Shabakadaha kombuyuutarku^(Computer) waa laba nooc. Mid waa nooca server-ka macmiilka^{(Client server model)} halkaasoo dhammaan kumbiyuutarrada ay ku xiran yihiin kombuyuutar server ah oo fududeynaya wadaagista faylka. Nooca kale ee shabakada kombuyuutarku waa Peer to Peer . fac iyo asaageed macnaheedu waa maqnaanshaha server u go'ay. Sida magacu tilmaamayo, waxay ku xidhan yihiin asxaab ahaan - si toos ah midba midka kale halkii uu ku xidhi lahaa server. Maqaalkani waxa uu sharxayaa wadaagista fayl-wadaagga isku-filka ee shabakadaha fiilada leh iyo internetka^(Internet) .

Waa maxay Shabakadda Isku^(Peer) - Dheer^(Peer) ( P2P )

Marka ay timaado ereyga isku-xirfadeed, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan shabakadaha P2P^{(P2P networks)} , sawir ayaa soo baxaya - kombiyuutarada lamaanaha ah ee si toos ah isugu xiran. Waxa lagu xidhi karaa USB ama fiilooyinka Ethernet . Ka soo qaad in ay jiraan saddex kombuyuutar oo kala ah A, B iyo C, haddii A ku xidho B iyo B ay ku xidho C, isticmaaleyaasha A waxa ay si fudud u geli karaan faylasha iyo daabacadaha ku xidhan C, waase haddii kumbiyuutarka C uu oggolaado in la wadaago faylka iyo daabacadaha. Waa sida shabakada Homegroup ee nidaamka hawlgalka ^(Homegroup)Windows .

Shabakad isku-fac ah ayaa sidoo kale lagu hirgelin karaa iyadoo la adeegsanayo hub si aadan ugu baahnayn kaarar dheeri ah oo Ethernet si aad awood ugu yeelatid wadaagga faylka iyo daabacaha. Xaruntu waxay runtii noqon kartaa router leh wax ka badan hal deked LAN ama xarun USB ah. Sawirka hoose ka daawo sida uu u egyahay

Wadaagista Faylka Isku^{(Over Peer)} Xirka Shabakadda asaagga ah

Shabakado isku-fac^{(Peer-to-peer)} ah ayaa laga hirgelin karaa gudaha ama isticmaalka internetka^(Internet) . Xaaladda dambe, kombuyuutarku kuma xidhna iyadoo la isticmaalayo fiilooyinka Ethernet . Hase yeeshe, waxay isticmaalaan isku xirka internetka^(Internet) caadiga ah si ay isugu xirmaan midba midka kale. Haddii aad isticmaalaysay BitTorrents, waxaad qayb ka ahayd shabakad isku mid ah. Wadaagista faylka labada nooc ee shabakadaha P2P waxay u dhacdaa ku dhawaad ​​si isku mid ah. Marka hore aan eegno shabakadaha guriga ee P2P ee caadiga ah.

Akhri: ^(Read:) Waa maxay faylasha Torrent^{(What are Torrent files)} .

Shabakadaha P2P^(P2P) ee ku salaysan Windows , faylalka dadwaynaha ayaa mar hore la wadaagay. Waxay ka muuqdaan Shabakaddayda^{(My Network)} hoosteeda . Haddii kale, u tag kumbiyuutar kasta oo wadaag faylasha iyo meelaha ku hareeraysan ee aad rabto inaad wadaagto.

Waxaad dooran kartaa faylalka aad la wadaagto adiga oo midigta gujinaya galka oo aad tagtid Share tab. Tabaha la wadaago^(Share) waxaa lagu magacaabi karaa si kala duwan noocyada kala duwan ee Windows . Waxaad awood u leedahay wadaaga galka adiga oo sax ku saxa sanduuqa calaamadaynta. Liiska hoos-u-dhaca ee ka muuqda tab-wadaagga, dooro Qof kasta^(Everyone) . Waxa kale oo aad kombuyuutarrada ka dooran kartaa liiska hoos-hoosaadka ee Share tab oo guji Share si aad ula wadaagto galka kombiyuutarrada la xushay.

Marka la soo koobo, habka faylka iyo galka wadaagga ee shabakadaha isku-filka ah ayaa ka fudud sidaad u malaynayso. Kumbiyuutarrada ayaa ku xiran isla marka aad ku xirto xuddunta.

Ku Wareejinta Faylka iyadoo la adeegsanayo P2P intarneedka^(Internet)

Tani waa meesha BitTorrent ka soo gasho. Hab-maamuuska, BitTorrent , ayaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu soo dejiyo faylasha waaweyn ee internetka^(Internet) . Xaaladda BitTorrent , isla marka aad bilowdo soo dejin, kombayutarkaagu wuxuu noqonayaa qayb ka mid ah isku^(Peer) xidhka asxaabta^(Peer) ee internetka^(Internet) .

Si aad u caddaato, faylka weyn laguma hayo kombiyuutar keliya marka uu diyaar u yahay soo dejinta BitTorrent . Waxay ku faaftaa kombiyuutaro badan oo qaybo kala duwan ah. Markaad isticmaasho faylka torrent si aad u soo dejiso faylka, waxaad ku xidhmaysaa in ka badan hal kombuyuutar, macmiilkaaga BitTorrent wuxuu soo dejinayaa qaybo kala duwan oo kombiyuutaro kala duwan ah kuwaas oo sameeya raxan^(swarm) (ama koox kombiyuutaro ah oo la xidhiidha soo dejintaas).

Kumbiyuutarkaagu sidoo kale, waa qayb ka mid ah raxankaas ilaa inta aad soo dejisanayso maadaama uu xiriir toos ah la yeesho kombiyuutarada kala duwan ee isticmaalaya internetka^(Internet) . Sidoo kale, ilaa inta macmiilka BitTorrent uu shaqaynayo, waa abuurka^(seeding) , tusaale ahaan, ku dhejinta qaybo ka mid ah faylka la soo dejiyey ee internetka^(Internet) si dadka kale ee isku dayaya inay soo dejiyaan faylka isku mar, laga yaabo inay ka soo dejiyaan wax kasta oo macmiilkaaga BitTorrent ah. soo dejinta. Tani waxay u dheer tahay asxaabta^(peers) (kumbuyuutarrada martigeliya qaybo ka mid ah soo dejinta, si toos ah ugu xiran, iyada oo aan loo baahnayn server dhexda) halka isticmaalaha kale uu ka helayo faylka.

Tani waxay sharxaysaa isku xidhka Peer to Peer iyo wadaaga fayl ama daabacaha ee luqadda caadiga ah.^{(This explains Peer to Peer networking and file or printer sharing in layman’s language.)}

Peer to Peer Networking (P2P) and File Sharing explained

Computer networks are of two types. One is the Client server model where all computers are connected to a server computer that facilitates file sharing. The other type of computer network is Peer to Peer. Peer to peer means the absence of a dedicated server. As the name suggests, they are connected as peers – directly to each other instead of having to connect to a server. This article explains peer-to-peer file sharing over wired networks and the Internet.

What are Peer to Peer (P2P) Networks

When it comes to the term peer-to-peer network, also known as P2P networks, a picture appears – of a couple of computers connected directly to each other. They can be connected via USB or via Ethernet cables. Suppose there are three computers A, B, and C, if A connects to B and B connects to C, the users of A can easily access files and printers connected to C, provided the computer C allows for file and printer sharing. It is just like the Homegroup network in Windows operating system.

A peer-to-peer network can also be implemented using a hub so that you do not need extra Ethernet cards to enable file and printer sharing. A hub could ideally be a router that has more than one LAN port or a USB hub. See the image below for how it looks.

File Sharing Over Peer To Peer Networks

Peer-to-peer networks can be implemented locally or via the use of the Internet. In the latter case, computers are not connected using Ethernet cables. Rather, they use normal Internet connections to connect to each other. If you have been using BitTorrents, you have been part of such a peer-to-peer network. File sharing in both types of P2P networks happens almost in the same way. Let us take a look at normal P2P home networks first.

Read: What are Torrent files.

In Windows-based P2P networks, the public folders are already shared. They are visible under My Network. If not, go to each computer and share the files and peripherals you wish to share.

You can select which folders to share by right-clicking on the folder and going to the Share tab. The Share tab may be named differently in different versions of Windows. You enable folder sharing by ticking the check box. In the drop-down list that appears on the share tab, select Everyone. You can also select computers from the drop-down list on the Share tab and click Share to share a folder with select computers.

In short, the process of file and folder sharing in wired peer-to-peer networks is easier than you think. The computers are connected as soon as you connect them to the hub.

File Transfering via P2P on the Internet

This is where BitTorrent comes in. The protocol, BitTorrent, is used to download large files from the Internet. In the case of BitTorrent, as soon as you initiate a download, your computer becomes a part of the Peer to Peer network on the Internet.

To be clear, a large file is not hosted on a single computer when it is available for download via BitTorrent. It is spread over multiple computers in form of different parts. When you use a .torrent file to download a file, you connect to more than one computer, and your BitTorrent client downloads different segments from different computers that form a swarm (or a group of computers related to that download).

Your computer too, is a part of that swarm as long as you are downloading as it establishes a direct connection to different computers using the Internet. Also, as long as your BitTorrent client is running, it is seeding, i.e., uploading parts of the downloaded file to the Internet so that others who are trying to download the file at the same time, may download it from whatever your BitTorrent client is uploading. This is in addition to the peers (computers hosting parts of download, connected directly, without the need of a server in middle) from where the other user is receiving the file.

This explains Peer to Peer networking and file or printer sharing in layman’s language.

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