Adduunka intiisa badan, biyaha dhulka hoostiisa si toos ah looma cabbi karo. Waa^(Long) hore dadku waxay si fudud uga soo dhaansan jireen ceelasha oo ay cabi jireen. Laakiin hadda, waa inaad isticmaashaa nooc ka mid ah shaandhada si aad u nadiifiso biyaha oo aad uga dhigto mid la cabbi karo. Waa maxay sababtu? Waa mid ka mid ah dhibaatooyinka iyo khatarta badan ee qashinka E-e-waste^(E-waste) . Qalabka elektaroonigga ah, unugyada dhintay, baytariyada aad ku tuurto qashinka kale waxaa ku jira sunta rasaasta oo si fudud ugu qasaysa biyaha dhulka hoostiisa mara, taasoo ka dhigaysa mid aan ku habboonayn isticmaalka tooska ah. Taasi waa cirifka barafka - dhibaatooyinka qashinka elektarooniga ah!

Waa maxay E-Qashin

Eraygani waxa uu qabsaday wakhtiyadii la soo dhaafay oo kaliya markii qof maadada daraaseeya uu xusay in deegaankeenu uu noqon doono 3x badan oo qashinka e-e-waste ah marka la gaadho 2017. Ma kaydin tweet-kaas haddii kale waxaan ku siin lahaa xoogaa tixraac ah. Xataa haddii aan la saddex jibaarin, qashinka elektaroonigga ah aad buu u kordhayaa… xaddi badan. Sababta ay qashinka elektaroonigga ah u kordhayaan ayaa ah in tignoolajiyada ay si degdeg ah u koreyso iyo isku dayga lagu helo aaladaha wanaagsan, waxaan si caadi ah uga takhalusnaa qalabka elektaroonigga ah ee duugga ah - tusaalooyinka ugu fiican waa kan casriga ah.

Waxaa laga yaabaa in la weydiiyo xiriirka ka dhexeeya qalabkii hore ee elektiroonigga ah iyo qashinka elektaroonigga ah. Waxaan dhihi lahaa, e-waste-ku runtii waa alaabtii hore ee elegtarooniga ah ee ay dadku si fudud ugu dhiibaan gawaarida qashinka ee lagu daadiyo meelaha qashinka ama meelaha la midka ah. Qalabka Elektarooniga ah waxa uu leeyahay dhowr walxood oo waxyeello u geysta hawada iyo biyaha si ay u abuuraan dhibaatooyinka qashinka elektaroonigga ah sida biyaha, hawada, iyo wasakhowga ciidda iyo sidoo kale dhibaatooyin saameeya bini'aadamka oo ah noocyada cudurrada.

Tusaalaha kore, waxaanu tusaale ahaan u isticmaalnay unugyo iyo baytariyadii hore. Inta badan baytariyada ka jaban waxay ku salaysan yihiin sunta rasaasta waxayna si fudud ula falgalaan biyaha (roobka ama qoyaanka) si ay u milmaan oo ay ugu daraan biyaha dhulka hoostiisa mara oo ay weheliyaan wasakhaynta ciidda iyo hawada halkaasoo ay ku tuureen waaxda qashinka.

Sidaa darteed, wax kasta oo ku dhaca qaybta elektiroonigga ah, oo aad damacsan tahay inaad iska tuurto, waa qashinka elektiroonigga ah. Tan waxaa ku jira kombiyuutarada, laptops, tablets, smartphones, iyo wixii la mid ah. Waxaa jira habab habboon oo lagu tuuro alaabta elektiroonigga ah. Waa in si kale loo wajaho, laakiin nasiib daro, xataa wadamada horumaray ma laha siyaasad adag oo lagu daryeelayo qashinka sunta ah ee waxyeelada leh.

Saamaynta E-Qashinku Ku Yeelan Doono Aadanaha^(Humans) iyo Deegaanka^{(Environment)}

Aynu eegno qaar ka mid ah walxaha ugu caansan ee laga helo kumbuyuutarrada, kormeerayaasha iyo TV-yada^(TVs) , iwm, iyo sida ay u saameeyaan nolosha aadanaha.

Alxanka ku jira Motherboard-ka kombayutarada iyo TV-ga waxaa ku jira maadooyin sare oo rasaas ah^{(high levels of lead)} . Xataa muraayadaha muraayadaha kombuyuutarrada iyo dabcan, baytariyada rasaastu waxay wasakheeyaan hawada, biyaha, iyo ciidda. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxay qalloociyaan habka horumarinta maskaxda, iyagoo khatar u ah habka dhexe ee neerfaha iyo kelyaha. Tani (ku-sumowga rasaasta) ayaa ka mid ah khataraha ugu khatarta badan ee qashinka elektaroonigga ah.

Marka laga reebo rasaasta, Motherboard-yada sidoo kale waxay leeyihiin heerar sare oo Mercury ah^{(high levels of Mercury)} . Tuur aan habboonayn^(Improper) ayaa laga yaabaa inay abuurto xanuun maqaarka iyo neefsashada ah. Sumowga meerkurigu^(Mercury) wuxuu kaloo sababaa dhaawac maskaxeed oo ba'an.

Fiilooyinka iyo muraayadaha PVC -ga iyo sidoo kale muraayadaha, marka ay ka falceliyaan qoyaanka iyo ogsijiinta, waxay abuuraan carro halis ah oo laga yaabo inaysan ku habboonayn xitaa in la dhiso guri iyada oo dadka neefsanaya in hawadu ay dhibaato ka soo gaarto taranka iyo korriinka saxda ah ee xubnaha jirka oo ay ku jirto maskaxda. . Waxa kale oo ay xumaysaa habka difaaca jirka^{(spoils the immune system)} . Cadaadiska, welwelka, iyo dhibaatooyinka kale ee maskaxeed waxay ka soo bixi karaan neefsashada hawada wasakhaysan dhalooyinka, PVC , iyo noocyada kale ee balaastigga ah ayaa weli ku jira alaabta elektiroonigga ah.

Wareegyada Motherboard-ku waxay sababi karaan kansarka sanbabada^{(lung cancer)} marka aad neefsato hawo wasakhaysan qiiqa soo daaya marka walxaha Motherboard-ku ay falcelinayaan oo ay abuuraan Beryllium . Waxay kaloo mas'uul ka tahay cudurrada maqaarka, oo ay ku jiraan burooyinka iyo noocyada qaarkood ee xasaasiyadda khatarta ah.

Daawaynta E-Qashinka

Ilaa hadda, ma jiraan habab sax ah oo la hirgeliyay xitaa adduunka ugu horreeya si loo baabi'iyo dhibaatada e-qashinka. Labada hab ee aan xiiso u helay daaweynta saxda ah ee qashinka elektaroonigga ah waa dib u warshadaynta^(recycling) iyo dib u habeynta^{(refurbishing)} .

Dib-u-warshadaynta, waxaa laga yaabaa inay jiraan badeecooyin aan si buuxda dib loo warshadayn karin. Lakabyada PVC^(PVC) , tusaale ahaan, sidaas ayay ahaanayaan ilaa da'da oo dib loo warshadayn karin. Way fiicnaan lahayd haddii ay wax-soo-saarayaashu adeegsadaan walxo dib loo warshadayn karo si qashinka elektaroonigga ah loogu beddelo shay mar kale la isticmaali karo iyada oo aan waxyeello loo geysan meeraha iyo dadka deggan. Haddaba, mid ka mid ah qodobbada ugu waaweyn ee lagu daweynayo qashinka elektaroonigga ah waa in lagu qasbo soosaarayaasha inay isticmaalaan walxaha cagaarka ah.

Haddii qalabka elektaroonigga ah dib loo hagaajiyo, waxaa mar kale lagu iibin karaa qiimo jaban. Haddaba, bulshada iyo deegaankuba way ka faa’iidaysan doonaan. Halkii aad si fudud ugu shubi lahayd TV-gii hore ee qashinka, waxa laga yaabaa inaad ka fikirto inaad wacdo iibiyaha oo aad waydiiso meesha uu ku soo bandhigayo shayga dib u habaynta. Haddii aad heli waydo, ka fiirso in aad ugu deeqdo shayga qaar ka mid ah hay'adaha samafalka kuwaas oo u isticmaali kara sidaas oo kale ama dib u hagaajin kara oo isticmaali kara. Uma maleynayo inay tahay dhaqan si wanaagsan loo hirgeliyay, laakiin way fiicnaan lahayd haddii dhammaan waratada ay bixiyaan xarun dib u habeyn ah.

Barnaamijka Dib-u-habaynta Microsoft^{(Microsoft Refurbisher)} waa hal hindise oo ka yimid Microsoft , halkaas oo dib-u-hagaajintu ay ku soo iibiso kombiyuutaro hore loo lahaan jiray, dib u habayntooda, oo ay ku sii rakibto software-ka saxda ah ee Microsoft .

Gunta hoose marka laga hadlayo sida saxda ah ee qashinka elektaroonigga ah waa in loo beddelo shay aan waxyeello lahayn ka hor inta aan si buuxda loo tuurin. Waa in siyaasad sax ah laga yeesho mawduucan waana in la hirgeliyaa iyada oo aan wax isdabamarin ah oo dani ugu jirto meeraha oo dhan.

la xiriira^(Related) : Sida iyo sababta aad dib u warshadaynayso Smartphones^{(How and why you should recycle Smartphones)} .

E-Waste management, recycling, disposal, facts, problems, solutions

In most parts of the world, underground water is not drinkable directly. Long ago, people simрly used to draw up water from wells and drink іt. But now, you hаve to uѕe some sort of filter to purify the water and make it drinkable. Why? It is just one of the many problems and hazards of E-waste. The electronic devices, dead cells, and batteries you throw away with other garbage contain lead that easily mixes with underground water, making it unfit for direct consumption. That is just the tip of the iceberg – the problems of e-waste disposal!

What is E-Waste

This word has caught up in the recent past only when someone studying the subject noted that our environment will be 3x more congested with e-waste by 2017. I did not save that tweet else I could have given you some reference. Even if it is not to be tripled, e-waste is growing in volumes… huge volumes. The reason why e-waste is increasing is that technology is growing fast and in an attempt to get better devices, we casually get rid of old electronics – the best examples being that of smartphones.

One may ask about the relationship between old electronics and e-waste. I would say, e-waste is actually the old electronic goods that people simply give away to garbage trucks that are then dumped into landfills or similar sites. Electronics have a number of harmful elements that react with air and water to create problems of e-waste such as water, air, and soil pollution as well as problems that affect human beings in the form of diseases.

In the above example, we used old cells and batteries as an example. Most of the cheaper batteries are lead-based and easily react with water (rain or moisture) to seep and mix with underground water along with polluting the soil and air where it was disposed of by the garbage department.

Thus, everything that falls into the electronics category, that you intend to throw away, is e-waste (electronic waste).  This includes computers, laptops, tablets, smartphones, and so on. There are proper methods to dispose off electronic items. They should be handled differently, but unfortunately, even the developed countries do not have strong policies to take care of such harmful, toxic garbage.

Effect Of E-Waste on Humans and Environment

Let’s check out some of the most common elements found in computers, monitors and TVs, etc., and how they affect human life.

The solder present on the motherboard of computers and TV contains high levels of lead. Even the glass panels of computer monitors and of course, the lead batteries contaminate air, water, and soil. In addition, they distort the process of brain development, while posing danger to the central nervous system and kidneys. This (lead poisoning) is among the most dangerous hazards of e-waste.

Other than lead, motherboards also have high levels of Mercury. Improper disposal may create skin and respiratory disorders. Mercury poisoning also causes acute brain damage.

The cables and PVC panels as well as glass, when reacting with moisture and oxygen, create hazardous soil that may not be suitable for even building a home as the people breathing that air will suffer from reproduction and proper development of body parts, including the brain. It also spoils the immune system. Stress, anxiety, and other mental problems can arise out of breathing air polluted with glass, PVC, and other forms of plastic remain found in electronic items.

The motherboard circuits can cause lung cancer when you breathe air polluted by the fumes released when the motherboard elements react and create Beryllium. It is also responsible for skin diseases, including warts and certain forms of dangerous allergies.

Treating E-Waste

As of now, there are no proper methods being implemented even in the first world to eliminate the problem of e-waste. The two methods I found interesting for the proper treatment of e-waste are recycling and refurbishing.

For recycling, there may be products that cannot be recycled completely. PVC layers, for example, stay as such for ages and cannot be recycled. It would be better if the manufacturers use recyclable material so that the e-waste is converted into something that can be used again without harming the planet and its inhabitants. Thus, one of the major factors in treating e-waste is to compel manufacturers to use green elements.

If electronics are refurbished, they can be sold again at a lower price. Thus, both society and the environment will benefit. Instead of simply dumping your old TV into the garbage bin, you might want to think about calling the vendor and asking him where to present the item for refurbishing. If you cannot find it, consider donating the item to some charity that can either use it as such or get it repaired and use it. I do not think it is a practice well implemented, but it would be nice if all vendors provide a refurbishing facility.

The Microsoft Refurbisher program is one initiative from Microsoft, where the refurbisher procures pre-owned computers, refurbishes them, and preinstalls genuine Microsoft software.

The bottom line when talking about the proper disposal of e-waste is to convert them into less harmful items before disposing them off completely. There should be a sound policy on this subject and should be implemented without any irregularities for the benefit of the entire planet.

Related: How and why you should recycle Smartphones.

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