Hackers . Warku wuxuu jecel yahay inuu ka warbixiyo iyaga, dadweynuhuna waxay jecel yihiin oo kaliya inay si buuxda u fahmaan waxa ay dhab ahaantii sameeyaan. Erayga “hacker” waxa lala xidhiidhiyay dambiilayaal kombuyuutar oo xaasidnimo ah, iyada oo ay ugu wacan tahay sida loogu isticmaalo warbaahinta iyo filimada.

Asal ahaan nooca xaasidnimada leh ee saaxir kombuyuutarka waxaa loo yaqaanay "cracker", laakiin waxay u muuqataa in bulshada hackers ay ka quusteen inay isku dayaan inay sameeyaan ul "cracker". Taa beddelkeeda kuwa jabsada niyadda akhlaaqda kala duwan ayaa lagu kala soocaa saddex "koofiyadaha" oo kala duwan. Sidoo kale, sida ay soo baxday, sida saaxiriinta.

Markaa haddii aad u maleyneyso in dhammaan tuugada ay yihiin "nin xun", markaa tani waa waqtigii ugu fiicnaa ee lagu furi lahaa aasaaska akhlaaqda hackers. Awood weyn ayaa ku timaada mas'uuliyad weyn, iyo sida uu u doorto hackers si uu u isticmaalo aqoontiisa ayaa go'aamisa koofiyada ay xiran doonaan.

Hackers kasta oo la siiyay wuxuu xiran karaa in ka badan hal koofiyad dabcan. Koofiyadu waxay la xidhiidhaa nooca jabsiga ee dhacaya, maaha cidda samaynaysa jabsiga, daruuri. 

Dhamaadka maqaalkan, waxaad fahmi doontaa nooca jabsiga ee ku habboon koofiyada iyo, rajo ahaan, waxaad ogaan doontaa sida ay jabsadayaashu ugu habboon yihiin nidaamka deegaanka dijitalka ah ee weyn. Haddaba, xaji koofiyaddaada ( mid kastaba ha ahaatee) marka aynu dhex galno mawduucyada akhlaaqda ee dhaqanka hackers-ka.

Hackers-ka Koofiyadaha Cad^{(White Hat Hackers)} waa saaxirayaasha Wanaagsan^{(Lawful Good Wizards)} ee Shabakadda ee Sharciga ah

Koofiyadaha cadaanka^(White) ah waxaa sidoo kale loo yaqaan "hackers anshaxa". Haddii aad rabto xirfad sharci ah sida hacker, markaa tani waa koofiyada kaliya ee ay tahay inaad xidhato. Hackers-ka akhlaaqda ah had iyo jeer waxay aadayaan xanuun weyn si ay u hubiyaan in wax kasta oo ay sameeyaan ay ku dhacaan ogolaanshaha qof kasta oo ku lug leh. Waxay u dhaqmaan sidii lataliye amni waxayna u doodaan adduun dijital ah oo badbaado leh.

Mid ka mid ah adeegyada ugu qiimaha badan ee ay bixiyaan koofiyadaha cadcad ayaa loo yaqaan tijaabada gelitaanka ama "pentest". Asal ahaan jabsiga^(Basically) akhlaaqda ayaa isku dayi doona intii karaankooda ah si ay u helaan godad amniga macmiilka. Haddii ay ku guulaystaan ​​inay ka adkaadaan ammaanka macmiilka, warbixin buuxda oo leh wax-ka-qabashada ayaa la socota.

Hackers-ka akhlaaqda leh weligood dhibaato ula kac ah uma geystaan ​​xogta, nidaamyada ama dadka. Waxaad dhab ahaantii qaadan kartaa koorsooyin ku saabsan jabsiga anshaxa iyo, haddii aad leedahay waayo-aragnimo sax ah iyo shahaadooyin, shahaado^{(certification)} sida hackers anshaxa.

Koofiyadaha cad^(White) -cad waxa sida caadiga ah u kaxeeya xiisaha loo qabo sirta iyo amniga. Waxay noqonayaan kuwo aad muhiim u ah ganacsiga, adeegyada iyo hay'adaha dawliga ah waxaan dhamaanteen u baahanahay in loo wareego qaababka ganacsiga dhijitaalka ah oo dhan.

Hackers-ka Grey Hat Roll Run dhexdhexaad ah

Hackers^(Grey) -ka koofiyadda cawlan maaha kuwo xaasidnimo leh, laakiin sidoo kale ma raacaan xeerka anshaxa adag. Koofiyada cawl ayaa laga yaabaa in ay waqtigooda ka maqan yihiin iyagoo ku ganacsanaya meelo aanay fasax u haysan inay joogaan. Ma xadaan macluumaadka ama ma waxyeeleeyaan si ulakac ah, laakiin sidoo kale dhab ahaantii dan kama ah ogolaanshaha.

Haddii koofiyadda cawl ay ogaato baylahda amniga, waxay u badan tahay inay si gaar ah ugu wargeliyaan milkiilayaasha nidaamka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, koofiyadaha cawl ayaa lagu yaqaanay inay daabacaan faa'iidooyin haddii aan la hagaajin, si ay ugu qasbaan milkiilayaasha nidaamka ficil. 

Hackers^(Grey) -ka koofiyadda cawliga ah waxaa inta badan keena xiisaha fudud iyo rabitaanka sahaminta shabakada. Uma jeedaan in ay sharciga jabiyaan ama ay waxyeello u geystaan ​​ulakac.

Waa uun in, marmar, sharciyo xunxun iyo mabaadi'da anshaxeed ay hor istaagaan shay ay rabaan inay sameeyaan. In kasta oo faa'iidada aan sharciga ahayni ay sharci darro tahay, shirkadaha qaar ayaa laga yaabaa inay u dulqaataan koofiyadaha cawl kuwaas oo u keena faa'iidooyin muhiim ah iyada oo aan loo bandhigin isticmaaleyaasha xaasidnimada leh.

Shirkadaha teknoolajiyada ee waaweyn ayaa inta badan bixin doona barnaamijyo "bounty bug" ah halkaasoo dadku ay keeni karaan nuglaanshaha aan la dalban ee ay ogaadaan. Ilaa iyo inta siidaynta loo sameeyay si waafaqsan xeerarkooda abaal-marinta bug, qof kastaa wuu ka qayb qaadan karaa.

Hackers-ka Koofiyada Madow – Sixiroolayaasha sharka leh ee fowdada ah^{(Black Hat Hackers – Chaotic Evil Sorcerers)}

Koofiyadaha madow^(Black) ee jabsada ayaa ah boogeymen ee internetka. Dadkani waxay u isticmaalaan xirfadahooda iyo aqoontooda faa'iido, "lulz" ama labadaba. "Lulz" waa musuqmaasuqa ereyga internetka ee "LOL" ama si qaylo ah u qosli^{(laugh out loud)} . Macnaha guud ahaan waxa loola jeedaa in aad wax samayso sababtoo ah waxaad u malaynaysaa inaad awooddo ama sababtoo ah waxay noqon lahayd mid qosol leh.

Marka ay timaaddo samaynta buck, koofiyadaha madow waxay leeyihiin doorashooyin badan. Dhammaantood waa sharci-darro iyo anshax xumo! Waxay jebiyaan nidaamyada si ay u xadaan macluumaadka ama si fudud wax walba u daadiyaan, taasoo keenaysa khasaare weyn.

Iibinta macluumaadka kaadhka deynta ee la xaday waa dhammaan shaqada maalinlaha ah ee koofiyadda madow. Xatooyada aqoonsiga^(Identity) ? Kaliya^(Just) maalin kale oo ka mid ah dadka adduunka hoose ee internetka. Labada nooc ee kale ee hackers-ku waa, sida aad filan karto, inta badan waxay ka soo horjeedaan tuugada xaasidnimada ah.

Hackers-ka Gobolka

Hackers-ka dawladu waa wax ku cusub hacker pantheon-ka Runtii si habsami leh uguma xidhna mid ka mid ah koofiyadaha dhaqameed waana nooc cusub oo askarta dagaalka internetka ah. Waxa ay samaynayaan waa (macnaha inay noqdaan) sharci, marka loo eego shuruucda basaaska ee dalkooda, laakiin ujeedadoodu waxay sidoo kale noqon kartaa xaasidnimo.

Hackers-ka dawladu si habsami leh uguma galaan koofiyadda hackers-ka, sababtoo ah ilaa maanta tuugadu waxay inta badan ahaayeen kooxo rayid ah iyo shakhsiyaad. Weli, jabsadayaasha dawladu waxay halkan u joogaan inay sii joogaan, markaa waxaan u baahanahay inaan u helno meel bannaan oo ku saabsan fikirkayaga ku saabsan aduunka hackers. Waxaa laga yaabaa inaan ugu yeerno "koofiyadaha camo". Maya, taasi waligeed ma qabsan doonto, ma ahaan lahayd?

Waxaan u baahanahay hackers!

Dabeecad ahaan, haakarisku waxay ku nool yihiin cidhifyada adduunka dhijitaalka ah. Dhab ahaantii aad ayey uga duwan yihiin celceliska isticmaalaha iyo xitaa isticmaalayaasha awoodda iyo kuwa tiknoolijiyada ma guuraan inta badan wareegyada isku midka ah.

Maskaxda hacker-ka, iyadoon loo eegin koofiyada ay xidhaan, waa inay xagal sax ah u noqdaan qofka caadiga ah. Waxay dib uga noqon karaan eexda iyo fikradaha horudhaca ah ee inteena badankeen aynu haysano oo ay ku gaadhaan xalal iyo faa'iidooyin la yaab leh.

Iyadoo daawashada koofiyadaha koofiyada madow laga yaabo inay dadka qaar ka dhigaan habeenkii, shaki kuma jiro in tiknoolajiyada iyo siyaasadaha la xidhiidha tignoolajiyada hore loo socdo, waxaan u baahanahay dadka leh "hackers" maskaxda.

Waxaa muhiim ah in la xasuusto in jabsiga inta badan ay tahay qayb ka mid ah habka hal-abuurka. Qof ayaa la yimaadda fikrad oo tijaabiya fikraddaas halkii uu ka diidi lahaa inuu yahay mid aan suurtagal ahayn. Markaa haddii aad si toos ah ereyga "hacker" ula xiriirto dembi, waxaa laga yaabaa inay tahay waqtigii aad dib u fiirin lahayd nacaybkaas.

Black, White & Gray Hat Hacking Defined

Hackers. The news loves to report on them and the public just loves to completely misunderstand what they actually do. The word “hacker” has become associated with malicious computer criminals, largely thanks to how it’s used in the media and film.

Originally the malicious type of computer wizard was known as a “cracker”, but it seems like the hacker community has given up on trying to make “cracker” stick. Instead hackers of different moral inclinations are sorted under three different “hats”. Also, as it turns out, like wizards.

So if you think that all hackers are “bad guys”, then this is the perfect time to unpack the basics of hacker morality. With great power comes great responsibility, and how a hacker chooses to wield their knowledge determines which hat they’ll wear.

Any given hacker can wear more than one hat of course. The hat is associated with the type of hacking that’s happening, not who does the hacking, necessarily. 

By the end of this article, you’ll understand which type of hacking fits under which hat and, hopefully, know how hackers fit into the larger digital ecosystem. So, hold on to your own hat (whichever it may be) as we delve into the moral headpieces of hacker culture.

White Hat Hackers are the Lawful Good Wizards of the Net

White hat hackers are also known as “ethical hackers”. If you want a legal career as a hacker, then this is the only hat you should wear. Ethical hackers always go to great pains to ensure that whatever they do happens with the consent of everyone involved. They act as security consultants and advocate for a safer digital world.

One of the most valuable services offered by white hats is known as a penetration test or “pentest”. Basically the ethical hacker will try their best to find holes in a client’s security. If they manage to defeat the security of a client, a full report with mitigations follow.

Ethical hackers never cause deliberate harm to data, systems or people. You can actually take courses on ethical hacking and, if you have the right experience and qualifications, get a certification as an ethical hacker.

White hats are usually driven by a passion for privacy and security. They are becoming ever more important as the business, services and government institutions we all need shift to entirely digital business models.

Grey Hat Hackers Roll True Neutral

Grey hat hackers aren’t malicious per se, but they don’t follow a strict ethical code either. A grey hat might while away their time poking around places where they have no permission to be. They don’t steal information or damage anything on purpose, but they also don’t really care about consent.

If a grey hat discovers a security vulnerability, they are likely to report it to the owners of the system privately. However, grey hats have been known to publish exploits if they aren’t fixed, as a way to force system owners into action. 

Grey hat hackers are often driven by simple curiosity and a desire to explore the net. They don’t mean to break the law or do harm on purpose.

It’s just that, sometimes, pesky laws and ethical principles stand in the way of a thing they want to do. Despite unethical pentests being illegal, some companies might tolerate grey hats who bring them critical exploits without exposing them to malicious users.

Large tech companies will often offer “bug bounty” programs where people may bring unsolicited vulnerabilities they discover. As long as the disclosure is done in accordance with their bug bounty rules, anyone can participate.

Black Hat Hackers – Chaotic Evil Sorcerers

Black hat hackers are the boogeymen of the internet. These people use their skills and knowledge for profit, the “lulz” or both. “Lulz” is a corruption of the internet term “LOL” or laugh out loud. In this context it basically means doing something just because you think you can or because it would be funny.

When it comes to making a buck, black hats have many options.All of them illegal and immoral! They break into systems to steal information or simply trash everything, causing huge damages.

Selling stolen credit card information is all in a day’s work for a black hat. Identity theft? Just another day in the internet underworld folks. The other two types of hackers are, as you might expect, usually in opposition to malicious hackers.

State Hackers

State hackers are a relatively new addition to the hacker pantheon. They don’t really fit neatly under any of the traditional hats and are a new breed of cyber warfare soldiers. What they do is (meant to be) legal, under the espionage laws of their own country, but their intent may also well be malicious.

State hackers don’t fit into the hacker hat spectrum neatly, because until today hackers have largely been civilian groups and individuals. Still, state hackers are here to stay, so we need to find a space for them in our thinking about the hacker world. Maybe we could call them “camo hats”. No, that’ll never catch on, would it?

We Need Hackers!

By their nature, hackers live at the fringes of the digital world. They are certainly very different from the average user and even power users and tech aficionados don’t move in much of the same circles.

The mind of a hacker, regardless of the hat they wear, has to be at right angles to the typical person. They can step back from the biases and preconceptions most of us have and thereby achieve some pretty amazing workarounds and exploits.

While the specter of black hat hackers might keep some people up at night, there’s no doubt that for technology and policies related to those technologies to move forward, we need people with that “hacker” mindset.

It’s important to remember that hacking is often a part of the innovation process. Someone comes up with an idea and tests that notion instead of dismissing it as impossible. So if you automatically associate the word “hacker” with criminality, it might be time to revisit those prejudices.

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