Waxaa jiri kara waqtiyo aad u baahan tahay inaad aragto liiska xirmooyinka dhawaan lagu rakibay Ubuntu ujeedooyinka cilad-raadinta ama laga yaabee kaliya inaad hesho barnaamij aad rakibtay oo aan ka muuqan liiska. Waxaa jira laba siyaabood oo lagu ogaan karo waxa dhawaan la rakibay. Waxaad ku arki kartaa baakadaha dhawaan la rakibay taariikhda adoo isticmaalaya Maareeyaha Xidhmada Synaptic^{(Synaptic Package Manager)} iyo isla markiiba amarka adoo isticmaalaya daaqad Terminal ah.^(Terminal)

Adeegso Maareeyaha Xidhmada Synaptik

Si aad u aragto xirmooyinka software-ka ee lagu rakibay dhawaan iyadoo la isticmaalayo Maamulaha Xidhmada Synaptic^{(Synaptic Package Manager)} , dooro Administration | Synaptic Package Manager ka socda liiska nidaamka^(System) .

Sanduuqa wada hadalka Maareeyaha Xidhmada Synaptic^{(Synaptic Package Manager)} , ka dooro Taariikhda^(History) liiska Faylka^(File) .

Sanduuqa wada hadalka Taariikhda^(History) ayaa soo bandhigaya. Dhammaan xirmooyinka la rakibay oo laga saaray iyadoo la adeegsanayo Maareeyaha Xidhmada Synaptic^{(Synaptic Package Manager)} waxay ku qoran yihiin bisha iyo taariikhda. Guji^(Click) falaarta bidix ee bisha ee shayga bidix si aad u muujiso taariikhaha bishaas gudahooda ee xirmooyinka software-ka la rakibay ama laga saaray. Guji^(Click) taariikhda si aad u aragto baakadaha la rakibay ama laga saaray taariikhdaas shayga saxda ah.

FIIRO GAAR AH:^(NOTE:) Kaliya xirmooyinka software ee lagu rakibay iyadoo la adeegsanayo Maareeyaha Xidhmada Synaptic^{(Synaptic Package Manager)} ayaa lagu soo bandhigay sanduuqa wada-hadalka Taariikhda^(History) . Haddii aad ku rakibtay software kale oo isticmaalaya habab kale, sida Ubuntu Software Center , halkan kuma taxan.

Si aad u xirto sanduuqa wada hadalka Taariikhda^(History) , dhagsii badhanka xidh^(Close) .

Si aad u xidho Maareeyaha Xidhmada Synaptika^{(Synaptic Package Manager)} , ka dooro Jooji^(Quit) liiska Faylka^(File) .

Isticmaal daaqadda Terminalka

Haddii aad doorbidayso inaad ka shaqeyso daaqadda Terminalka^(Terminal) , waxaad heli kartaa liiska xirmooyinka software-ka ee rakiban adoo isticmaalaya khadka taliska. Si taas loo sameeyo, dooro Accessories | Terminal ka yimid liiska Codsiyada^{(Applications)} .

Geli^(Enter) amarka soo socda isla markiiba oo tabo Gelida^(Enter) .

cat /var/log/dpkg.log | grep “\ install\ “

FIIRO GAAR AH:^(NOTE:) Waxaa jira meel bannaan ka dib mid kasta oo ka mid ah gadaashooda.

Amarkani wuxuu muujinayaa galitaanka faylka dpkg.log ee u dhigma ereyga " install ", oo ay ku jiraan boosaska ka hor iyo ka dib. Gelida " install " waxay tilmaamaysaa baakado si buuxda loo rakibay.

Dhammaan gelitaanka " install " ee ku jira faylka dpkg.log waxaa lagu soo bandhigay daaqadda Terminalka^(Terminal) , gelitaanadii ugu dambeeyay ee liiska ugu dambeeyay.

Haddii taariikhaha ku jira faylka dpkg.log aysan dib ugu noqonin inta aad u baahan tahay, waxaa jiri kara faylal kale oo dpkg log ah. Faylka dpkg.log waa la beddelaa oo kaydiyaa toddobaad kasta. Waxaad ka heli kartaa galka dpkg^(dpkg) ee la heli karo adiga oo taxaya waxa ku jira buugga /var/log .

Si tan loo sameeyo, geli amarka soo socda isla markiiba oo taabo Gelida^(Enter) .

$ ls –l /var/log

FIIRO GAAR AH:^(NOTE:) Ka dib " ls " waa hal dash iyo far yar" L " oo ay ku xigto meel kale.

Ogaysii^(Notice) inaad heshay liiska dhammaan diiwaannada ku jira /var/log directory, ma aha oo keliya diiwaannada dpkg^(dpkg) . Si aad u muujiso kaliya log log ee dpkg , geli amarka soo socda isla markaaba taabo Gelida^(Enter) .

$ ls –l /var/log/dpkg*

FIIRO GAAR AH:^(NOTE:) Mar labaad, ka bacdi " ls " waa hal xaraf iyo far yar" L " oo ay ku xigto meel kale.

Kaliya hal faylal dpkg.log^(dpkg.log) ah ayaa muujinaya nidaamkayaga, sababtoo ah waa nidaam cusub oo aanu dhawaan rakibnay. Si aad u furto faylka dpkg.log si aad u daawato, geli amarka soo socda isla markaaba taabo Gelida^(Enter) .

$ gedit /var/log/dpkg.log

Faylka dpkg.log wuxuu ku furmay gedit . Dhammaan xirmooyinka waa la taxay, ma aha oo kaliya kuwa leh heerka " install " Tani waxay adkeyneysaa in la helo baakadaha si buuxda loo rakibay.

TALO:^(TIP:) Isticmaalka cat /var/log/dpkg.log | grep “\ install\ “ amarku wuxuu u badan yahay habka ugu fiican ee loo arko liiska xirmooyinka la rakibay, sababtoo ah " ku rakib^(install) " oo kaliya ayaa la soo bandhigayaa faylka log. Haddii aad u baahan tahay inaad aragto baakadaha rakiban ee ka weyn kuwa laga heli karo faylka dpkg.log , si fudud ugu beddel dpkg.log filename ee amarka bisadaha^(cat) magacyo kale oo dpkg log ah oo aad ka hesho adigoo isticmaalaya ls –l /var/log/dpkg* amar.

Si loo xiro gedit , dooro Jooji^(Quit) ka menu -ka Faylka .^(File)

Waxaa laga yaabaa inaad dareento in liiska la soo saaray iyadoo la isticmaalayo daaqada Terminalka uu aad u dhameystiran yahay. ^(Terminal)Barnaamijyada^(Programs) lagu rakibay hab kasta waa la taxay, maaha kaliya barnaamijyada lagu rakibay maareeyaha Xidhmada Synaptic^{(Synaptic Package Manager)} .

by Lori Kaufman

Display a List of Recently Installed Software Packages in Ubuntu

There may be times when you need to view a list of the packages that were recently instаlled in Ubuntu for troubleshooting purposes or maybe just to find a program you installed that does not displаy in the menu. There are two ways to find out what was installed recently. You can view recently instаlled packages by date using the Synaptic Package Manager and from the command prompt using a Terminal window.

Use the Synaptic Package Manager

To view software packages installed recently using the Synaptic Package Manager, select Administration | Synaptic Package Manager from the System menu.

On the Synaptic Package Manager dialog box, select History from the File menu.

The History dialog box displays. All packages installed and removed using the Synaptic Package Manager are listed by month and date. Click the arrow to the left of a month in the left pane to display dates within that month on which software packages were installed or removed. Click a date to view what packages were installed or removed on that date in the right pane.

NOTE: Only software packages installed using the Synaptic Package Manager are displayed on the History dialog box. If you installed other software using other methods, such as the Ubuntu Software Center, they are not listed here.

To close the History dialog box, click the Close button.

To close the Synaptic Package Manager, select Quit from the File menu.

Use a Terminal window

If you prefer working in a Terminal window, you can get a list of installed software packages using the command line. To do this, select Accessories | Terminal from the Applications menu.

Enter the following command at the prompt and press Enter.

cat /var/log/dpkg.log | grep “\ install\ “

NOTE: There is a space after each of the backslashes.

This command displays entries from the dpkg.log file that match the term “ install “, including the spaces before and after. The “install” entries indicate packages that have been fully installed.

All the “install” entries in the dpkg.log file are displayed in the Terminal window, the most recent entries listed last.

If the dates in the dpkg.log file don’t go back as far as you need, there may be other dpkg log files. The dpkg.log file is rotated and archived weekly. You can find available dpkg log files by listing the contents of the /var/log directory.

To do this, enter the following command at the prompt and press Enter.

$ ls –l /var/log

NOTE: After “ls ” is one dash and a lowercase “L” followed by another space.

Notice that you get a listing of all the logs in the /var/log directory, not just the logs for dpkg. To display only the log files for dpkg, enter the following command at the prompt and press Enter.

$ ls –l /var/log/dpkg*

NOTE: Again, after the “ls ” is one dash and a lowercase “L” followed by another space.

Only one dpkg.log file displays in our system, because it is a new system we installed recently. To open the dpkg.log file for viewing, enter the following command at the prompt and press Enter.

$ gedit /var/log/dpkg.log

The dpkg.log file opens in gedit. All packages are listed, not only the ones with the “install” status. This makes it harder to find the fully installed packages.

TIP: Using the cat /var/log/dpkg.log | grep “\ install\ “ command is probably the best way of viewing a list of installed packages, because only “install” entries in the log file are displayed. If you need to view installed packages that are older than those available in the dpkg.log file, simply replace the dpkg.log filename in the cat command with other dpkg log filenames you find using the ls –l /var/log/dpkg* command.

To close gedit, select Quit from the File menu.

You may notice that the list generated using the Terminal window is more complete. Programs installed using any method are listed, not just programs installed using the Synaptic Package Manager.

by Lori Kaufman

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