Linux Mint guud ahaan waxaa loo arkaa habka ugu fudud ee looga fogaan karo Windows iyo Mac oo loo galo adduunka cajiibka ah ee nidaamyada hawlgalka il furan. Habka rakibaadda fudud, is-dhexgalka weyn iyo waxyaabo badan oo fudud oo nolosha ah, ma jiraan wax kaa joojinaya inaad tijaabiso nooca weyn ee Linux , gaar ahaan haddii aad rabto inaad iska ilaaliso Windows 11 . Waxaan ku tusi doonaa xadhkaha hagahan Linux Mint .

Ogsoonow in tani ay tahay hage lagu rakibo Mint xoqan. Haddii aad hore u ahayd isticmaale Mint , waxaanu haynaa hage dib loogu rakibo Mint^{(reinstalling Mint)} adigoon luminin mid ka mid ah dookhyadaada.

Sida loo rakibo Linux Mint

Si aad u bilowdo Linux Mint , marka hore waxaad u baahan tahay inaad soo dejiso faylka rakibaadda oo aad ku wareejiso USB drive ama nooc kale oo kaydinta la saari karo. 

Soo dejinaya Mint

1. Booqo linuxmint.com oo dhagsii badhanka soo dejinta^(download) ee aad ku aragto dhanka qaybta sare ee shaashadda. Faylku wuxuu ku saabsan yahay 2GB, in kasta oo Mint uu u baahan doono agagaarka 12GB si loo rakibo.

1. Shaashadda xigta waxay kuu haysaa saddex qaybood oo Mint ah . Tani waxay u ekaan kartaa jahawareer, laakiin aad ayey ugu badan tahay doorashada u dhaxaysa nooca interneedka aad hesho. Haddii aad ka timid Windows , soo qaado qorfe^(Cinnamon) (kan sare). Haddii aad ka imanayso Ubuntu , MATE waxay u badan tahay inay tahay xulashada saxda ah. Xulashada ugu dambeysa, Xfce , waxay u badan tahay in loo daayo halyeeyada Linux maadaama ay si weyn ugu tiirsan tahay isticmaalka terminalka.

1. Shaashadda xigta waxay ku siinaysaa kooban oo ku saabsan waxaad soo dejisanayso, laakiin ma jiro badhanka soo dejisan. Si aad u soo dejiso^(download) , hoos u yara dhaadhac liiska muraayadaha oo dooro meesha^{(pick the location)} kuugu dhow, ama waddan kuu dhow. Markaad doorato meel, sug inta faylka la soo dejinayo.

Ogeysiis Degdeg ah^(Quick) oo ku saabsan Noocyada Mint Linux^{(Linux Mint)}

Haddii aad marto dariiqa kore, waxaad had iyo jeer heli doontaa noocii ugu dambeeyay ee Linux Mint . Xaaladeena, horraantii Oktoobar 2021^{(October 2021)} , waa nooca 20.2, oo loo yaqaan Uma - nooc kasta oo Linux ah wuxuu helayaa magac dumar ah. Waa hab anfacaya oo lagu xasuusan karo.

Xaaladaha qaarkood, in kastoo, waxay noqon kartaa in nooca cusubi uu yahay mid aad u cusub oo uu leeyahay arrimo ilko, ama laga yaabo inuu si fiican ugu shaqeeyo qalabkaaga. Haddii taasi dhacdo, waxaa laga yaabaa inaad rabto inaad soo dejiso nooc hore. Si aad sidaas u samayso, guji tab download ee dhinaca midig ee sare ee shaashadda oo dooro dhammaan noocyada^{(all versions)} .

Taasi waxay ku geyn doontaa shaashad cusub oo leh dhammaan noocyada la heli karo ee Linux Mint . Haddii aad wax dhibaato ah ku qabtid Mint , kaliya ku noqo hal ama laba nooc oo waa inay hagaajiyaan wixii arrimo ah ee aad qabtid.

Ku rakibida Linux Mint

1. Si aad u rakibto Mint , marka hore waxaad u baahan tahay inaad hesho faylka .iso ee aad soo dejisay oo aad ku dhejiso qalabka kaydinta ee laga saari karo, sida thumbdrive. Daaqadaha^(Windows) , waxaan u haynaa hab ku anfacaya sida loo abuuro USB-drive bootable^{(bootable USB drives)} . Haddii aad hore ugu jirtay Linux , waxa aad hawshan u isticmaali kartaa barnaamij Linux ah oo lagu magacaabo USB Image Writer .

1. Marka taasi la sooco, waxaad u baahan tahay inaad bedesho nidaamka boot-ka ee qalabkaaga BIOS^{(boot order in the BIOS)} (waxaanu haynaa hage taas ). Marka taasi dhammaato, geli USB-ga^(USB) , ka dib kombayutarkaga dib u bilow. Haddii aad u dhejiso usha USB sida xulashada boot ee ugu horeysa, Mint ayaa si toos ah u kicin doonta. Haddii aad rabto inaad ku rakibto Mint , dooro ikhtiyaarka ugu sarreeya

1. Marka xigta, waxaa lagugu keenayaa miiska Mint 's desktop. Waxaa muhiim ah in la fahmo in tani aysan macnaheedu ahayn in Mint la rakibay, kaliya ayaa si toos ah looga soo qaaday thumbdrive. Waxay la mid tahay tijaabo si aad u barato Mint xoogaa ka hor inta aanad go'aansan inaad rakibto. Haddii aad go'aansatay inaad sii waddo, kaliya dhagsii astaanta diskka ee lagu magacaabo install Linux Mint .

1. Haddii aad waligaa rakibtay Windows ama xitaa Mac , shaashadaha soo socda waa inay ugu yaraan dareemaan aqoon: waxaad doorataa luqadaada iyo qaabka kumbuyuutarka. 

1. Marka labadaas la sameeyo, shaashadda saddexaad ayaa kuu dooran doonta inaad ku rakibto codec-yada warbaahinta badan^{(multimedia codecs)} iyo in kale . Waxaan kugula talineynaa inaad saxdo sanduuqa^{(checking the box)} , maxaa yeelay waxaas oo dhami waxay kaa badbaadinayaan xoogaa mashquul ah hadhow - waxaad u baahan doontaa codecyadaas inta badan kiisaska si kastaba ha ahaatee. Kaliya iska daa iyada oo aan la hubin haddii aad si gaar ah u leedahay codecs.

1. Tallaabada xigta waa wax yar oo dhib badan: waxaad dooran kartaa inaad si buuxda u tirtirto rakibaadaada hadda^{(wipe your current install)} (waxay ku tusaysaa sida bannaan sawirka hoose sababtoo ah waxaan isticmaaleynaa mashiinka farsamada) ama samee qaybo kuu gaar ah iyo wixii la mid ah. Waxaan la soconaa doorashada ugu sareysa halkan, fiiri hagahayaga ku saabsan sida loo laba-boot Windows iyo Linux Mint^{(how to dual-boot Windows and Linux Mint)} wixii macluumaad dheeraad ah ee doorashada labaad.

6a. Haddii aad rabto wax qabad dheeri ah, waxaan kugula talineynaa inaad gujiso astaamaha horumarsan oo dooro isticmaalka ^{(advanced features )}maaraynta mugga macquulka^{(logical volume management)} ah ee Linux ( LVM ). Waxay kuu sahlaysaa inaad isku qasto qaybo hadhow haddii aad sidaas doorato. Sida ikhtiyaarka dheeriga ah, waxaad sidoo kale ku dari kartaa erayga sirta ah darawalkaaga adag haddii aad jeceshahay amniga dheeriga ah - waa wax caqli gal ah in la sameeyo, gaar ahaan laptopsyada.

1. Iyadoo intaas oo dhan la sameeyay, kaliya dooro Ku rakib Hadda^{(Install Now)} .

1. Marka xigta waxaad u baahan tahay inaad doorato aaggaaga wakhtiga.

1. Talaabada ugu dambeysa ee ka hor inta aan la bilaabin rakibidda waa qaadashada magaca isticmaalaha iyo erayga sirta ah. Furaha sirta ah lama soo saari karo ka dib markaad dejiso, markaa iska hubi inaad xasuusan karto ama ku qor meel aan cid kale ka heli karin. Haddii kale, waxaad dejin kartaa Linux si ay si toos ah u gasho^{(log in automatically)} , inkasta oo aanaan ku talinaynin laptops-yada. Haddii aad doorato Encrypt Folder My Home^{(Encrypt My Home Folder)} , waxaa laguu soo jeedin doonaa inaad geliso eraygaaga sirta ah mar kasta oo aad gasho nidaamka faylalka, kaas oo ku kordhinaya xoogaa ammaan ah, laakiin sidoo kale dhib.

1. Taas, waad dhammaysay: kaliya dooro sii wad^(continue) oo Linux Mint ayaa ku rakibi doonta kumbuyuutarkaaga. Dhammaantood si qurux badan ayay halkan uga socdaan, markaa dib u fadhiiso oo ku raaxayso slideshow xoogaa (qiyaastii 10-15 daqiiqo iyadoo ku xidhan nidaamkaaga). Wax kasta oo aad samayso, ha ku dhufan badhanka ka bood^{(do NOT hit the Skip button)} .

1. Marka Linux ay shaqeyso sixirkeeda, waxaa lagugu soo celin doonaa miiskaaga waxaana lagu siin doonaa doorashada inaad sii wadato kalfadhiga tijaabada, ama aad dib ugu bilowdo Linux Mint saxda ah. Hadda dooro Dib u bilow^{(Restart Now)} oo u ogolow kombuyuutarku inuu dib u bilaabo. Dhammaantiin waad dhammaatay rakibidda, waa waqtigii aad arki lahayd waxa nidaamkaaga cusubi uu qaban karo.

Barashada Naftaada Linux Mint

Marka Linux uu dib u bilaabo, waxaad arki doontaa miiska - waqtigan iyada oo aan lahayn ikhtiyaarka lagu rakibo - iyo soo dhawaynta barnaamijka Mint^{(welcome to Mint )} ayaa socon doona. 

Waxaan xaqiiqdii kugula talineynaa inaad naftaada ku dhex marto tillaabooyinka ugu horreeya^{(first steps)} sida ku qeexan barnaamijkan oo aad qori ku dhex riddo dukumentiyada iyo agabka kale ee lagu bixiyay. Tani waa sababta oo ah Linux Mint waxay kaaga baahan tahay inaad ogolaato tillaabooyin gaar ah si ay ugu shaqeyso si habsami leh, si ka duwan Windows oo inta badan si toos ah u wada tillaabooyin badan fasax la'aan.

Waxaad apps-kan ku furi kartaa shaashadda soo dhawaynta, ama menu-ka, kaas oo u shaqeeya sidii badhanka Windows Start ee sannadkii hore. ^{(Windows Start)}Kaliya^(Just) dhagsii badhanka nidaamka Linux ee dhanka bidix ee hoose ee shaashadda si caadi ah, ama furaha Windows ee kumbuyuutarkaaga, haddii aad mid leedahay.

Inta badan barnaamijyada aad u baahan doonto waxay ku hoos jiraan maamulka^{(Administration)} tab, laakiin sidoo kale waxaad ka heli kartaa iyaga oo gelisa magacooda bar raadinta ee sare ee liiska. Waxaan ku dul mari doonaa kuwa ugu muhiimsan halkan.

Ogsoonow in marka aad isku mashquulinayso nidaamyadan horumarsan, waxaa lagugu soo jeedin doonaa inaad geliso eraygaaga sirta ah marar badan. Tani waa sida Linux u hubiso in qofna uusan faragelin nidaamka ilaa ay garanayaan waxa ay sameynayaan.

Maamulaha Cusboonaysiinta Mint

Mid ka mid ah waayo-aragnimada ugu xun haddii aad ka timid Windows waa Maareeyaha Cusboonaysiinta^{(Update Manager)} , kaas oo ku siinaya liiska abka, barnaamijyada iyo qaybaha OS ee leh cusbooneysiinta la heli karo, oo kuu ogolaanaya inaad go'aansato inaad rabto inaad cusbooneysiiso iyo in kale. Iyadoo Linux , ay tagtay waagii cusboonaysiinta nidaamka ee dhuuntaada laga tuuray.

Taasi waxay tidhi, ilaa aad ogtahay waxaad samaynayso, waxaan kugula talineynaa inaad ka tagto wax walba oo la hubiyay oo dooro Ku rakib Cusbooneysii^{(Install Updates)} . Tani waxay ku xisaabtamaysaa labanlaab wixii cusbooneysiin ah oo lagu sameeyo kernel Linux maadaama ay inta badan ka kooban tahay cusboonaysiinta heerka nidaamka muhiimka ah.

Ku rakibida Software gudaha Linux Mint

Ku rakibida barnaamijyo cusub - ama tirtiriddooda - waxaa lagu sameeyaa Maareeyaha Software^{(Software Manager)} . Waa ururin aad u weyn oo ah abka iyo barnaamijyada loogu talagalay in lagu shaqeeyo Linux Mint . Waxa kaliya ee^(All) aad u baahan tahay inaad sameyso waa hal mar si aad u rakibto. Waa ururin aad u wanaagsan, waxaanan kugula talineynaa inaad ka dhex dhex raadiso xoogaa si aad u aragto waxa la heli karo. 

Tusaale ahaan, daalacashada waaweyn badankood waa la heli karaa, sidoo kale waxaa jira tiro dhan oo ah ilo furan oo beddelka barnaamijyada caanka ah, sida GIMP ee Adobe Photoshop . Waxaa jira xitaa qaar ka mid ah ciyaaraha wanaagsan ee lagu khalkhal gelinayo. Wax kasta oo halkan ku yaal waa bilaash, markaa ma jiraan wax dhib ah oo isku dayaya waxyaabaha.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa jira barnaamijyo badan oo aan lahayn gelitaanka xogtan. Xaaladdaas, waxaa jira dhowr siyaabood oo kala duwan oo aad gacmahaaga ku heli karto. Midda ugu fudud, oo aan halkan ku soo gudbin doono, waa in aad si fudud u gasho website-ka barnaamijka aad rabto oo aad ka soo dejiso. Xeeladda kaliya ee halkan ku taal waa inaad hubiso inaad soo dejisanayso xirmada Debian (oo leh faylka .deb kordhinta) maadaama ay si fiican ula ciyaarto Mint . 

Marka la soo dejiyo, kaliya u tag galka Soo -dejinta - kaas oo aad ka geli karto sumadda ^{(Downloads )}kumbuyuutarka^(Computer) ee miiskaaga - oo guji faylka halkaas. Sanduuqa wada hadalka ayaa furmi doona; dhagsii Xidhmada Ku rakib^{(Install Package)} oo rakibuhu waa inuu ka qaadaa halkaas. Inkasta oo haddii ay u baahan tahay faylal dheeraad ah si ay u rakibto barnaamijka - loo yaqaan "ku-tiirsanaanta" - waa inaad saxtaa taas.

Habka kale ee lagu rakibo faylasha waa halka arrimuhu ku xumaadaan, taas oo aan ka hadli doono xiga.

Terminalka Linux

Linux waxay caan ku tahay inay adagtahay in la isticmaalo, sidoo kale, way u qalantaa, ama ugu yaraan inta badan distros aan ahayn Mint iyo Ubuntu . Tani waa mahad iyaga oo ku tiirsan terminalka, kaas oo ah sida kombuyuutarrada intooda badan loo shaqeynayey ilaa bartamihii 90-meeyadii.

Markaad barato sida loo isticmaalo terminaalka, aad uma xuma, in kastoo. Waxay qaadataa xoogaa la qabsiga. Si kastaba ha noqotee, Mint waa hab fiican oo lagu bilaabo Linux sababtoo ah waxaa jirta fursad wanaagsan oo aadan waligaa u baahnayn inaad isticmaasho terminalka, marka laga reebo cilad-bixinta qaar.

Mahadsanid, waxaa jirta hab wanaagsan oo lagu soo wareego terminalka. Isticmaalayaasha Linux waa wax badan oo waxtar leh iyo dhibaatooyinka ugu badan ee ku haysta waxay ahayd in hore loo xalliyo, waxa kaliya ee aad u baahan tahay inaad sameyso waa Google arrinta. 

Markaad xal hesho, waxa kaliya oo aad u baahan tahay inaad sameyso waa koobiyeeyaan koodka lagama maarmaanka ah bogga shabakadda Ctrl + C , ka dibna ku dheji terminalka Ctrl + Shift + V . Barnaamijku ha socdo, taasina waa inay dhammaato arrimahaaga.

Tilmaamaha Bilawga ee Mint

Waxaan rajeyneynaa, hagahan inuu ku fiicnaado jidkaaga si aad u isticmaasho Linux Mint , isticmaal-saaxiibtinimo iyo beddelka bilaashka ah ee Microsoft . Inkasta oo aanay ahayn mid qumman, waxaad si dhakhso ah u kori doontaa inaad jeceshahay wax-ku-beddelkeeda, xawligeeda iyo awooddeeda.

Linux Mint: A Beginners Guide and Pro Tips

Linux Mint is generally regarded as the eaѕiest wаy to get away from Windows and Mac and entеr the wonderful world of open-ѕоurce operating syѕtems. With а simple installation process, great interface and a lot of ease-of-life feаtures, there’s nothing stopping you from trying out this great version of Linux, especially if yоu want to avoid Windows 11. We’ll show you the ropes in this guide to Linux Mint.

Note that this is a guide to installing Mint from scratch. If you’re already a Mint user, we have a guide to reinstalling Mint without losing any of your preferences.

How to Install Linux Mint

To get started with Linux Mint, you first need to download the installation file and transfer it onto a USB drive or other form of removable storage. 

Downloading Mint

1. Visit linuxmint.com and click on the download button you see toward the upper half of the screen. The file is about 2GB, though Mint will need around 12GB to install.

1. The next screen has you pick from three editions of Mint. This may seem confusing, but it’s pretty much the choice between which type of interface you get. If you’re coming from Windows, pick Cinnamon (the top one). If you’re coming from Ubuntu, MATE is probably the right pick. The last pick, Xfce, is probably left to Linux veterans as it relies heavily on use of the terminal.

1. The next screen gives you a summary of what you’re about to download, but no download button. To download, scroll down a bit to the list of mirrors and pick the location nearest to you, or a country close to you. Once you’ve picked a location, wait for the file to download.

A Quick Note About Linux Mint Versions

If you go the above route, you’ll always get the latest version of Linux Mint. In our case, in early October 2021, it’s version 20.2, called Uma — each version of Linux gets a female name. It’s a handy way to remember them.

In some cases, though, it could be that the new version is a bit too new and has some teething issues, or maybe doesn’t work too well with your hardware. If that happens, you may want to download an earlier version. To do so, click on the download tab at the top right of the screen and select all versions.

That will take you to a new screen with all the available versions of Linux Mint. If you’re having any issues with Mint, just go back one or two versions and that should fix any issues you may have.

Installing Linux Mint

1. To install Mint, you first need to get the .iso file you downloaded and put that on a removable storage device, like a thumbdrive. For Windows, we have a handy how-to on creating bootable USB drives. If you’re already on Linux, you can use a Linux program called USB Image Writer for this task.

1. Once that’s sorted, you need to change your device’s boot order in the BIOS (we have a guide for that). Once that’s done, insert the USB, then restart your computer. If you set the USB stick as the first boot option, Mint will automatically boot up. If you just want to install Mint, pick the top option

1. Next, you’ll be brought to Mint’s desktop. It’s important to understand that this does not mean Mint has been installed, it’s just been live-booted from the thumbdrive. It’s like a trial to get to know Mint a bit before deciding to install. If you’ve decided to proceed, just click on the disk icon named install Linux Mint.

1. If you’ve ever installed Windows or even Mac, the next few screens should at least feel familiar: you pick your language and keyboard layout. 

1. Once those two are done, the third screen will have you choose whether or not to install multimedia codecs. We recommend checking the box, as all this does is save you some busywork later — you’re going to need those codecs in most cases anyway. Only leave it unchecked if you’re very particular about codecs.

1. The next step is a little more complicated: you can either choose to completely wipe your current install (it shows up as blank in the below image because we’re using a virtual machine) or create your own partitions and the like. We’re going with the top option here, check out our guide on how to dual-boot Windows and Linux Mint for more information on the second option.

6a. If you want some added performance, we recommend you click advanced features and select the use of Linux’s logical volume management (LVM). It makes it easier to mess around with partitions later on if you so choose. As an extra option, you can also add a password to your hard drive if you like the extra security — it’s a smart thing to do, especially on laptops.

1. With all that done, just select Install Now.

1. Next you need to select your timezone.

1. The final step before installation starts is picking a username and password. The password can’t be retrieved after you set it, so make sure you can remember it or write it down somewhere nobody else can find it. Alternatively, you can set Linux to log in automatically, though we don’t recommend that for laptops. If you select Encrypt My Home Folder, you’ll be prompted to enter your password every time you access the file system, which adds some security, but also hassle.

1. With that, you’re done: just select continue and Linux Mint will install on your computer. It all pretty much runs itself from here, so just sit back and enjoy the slideshow for a bit (about 10-15 minutes depending on your system). Whatever you do, do NOT hit the Skip button.

1. When Linux has worked its magic, you’ll be brought back to your desktop and given the choice of either continuing with the testing session, or restarting into Linux Mint proper. Pick Restart Now and let the computer reboot. You’re all done with the installation, it’s time to see what your new operating system can do.

Familiarizing Yourself With Linux Mint

Once Linux has restarted, you’ll see the desktop — this time without the option to install — and the welcome to Mint program will be running. 

We definitely recommend that you walk yourself through the first steps as outlined in this program and also rifle through the documentation and other resources provided. This is because Linux Mint requires you to authorize certain steps to make it run smoothly, unlike Windows which often runs many steps automatically without your permission.

You can either open these apps through the welcome screen, or via the menu, which works just like the Windows Start button of yesteryear. Just click the Linux system button in the bottom left of the screen by default, or the Windows key on your keyboard, if you have one.

Most of the programs you’ll need are under the Administration tab, but you can also find them by entering their name in the search bar at the top of the menu. We’ll go over the most important ones here.

Note that when messing around with these advanced systems, you will be prompted to enter your password time and again. This is how Linux makes sure nobody tampers with the system unless they know what they’re doing.

Mint Update Manager

One of the oddest experiences if you’re coming from Windows is the Update Manager, which gives you a list of apps, programs and OS parts that have updates available, and lets you decide whether or not you want to update them. With Linux, gone are the days of system upgrades being shoved down your throat.

That said, unless you know what you’re doing, we recommend you just leave everything checked and select Install Updates. This counts double for any updates to the Linux kernel as it often contains important system-level upgrades.

Installing Software in Linux Mint

Installing new programs — or deleting them — is done via the Software Manager. It’s a huge collection of apps and programs designed to run on Linux Mint. All you need to do is click once to install them. It’s a pretty good collection, and we recommend you browse through it a bit to see what’s available. 

For example, most major browsers are available, as are a whole bunch of open-source alternatives to well-known programs, like GIMP for Adobe Photoshop. There are even some cool games to mess around with. Everything here is free, so there’s no harm in trying things out.

However, there are plenty of programs that don’t have an entry in this database. In that case, there are a few different ways to get your hands on them. The easiest, and the one we’ll go over here, is to simply go to the website of the program you want and download it from there. The only trick here is to make sure that you’re downloading the Debian package (with the .deb file extension) as that plays nice with Mint. 

Once it’s downloaded, just go to your Downloads folder — which you can access through the Computer icon on your desktop — and click on the file there. A dialog box will open; click Install Package and the installer should take it from there. Although if it needs any extra files to install the program — called “dependencies” — you’ll have to okay that.

The other way to install files is where things get tricky, which we’ll talk about next.

The Linux Terminal

Linux has a reputation for being hard to use and, well, it kinda deserves it, or at least most distros other than Mint and Ubuntu do. This is thanks to them relying on the terminal, which is how most computers were operated until about the mid-90s.

Once you learn how to operate the terminal, it’s not too bad, though. It just takes some getting used to. However, Mint is a great way to get started with Linux because there’s a good chance you’ll never need to use the terminal, except for some troubleshooting.

Thankfully, there’s a good way to get around the terminal. Your fellow Linux users are a helpful lot and most problems you’re having should have been solved before, all you need to do is Google the issue. 

Once you’ve found a solution, all you need to do is copy the necessary code from the web page with Ctrl + C, then paste it into the terminal with Ctrl + Shift + V. Let the program run, and that should be the end of your issues.

A Beginner’s Guide to Mint

Hopefully, this guide will get you well on your way to using Linux Mint, a user-friendly and free alternative to Microsoft. Though it’s not perfect, you’ll quickly grow to love its versatility, speed and power.

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