Ubuntu iyo kuwa kale ee Linux distros, aaladaha khadka amarku^{(command line tools)} inta badan waa habka ugu wanaagsan ee lagula falgali karo shaqada gudaha ee kumbuyuutarka. Amarka ifconfig waxaa loo isticmaalaa habaynta shabakadaha shabakadaha Linux .

Ifconfig waa nooc ka da' weyn taliska ip, laakiin qaar badan ayaa wali doorbida ifconfig sababtoo ah hab-raaceeda fudud iyo fududaynta isticmaalka. Laakiin sidee ayaad u isticmaashaa ifconfig ee qaabeynta interface network? Halkan waxaa ah socod-socod

Rakibaadda Qalabka Shabakadda

Amarka ifconfig kuma yimaado qaybinta Linux si caadi ah. ^(Linux)Inta badan maamulayaasha nidaamka ayaa rakibi doona xirmada uu leeyahay marka wax la dejinayo, laakiin xaaladaha qaarkood, waxaa laga yaabaa inay ka maqan tahay kumbuyuutarkaaga. Waxaad ku rakiban kartaa si fudud.

Haddii aad isku daydo inaad isticmaasho amarka ifconfig ee nidaamka aan la rakibin, waxaad heli doontaa fariin qalad - oo ay la socoto tilmaamo ku saabsan sida loo rakibo. Kaliya geli amarka:

sudo apt install net-tools

Tani waxay ku rakibi doontaa ifconfig iyo dhowr utility qaabeynta shabakada kale. Ogsoonow in sudo looga baahan yahay rakibaadda ifconfig iyo karti-gelinta ama joojinta shabakadaha.

Daawashada Macluumaadka Shabakada Isticmaalka^{(Network Information Using)} ifconfig

Habka ugu fudud ee loo isticmaalo amarka ifconfig waa in si toos ah loo maamulo iyada oo aan wax xaddidaad ah lahayn. Tani waxay kor u qaadaysaa macluumaadka dhammaan is-dhexgalka firfircoon, oo ay ku jiraan ethernet iyo xidhiidhada wireless.

Tani waxay ku siinaysaa dhammaan macluumaadka muhiimka ah ee ku saabsan is-dhex-galka shabakadda, oo ay ku jiraan qiimaha MTU (Utubta ^(MTU)Gudbinta^{(Transmission Unit)} ugu sarreysa ), cinwaannada IP-ga^{(IP addresses)} , iyo taariikhda xirmada. Haddii aad rabto oo kaliya tafatirka farsamada qaab aad u dheefsan leh oo leh magacyo interface, geli ifconfig -s.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, labadan nooc kuma jiraan shabakado aan shaqaynayn. Si aad u aragto dhammaan isku-xidhka shabakadaha, isticmaal amarka ifconfig -a beddelka.

Markaad hore u taqaanay magaca shabakadaha oo aad rabto kaliya heerka interface gaar ah, waxaad magaceeda ku dari kartaa amarka ifconfig. Sida tan:

ifconfig eth0

Awood-siinta iyo Deminta Shabakadaha^{(Disabling Networks)} Ifconfig

La socodka xaalada shabakadaha socodsiinta ma aha waxa kaliya ee aad ku samayn karto ifconfig. Waxa kale oo aad isticmaali kartaa amarka si aad u habayso ku dhawaad ​​dhinac kasta oo ka mid ah is-dhexgalkan, ilaa MTU iyo maaskaro la isticmaalay.

Kiis isticmaalka ugu fudud waa in la bilaabo ama la joojiyo shabakadaha. Waxaad tan ku samayn kartaa adigoo isticmaalaya amarka soo socda:

sudo ifconfig magaca kor

Halbeegga "magaca" waa magaca dhabta ah ee shabakada. Tan waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu suurtageliyo mid kasta oo ka mid ah is-dhexgalka aan firfircoonayn ee la ogaado iyada oo la adeegsanayo amarka ifconfig-a.

Si aad u joojiso shabakad, kaliya isticmaal hoos intaad kor u qaadi lahayd:

sudo ifconfig dummy0 hoos

Tani waxay gabyi doontaa interface-ka.

Isku-dubbaridka shabakadaha leh ifconfig

Wax ka beddelka qiime kasta oo la xidhiidha is-dhexgalka shabakadu waa sahlan tahay. Kaliya^(Just) xasuuso inaad ku diyaariso amarka sudo, maadaama dhammaan isbeddelladan ay u baahan yihiin mudnaanta maamulaha si ay u dhaqan galaan.

Isticmaalka ugu badan ee sifadan waa in lagu meeleeyo ciwaanka IP caadada u ah shabakad. Tusaale ahaan, kani waa sida loo siiyo ciwaanka IP-ga cusub ee dummy0:

sudo ifconfig dummy0 29.95.245.112

Waxaad geli kartaa ciwaan kasta oo IP ah oo sax ah ka dib magaca shabakada si aad ugu meeleyso. Waxa kaliya oo aad heli doontaa fariin haddii aad si khaldan u gashay wax Haddii kale, isbeddelku isla markiiba wuu dhaqan galayaa.

Waxa kale oo aad qeexi kartaa shabkada sidaan:

sudo ifconfig dummy0 netmask 255.255.255.0

Habka dejinta ciwaanka war baahintu waa la mid:

sudo ifconfig dummy0 baahinta 77.40.108.115

Haddii aad raadinayso inaad wax ka beddesho dhammaan ciwaannadan IP-ga ee shabakadda, way ka waxtar badan tahay in la isku wada daro dhammaan amarrada. Sida amarrada Linux intooda badan , waxaad ku dari kartaa doodo badan oo isku mid ah.

Interface-ka shabakadu waxa kale oo uu yeelan karaa hal ama ka badan magacyo. Kuwaas waxaa lagu qeexaa syntax of name:x, halkaas oo magacu yahay magaca shabakada iyo xa digit. Tusaale ahaan, waa kan sida loogu daro cinwaanka IP-ga ee naanaysta ee shabakadda dummy0.

sudo ifconfig dummy0: 0 69.72.169.2

Waxaad xaqiijin kartaa inay shaqeysay adigoo isticmaalaya ifconfig si aad u hesho xaaladdeeda.

ifconfig dummy0:0

Maxaa kale oo aad ku sameyn kartaa ifconfig?

Amarka ifconfig wuxuu leeyahay liis ballaaran oo doodo ah oo aad isticmaali karto si aad wax uga beddesho doorsoomayaal kale oo badan oo is-dhexgal shabakadeed ah. Waxaad awood u yeelan kartaa multicast-ka, dejiso MTU -ga , oo aad dhaqaajiso hab-xadgudubka, iyo waxyaabo kale.

Bogagga rasmiga ah ee ninku^{(official man pages)} waxay leeyihiin liis dhammaystiran oo ku saabsan dhammaan doodaha loo isticmaali karo ifconfig, oo ay la socoto qeexitaan farsamo oo mid kastaa sameeyo. Waxaad, dabcan, ka wici kartaa buug-gacmeedka terminalka laftiisa adoo isticmaalaya amarka ninka ifconfig.

Goorma ayay tahay inaad isticmaasho ifconfig?

Isticmaalayaasha intooda badan, ma jirto sabab yar oo loo isticmaalo amarka ifconfig. Dejinta otomaatiga ah ee lagu bixiyo default ayaa ku filan isticmaalka internetka caadiga ah.

Laakiin haddii aad tahay maamule nidaam doonaya kontorool dheeri ah oo ku saabsan is-dhexgalka shabakadooda, markaa ifconfig waa aaladda adiga kaliya. Waxaad isticmaali kartaa amarka markaad kor u qaaddo nidaamka si aad si sax ah u habayso is-dhexgalka shabakada ka dibna aad u iloobo.

Way ku anfacaysaa ogaanshaha arrimaha shabakada sidoo kale maadaama aad waydiin karto heerka is-dhexgal shabakad kasta oo aad habayn karto. Waxaad isticmaali kartaa ifconfig si aad dib ugu bilowdo shabakadaha ama aad u bedesho cabbirada farsamada ilaa ay si habsami leh u shaqeyso.

Linux Ifconfig Command: How to Use It

In Ubuntu аnd other Linux distros, command line tools are usually the best way to interact with the inner workings of the computer. The ifconfig command is used for configuring network settings on Linux.

Ifconfig is an older version of the ip command, but many still prefer ifconfig due to its simpler syntax and ease of use. But how exactly do you use ifconfig for network interface configuration? Here is a walkthrough.

Installing Net-Tools

The ifconfig command doesn’t come installed into Linux distributions by default. Most system administrators will install the package it belongs to when setting things up, but in some cases, it might be missing on your computer. You can install it easily.

If you try using the ifconfig command on a system that doesn’t have it installed, you’ll get an error message – along with instructions on how to install it. Just enter the command:

sudo apt install net-tools

This will install ifconfig and a few other network configuration utilities. Note that sudo is required for installing ifconfig and enabling or disabling networks.

Viewing Network Information Using ifconfig

The simplest way to use the ifconfig command is to run it directly without any parameters. This brings up information on all active interfaces, including ethernet and wireless connections.

This provides all pertinent information about the network interfaces, including MTU value (Maximum Transmission Unit), IP addresses, and packet history. If you only want the technical specs in a more digestible format with interface names, enter ifconfig -s.

However, both of these versions don’t include currently inactive networks. To view all network interfaces, use the ifconfig -a command instead.

When you already know the name of the networks and only want the status of a particular interface, you can append its name to the ifconfig command. Like this:

ifconfig eth0

Enabling and Disabling Networks With ifconfig

Monitoring the status of running networks isn’t the only thing you can do with ifconfig. You can also use the command to configure almost every aspect of these interfaces, down to the MTU and the masking used.

The simplest use case is to start up or stop networks. You can do this by using the following command:

sudo ifconfig name up

The “name” parameter is the actual name of the network. This can be used to enable any of the inactive interfaces detected using the ifconfig -a command.

To disable a network, just use down instead of up:

sudo ifconfig dummy0 down

This will disable the interface.

Configuring Networks With ifconfig

Modifying any value associated with a network interface is easy. Just remember to prepend the command with sudo, as all these changes require administrator privileges to take effect.

The most common use of this feature is to assign a custom IP address to a network. For example, this is how to give a new IP address to the dummy0 interface:

sudo ifconfig dummy0 29.95.245.112

You can enter any valid IP address after the network name to assign it. You will only get a message if you entered something incorrectly. Otherwise, the change will immediately take effect.

You can also specify a netmask like this:

sudo ifconfig dummy0 netmask 255.255.255.0

The syntax for setting a broadcast address is similar:

sudo ifconfig dummy0 broadcast 77.40.108.115

If you’re looking to modify all these IP addresses for a network, it’s more efficient to lump all the commands together. Like most Linux commands, you can include multiple arguments in the same line.

A network interface can also have one or more aliases. These are specified by the syntax of name:x, where name is the network’s name and x a digit. For example, here is how to add an alias IP address to the dummy0 network.

sudo ifconfig dummy0:0 69.72.169.2

You can confirm that it worked by using ifconfig to get its status.

ifconfig dummy0:0

What Else Can You Do With ifconfig?

The ifconfig command has an extensive list of arguments that you can use to modify many other variables of a network interface. You can enable multicast, set the MTU, and activate promiscuous mode, among other things.

The official man pages have a complete list of all the arguments that can be used with ifconfig, along with a technical definition of what each does. You can, of course, invoke the manual from the terminal itself using the man ifconfig command.

When Should You Use ifconfig?

For most users, there’s little reason to be using the ifconfig command. The automatic settings provided by default are good enough for normal internet usage.

But if you’re a system administrator who wants more granular control over their network interfaces, then ifconfig is just the tool for you. You can use the command upon booting up the system to properly configure network interfaces and then pretty much forget about it.

It’s handy in diagnosing network issues as well since you can query the status of any network interface and configure it. You can use ifconfig to restart networks or even switch technical parameters until it works more smoothly.

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