo la macno ah in xogta aan lagu kaydin hal kayd oo ku fadhiya hal server. 

Taa baddalkeeda, dhammaan shabakadaha qanjidhada (kombiyuutarada) ee haya xogta ayaa ka dhigaya "server" noocyada. Faylka lagu kaydiyay buug-yarahaas waxa lagu siinaya saxeex sirta ah si adiga, “ka qaybqaataha” ahaan, aad u arki karto xogta uu ku jiro.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma jiro server dhexe oo haya dhammaan macluumaadka. Tani waa sababta loogu yeero "daadejinta".

Blockchain waxay isticmaashaa tignoolajiyadan ledgerka si ay u kaydiso nooceeda macluumaadka ka samaysan "blocks". "Block" kasta oo cusub oo xog ah waa in la xaqiijiyaa oo lagu ansixiyaa nood kasta oo shabakada ka hor inta aan lagu darin. Tani waa tan ka dhigaysa tignoolajiyada mid aad u ammaan badan.

Si kale haddii loo dhigo, haddii hacker-ku isku dayo inuu ku dhejiyo xogta blockchain oo leh saxeex khaldan oo qarsoodi ah, noodhka xannibaadda ayaa diidi doona.

Tani waa blockchain Taariikh ahaan^{(Historically)} , tignoolajiyada ayaa loo isticmaalay in lagu kaydiyo wax kala iibsiga lacagta elektarooniga ah (sida Bitcoin ). Ganacsiyadu waa sugan yihiin lamana beddeli karo ama laguma dhaqmi karo

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xogta blockchain waxay u isticmaashaa tignoolajiyada blockchain si aad u kala duwan.

Waa maxay Xogta Xogta ee Blockchain?^{(What Is a Blockchain Database?)}

Xogta blockchain waa isticmaalka tignoolajiyada blockchain si loo kaydiyo macluumaadka. Si aad tan u sawirto, qiyaas sida warshadaha maraakiibtu u shaqeeyaan maanta, oo ka soo horjeeda sida ay u shaqeyn karto iyada oo la adeegsanayo xogta blockchain.

Qoraalka dhoofinta waxaa ku jira liiska dhammaan shixnadaha la saaray markabka marka uu dhoofayo, waxa laga soo dejiyo goob kasta, iyo waxa hadha. Dukumeentiyada dhoofinta sidan oo kale ah ayaa muhiim u ah shirkadaha soo rara malaayiin alaab sannadkii, sida Amazon ama Walmart . 

Qoraalku waxa uu ka kooban yahay diiwaan si joogto ah loo cusboonaysiiyay oo ah:

• Sharaxaada alaabta
• Qaade iyo rafiiq
• Tirada alaabta
• Asalka iyo meesha loo socdo
• Qiimaha

Wakiilada kastamka, shirkadaha xamuulka qaada, iyo ururo kale oo badan oo ka kooban silsiladda rarida oo dhan waxay ku xidhan yihiin saxnaanta diiwaanadan. Nasiib darro, adduunka oo dhan, waxaa jira taariikh khiyaano ah - halkaas oo alaabtu "luntey" oo muuqaalada wax laga beddelo fasax la'aan.

Tijaabaynta habsocodka waa ay caawisaa, laakiin kaydka xogta dhexe ayaa wali u nugul jabsiga iyo wax-is-dabamarinta.

Xalka ugu fiican waa kaydka macluumaadka ee blockchain. Tani waa sababta oo ah marka kaydka macluumaadka ee blockchain la cusboonaysiiyo oo la xaqiijiyo inuu yahay block cusub oo ku jira “ledger”, suurtogal ma aha in la beddelo ama la isticmaalo.

1. Dekadda #1, xogta blockchain waa la cusboonaysiiyay iyadoo wadata diiwaanno muujinaya tirada iyo qiimaha badeecadaha lagu raro markabka.
2. Dekadda #2, waa la cusboonaysiiyay mar haddii badeecada la soo dejiyo iyo badeecooyinka baabuurka waa la cusboonaysiiyay marka la raro.
3. Marka ay baabuurtu yimaadaan bakhaarka, kaydka kaydka ee blockchain waxa lagu cusboonaysiiyaa tirada iyo goobta alaabta.
4. Marka alaabtu ka baxdo bakhaarka dukaamada, kaydka macluumaadka ee blockchain si joogto ah ayaa loo cusbooneysiiyaa macluumaadka cusub ee alaabta.

Maadaama wax kala iibsi kasta la ansaxiyay oo la xaqiijiyay inuu yahay mid la xaqiijiyay oo la ansixiyay, isku day kasta oo lagu doonayo in lagu farageliyo tirada ama qiimaha asalka ah ayaa ku guuldareysan doona. Jeegaga iyo dheelitirka waa inay buuxiyaan xaqiijinta adag ee noode kasta oo ku yaal blockchain. "Hadhaaga" khaldan^{(Incorrect “)} lama ogola. Khaladka bini'aadamka^(Human) hadda ma ahan cudur daar sax ah.

A "Silsilad" Database^{(A “Chain” Database)}

Marka aad ka fikirto kaydka kaydka ee blockchain marka loo eego “silsilad”, way fududahay in la sawiro waxa warshadaha ugu fiican tignoolajiyada.

Caadi ahaan, waa meelaha diiwaanku u baahan yahay in lagu dhejiyo macluumaad cusub, sax ah, oo la cusboonaysiiyay.

Si aad tan u aragto ficil ahaan, qiyaasi muujinta dhoofinta oo aad loo fududeeyay, oo leh saddex alaabo. Fiiro gaar ah: kani waa tusaale aad u fudud oo aan u muuqan wax la mid ah xogta dhabta ah ee kaydka kaydka ee blockchain. Tusaalahan waxa kaliya loo isticmaalaa ujeeddooyin tusaaleyn ah.

"Block" ee ugu horreeya ee silsiladda waxaa ku jiri kara xogtan soo socota.

Dekadda ugu horreysa, baloog cusub ayaa lagu daraa silsiladda iyadoo dhammaan wax kala iibsiga ku saabsan badeecadaha la dejiyay ay si qarsoodi ah u caddeeyeen noodhadhka shabakadu inay sax yihiin marka loo eego block-kii asalka ahaa.

Haddii mid ka mid ah wax kala iibsiga uu buro marka loo eego blockka kowaad, baloogga cusub looma aqbali doono macaamil ganacsi oo blockchain ah oo ansax ah.

Tani waxay ka dhigan tahay in qaladka bini'aadamku aanu keeni karin "lumin" alaabta jidka. Dhammaan blockchain waxay u adeegtaa sidii rikoor sax ah oo ku saabsan dariiqa raritaanka dhammaan alaabta jidka.

Habkani wuu sii socdaa, iyo kaydka kaydka ee blockchain wuxuu sii wadaa dhisida baloogyo dheeraad ah, ilaa dhammaan maraakiibta "kala-iibsiga" la dhammeeyo. Waxaa jira diiwaan sax ah oo ku saabsan wax kasta oo aan qofna beddeli karin.

Blockchain Database Applications

Farsamadani miyay faa'iido u leedahay adduunka dhabta ah? Walmart hubaal wuu qabaa.

2018, qaybta Canadian Walmart ^(Canadian)waxay^(Walmart) si rasmi ah u furtay silsiladeeda sahayda ee blockchain taas oo la socota noocyadan macaamil ganacsi ee 70 shirkadood oo xamuul ah.

Walmart's blockchain waxa uu ka koobnaa dhawr daraasiin noodh si uu u sameeyo ansaxinta cryptographic ee loo baahan yahay maadaama baabuurta rarida ay alaab ka soo qaadayaan meel ay u socdaan.

Mid ka mid ah khabiirka ayaa sheegay in nidaamkani uu meesha ka saarayo suurtagalnimada khilaafyada u dhexeeya shirkadaha xamuulka qaada marka diiwaankoodu iswaafaqo waayo.

Walmart maaha shirkadda kaliya ee ka faa'iidaysanaysa kaydadka macluumaadka ee blockchain. Dhammaan codsiyada soo socda ayaa la bilaabay sannadihii ugu dambeeyay.

• Sannadka 2020, Ciidanka Cirka ee Maraykanku ^{(U.S. Air Force)}waxa^(Defense) ay tijaabinayaan xogta blockchain si ay u wadaagaan dukumeentiyada dhammaan Wasaaradda^(Department) Difaaca .
• 2017, qaranka Estonia waxay adeegsatay tignoolajiyada si ay u ilaaliso xogta qaybaha dadweynaha.
• Sannadka 2019, shirkadda saliidda iyo gaasta Dietsmann waxay bilawday duuliye blockchain ah oo leh Modex si ay u geyso mashaariicdeeda blockchain.
• 2018, Maamulka Cuntada^(Food) iyo Dawooyinka^{(Drug Administration)} ayaa sahamiyay iyadoo la adeegsanayo tignoolajiyada xogta macluumaadka ee blockchain si loo ilaaliyo xogta daryeelka caafimaadka.
• Sannadka 2019, Depository Trust & Clearing Corp , oo haysata $48 trillion hantida maalgashiga Wall Street , waxay bilawday kaydka kaydka xogta si ay u maamusho diiwaankeeda 50,000 xisaabaadka.

Sida aad arki karto, xogta blockchain ma aha oo kaliya aragti. Waxa lagu dabaqayaa codsiyada adduunka dhabta ah ee dhabta ah ee u baahan macaamil ganacsi oo la aamini karo.

Waxaa laga yaabaa in mustaqbalka, wax kala beddelasho kasta oo adduunka ah oo u baahan heerarka ugu sarreeya ee amniga ay wax ka qaban doonto nooc ka mid ah tikniyoolajiyadda xogta macluumaadka ee blockchain.

HDG Explains : What Is a Blockchain Database?

If you’re looking for a ѕimple explanation оf what is a blockchain database, yoυ’ll be hard pressed to find оne that focuses on the nutѕ and bolts. Most blockchain enthusiasts speak using broad terms like decentralization and distributed ledgers, but what does it all mean?

Once you’re done reading this article, you’ll understand what a blockchain database is and why it represents an amazing new technology that could transform many industries.

What Is a Blockchain?

The foundational piece of a blockchain database is something called a blockchain. If you ask most tech bloggers out there, they’ll say “a blockchain is a distributed ledger”.

But what’s a “distributed ledger”?

Think of it like an identical data file that’s stored on a bunch of computers across the world all at the same time. That’s a distributed ledger. It’s decentralized – meaning the data isn’t stored on a single database sitting on a single server. 

Instead, the entire network of nodes (computers) holding the data makes up the “server” of sorts. The file stored in that ledger is provided with a cryptographic signature so that you, as a “participant”, can view the data it contains.

However, there’s no central server that holds all of the information. This is why it’s called “decentralized”.

A blockchain makes use of this ledger technology to store its own type of information made up of “blocks”. Every new “block” of data has to be confirmed and validated by every node on the network before it can get added. This is what makes the technology so secure.

In other words, if a hacker who tries to attach data to the blockchain with the wrong cryptographic signature, the blockchain nodes will reject it.

This is a blockchain. Historically, the technology has been used to store transactions of electronic currency (like Bitcoin). Transactions are secure and can’t be altered or manipulated.

However, a blockchain database makes use of blockchain technology in a very different way.

What Is a Blockchain Database?

A blockchain database is the use of blockchain technology to store information. To visualize this, imagine how the shipping industry works today, versus how it could work using a blockchain database.

A shipping manifest contains a list of all of the cargo placed on board a ship when it departed, what gets unloaded at every dock, and what remains. Shipping documents like this are critical for companies that ship millions of goods a year, like Amazon or Walmart. 

A manifest contains a constantly updated log of:

• Description of goods
• Consignor and consignee
• Quantity of goods
• Origin and destination
• Value

Customs agents, trucking companies, and many other organizations that make up the entire shipping chain depend on the accuracy of these records. Unfortunately, throughout the world, there’s a history of fraud – where goods are “lost” and manifests are modified without authorization.

Digitizing the process helps, but a centralized database is still susceptible to hacking and manipulation.

The perfect solution is a blockchain database. This is because once a blockchain database is updated and verified as a new block in the “ledger”, it’s impossible to change or manipulate.

1. At port #1, the blockchain database is updated with records showing the quantity and value of goods loaded onto the ship.
2. At port #2, it’s updated as goods are offloaded and trucking manifests are updated as they are loaded.
3. When trucks arrive at the warehouse, the blockchain database is updated with the quantity and location of the goods.
4. When the goods leave the warehouse to the stores, the blockchain database is constantly updated with new information about the goods.

Since every transaction is validated and verified as authenticated and approved, any attempt to manipulate the original quantity or value along the way will fail. Checks and balances must meet the strict authentication of every node in the blockchain. Incorrect “balances” aren’t allowed. Human error is no longer a valid excuse.

A “Chain” Database

When you think of the blockchain database in terms of a “chain”, it’s easy to picture what industries are best for the technology.

Typically, it’s those areas where a record needs to be appended to with new, accurate, updated information.

To see this in action, imagine a very simplified shipping manifest, with three goods. Note: this is a very simple example and looks nothing like actual data in a shipping blockchain database. This example is only used for illustrative purposes.

The first “block” in the chain may contain the following data.

At the first port, a new block is added to the chain with all transactions about offloaded goods cryptographically proven by the network nodes to be accurate in relation to the original block.

If any of the transactions are invalid in relation to the first block, the new block won’t be accepted as a valid blockchain transaction.

This means that human error can’t cause a “loss” of goods along the route. The entire blockchain serves as an accurate record of the route of shipment for all goods along the way.

This process continues, and the blockchain database continues building additional blocks, until the entire shipping “transaction” is complete. There is an accurate record for anything that no one can alter.

Blockchain Database Applications

Is this technology useful in the real world? Walmart certainly thinks so.

In 2018, the Canadian division of Walmart officially launched its own blockchain supply chain that tracked these kinds of shipping transactions for its 70 trucking company vendors.

Walmart’s blockchain only contained a few dozen nodes to perform the cryptographic validation required as shipping trucks carried goods from one destination to another.

One expert said that the system removes the likelihood of disputes between trucking companies when their records don’t match.

Walmart isn’t the only company taking advantage of blockchain databases. All of the following applications have been launched in recent years.

• In 2020, the U.S. Air Force is testing a blockchain database to share documents throughout the Department of Defense.
• In 2017, the nation of Estonia used the technology to protect public-sector data.
• In 2019, oil and gas firm Dietsmann launched a blockchain pilot with Modex to deploy its own blockchain projects.
• In 2018, the Food and Drug Administration explored using blockchain database technology to protect healthcare data.
• In 2019, Depository Trust & Clearing Corp, which holds $48 trillion in Wall Street investment assets, launched a blockchain database to handle its records for 50,000 accounts.

As you can see, blockchain databases aren’t just theoretical. They are being applied to very real real world applications that require trusted transactions.

It may very well be that in the future, any transaction in the world that requires the highest levels of security will be handled by some type of blockchain database technology.

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