Waxaan u qorayaa qoraalkan sababtoo ah waxaan dhawaan maqlay sheeko dhex martay laba saaxiibo ah oo mid ka mid ah uu ku taliyey in saaxiibku ka beddelo Windows oo uu u beddelo Mac ama Linux sababtoo ah nidaamyada dambe ee hawlgalka waa kuwo aan fayraska lahayn oo aan waligood helin malware ama rootkits.

Uhhh , khalad. Gebi ahaanba khalad Nasiib darro, waxaa jira dad badan oo tan aaminsan oo u maleynaya inay iibsadaan Mac ama rakibidda Ubuntu ay si uun u ilaalin doonaan.

Waxaa jira xoogaa run ah oo xaqiiqda ah in Linux uu xoogaa ammaan yahay, laakiin OS X iyo Linux labaduba waxay leeyihiin qaybtooda fayrasyada.

Sidoo kale, maadaama dad badan aysan ku shaqeynin Mac- yadooda^(Macs) software-ka ka hortaga fayraska sababtoo ah waxaa loo arkaa inaan loo baahnayn, marka fayrasku bilaabo inuu ku faafo OS X , wuxuu u fidaa sida dabka oo kale qofna xitaa ma ogaanayo inay qabaan fayras. Fayraska Flashback ee 2012 wuxuu^{(Flashback virus in 2012)} ku dhacay in ka badan 600,000 oo mashiin wuxuuna qaatay Apple toddobaadyo/bilo si uu u sii daayo hagaajin habboon.

Maqaalkan, waxaan rabay in aan dhex maro sababaha ay u jiraan fayrasyo ​​badan oo loogu talagalay Windows oo aan sharaxo in Linux runtii ka ammaan badan yahay Windows iyo sababta.

Malware meelo badan ayuu ka yimid

Waxa ugu horreeya ee aan u sharraxo dadka waa in dhammaan nidaamyada hawlgalka ay yihiin amiir ilaa malware ama fayraska ka yimaada shabakadda iyo lifaaqyada emailka.

Dhib malaha OS-ga aad ku jirto, haddii aad booqato goobta malware-ka-qaba, guji xiriiriyeyaasha aan damiirka lahayn ama soo dejiso oo fur lifaaqyo aan la garanayn, kombayutarkaagu si fudud ayuu u qaadi karaa.

Nasiib darro, tani waa sida dadka intooda badan ay ugu dambeeyaan malware-ka iyo fayrasyada kumbuyuutarkooda. Ma ahan wax caadi ah in fayraska la qaado ama qof la jabsado sababtoo ah cillad amni heerka OS ah.

Cilmi baadhayaashu waxay had iyo jeer ka helayaan godad amniga Windows , IE, Office , iwm, laakiin nidaamyada sida caadiga ah waa la dhajiyaa ka hor inta uusan fayraska bilaabmin ama qof kale la wareegin kombiyuutarkaaga.

Maadaama Windows ilaa hadda yahay nidaamka hawlgalka ee ugu baahsan, kaliya tirada badan ee aaladaha ayaa hubinaya in isticmaaleyaasha Windows ay ku dambayn doonaan fayrasyo ​​badan. Hadda oo Macs ay si fiican u iibinayaan, tirada dhacdooyinka fayrasyada iyo malware-ka ayaa sidoo kale kor u kacay.

OS X asal ahaan maaha mid ka ammaan badan Windows . Isla sidaas oo kale maaha Linux , kaas oo asal ahaan ka ammaan badan. Hoos ayaan u sharxi doonaa. Marka isticmaale Linux uu helo fayras, in kastoo, had iyo jeer waxay la xiriirtaa arjiga soo socda ee internetka sida server-ka boostada ama abka shabakadda.

Isticmaalayaasha Linux Farsamo ahaan waa Savvy

Si aad Linux ugu shaqeyso maalin kasta, waxaad u baahan tahay inaad wax badan ka ogaato kumbuyuutarrada marka loo eego isticmaale Windows ama Mac , mid fudud oo fudud. In kasta oo Linux ee goobta macaamiishu ay aad u yar yihiin, Linux aad ayey ugu weyn tahay dhabarka dambe sida server-yada shabakadda, iwm.

Waxa la yaab leh ayaa ah in badan oo ka mid ah server-yada Linux aysan ku shaqeyn wax ka hortag ah. Waa maxay sababtu? Sababtoo ah dadka iyaga ilaalinaya way yaqaaniin waxay samaynayaan, adeegayaashuna way ku adkaadeen weerarrada suurtagalka ah.

Dadka rakiba Ubuntu^(Ubuntu) sidoo kale uma badna inay qaadaan fayras markay booqdaan degel hadh leh (waxay ku booqan doonaan goobta mashiinka farsamada) ama ka soo dejinaya lifaaqa cudurka qaba imaylkooda.

Dad badan oo qaybtan ah ayaa rakiba kordhinta sida NoScript , kuwaas oo ka hortagaya wax kasta oo qoraal ah in ay socdaan inta ay baadhayaan shabakada. Sida iska cad, haddii aad u dheeraato in aad sugto ammaankaaga, waxa aad aad u yaraan doona in lagugu xadgudbo.

Ogolaanshaha Linux vs Windows

Mid ka mid ah faa'iidooyinka weyn ee Linux ka haysto OS X iyo Windows labadaba waa mudnaanta isticmaalaha. Waxaa jira arrimo badan oo dhibsado Windows sida xaqiiqda ah in qof uu magacaabi karo faylka "CuteGirl.jpg.exe" oo markaad laba jeer gujiso si aad u furto, faylka waa la dili doonaa oo kombuyuutarkaaga hadda wuu bukoobayaa. jabsiga noocan ah laguma samayn karo Linux . Waa maxay sababtu?

Si loo fuliyo faylka Linux , waa inaad ka dhigtaa mid la fulin karo. Tani waxay ka dhigan tahay inaad si gaar ah u dejisay rukhsad si ay u shaqeyso. Sababta kale ee Linux uu u ammaan badan yahay waa inaad u baahan tahay helitaanka heerka xididka si aad wax u qabato.

Inta badan isticmaalayaasha Linux waxay isticmaalaan xisaab caadi ah oo kaliya waxay galaan akoonka xididka marka ay u baahan yihiin inay isbedel gaar ah ku sameeyaan nidaamka.

Windows sidoo kale waxay leedahay xisaabaadka maamulaha iyo isticmaalayaasha caadiga ah, laakiin 99% isticmaalayaasha ^{(Administrator)}Windows kaliya waxay galaan kombayuutarkooda iyagoo isticmaalaya koontada maamulaha^{(Administrator)} , taasoo luminaysa dhammaan faa'iidooyinka amniga ee koontada caadiga ah ay bixin karto. Xitaa haddii shay uu maamulo inuu ku shaqeeyo Linux , waxba ma samayn karo ilaa ay ka heli karto akoonka xididka.

Oggolaanshaha gaarka ah ee loo baahan yahay iyo isticmaalka xisaabaadka aan xididka lahayn ee Linux ayaa aad u adkeynaya abuurista fayraska kaas oo si dhab ah ugu faafi doona sida Windows ama^(Windows) OS X.^{(OS X)}

Linux waa Isha Furan^{(Open Source)} waana arrin muhiim ah

Faa'iidada kale ee weyn ee isticmaalka Linux waa in wax walba ay yihiin il furan. Waad arki kartaa dhammaan koodka, sidaas darteed runtii way adag tahay in fayraska lagu qariyo software Linux . Haddii qof uu sameeyo xirmo software gaar ah oo loogu talagalay Linux , si toos ah ayaa loo tixgelin doonaa mid aan la aamini karin haddii aysan ka iman shirkad weyn oo caan ah.

Inta badan dadka isticmaala Linux waxay ku rakibaan software ka soo kaydinta xirmada rasmiga ah ee qaybintooda Linux . Ma jiro kayd Microsoft oo rasmi ah oo loogu talagalay software-ka Windows , meel walba iyo meel kasta ayay ka jirtaa.

Xitaa qof aniga ila mid ah oo kombuyuutarrada la shaqeeya mar kasta, waxaan la soo degsaday oo ku rakibay qayb software ah oo aan moodayay inay sharci tahay, laakiin ay ku dhammaatay wax qarsoodi ah oo qarsoon. Kiiskeyga, waxaan marka hore ku rakibaa software aan la aqoon mashiinka farsamada iyo haddii wax walba si fiican ugu socdaan VM, ka dibna waxaan ku rakibaa mashiinkayga ugu weyn.

On OS X , Apple ayaa dhawaan ku dartay OS-ka muuqaal ka hortagaya rakibaadda software kasta oo aan ku jirin dukaanka Mac App ama qayb ka mid ah horumarinta software.

Waxaad gacanta ku beddeli kartaa goobta si aad ugu rakibto barnaamij kasta oo Mac ah, laakiin waa ilaalin aan kugula talinayo isticmaaleyaasha Mac inay awood u yeeshaan maadaama ay ku siinayso ammaan ka wanaagsan mashiinka Windows -ka halkaasoo wax kasta lagu rakibi karo.

Qodobo Kale

Waxaa jira dhowr arrimood oo kale oo tilmaamaya sababta aadan u arkin fayrasyo ​​badan Linux :

1. Linux waa deegaan kala duwan. ^{(Linux is a heterogeneous environment.)}Haddii aad waligaa ku fikirtay isticmaalka Linux , waxa ugu horreeya ee aad u badan tahay inaad sameyso waxay ahayd inaad go'aansato qaybinta Linux (dhadhanka) si aad u rakibto. Run ahaantii waxaa jira kumanaan Linux qaybin ah oo halkaas ka jira dhammaantoodna way kala duwan yihiin.

Kernel^{(Linux Kernel)} - ka Linux wuu ka duwan yahay dhammaantoodna waxay wataan baakado iyo habayn kala duwan. Haysashada noocyo badan oo kala duwan oo OS ah ayaa ka dhigaysa mid adag in la qoro fayraska ku faafi doona wax kasta. Tani ma aha kiiska Windows .

2. Linux waxay leedahay amar iyo hawlo gaar ah oo loogu talagalay ujeedooyinka amniga. ^{(Linux has special command and functions for security purposes.)} Markaad barato Linux , waxaad wax badan ka baranaysaa amarrada kuu oggolaanaya inaad qabato hawlo amniga la xiriira qaarkood sida sudo ama chroot. Amaradani waxay ka dhigayaan fulinta hawlaha gaarka ah ee Linux mid ammaan ah.

3. Linux Kernel waa ka yar yahay. ^{(Linux Kernel is smaller.)}Midkan ayaa laga yaabaa in laga doodo, laakiin guud ahaan kernel-ka Linux aad ayuu uga yar yahay kernel-ka Windows , marka laga hadlayo meelaha OS-ka ee oggolaanshaha lagu hubiyo lana dhaqangeliyo. Kernel-yar oo caato ah macnaheedu maaha in aad ammaan badan tahay, laakiin waxa hubaal ah in ay caawiso in wax la yareeyo.

4. Linux oo amniga kor loo qaaday. ^{(Security-enhanced Linux.)} Waxaa jira qaybin Linux ah oo leh sifo la yiraahdo SELinux ama Linux-lagu xoojiyay amniga^{(Security-enhanced Linux)} . Asal ahaan waa wax ka beddelka kernel-ka kaas oo ka dhigaya mid ammaan badan. Waa qayb ka mid ah Koofiyada Cas^{(Red Hat)} , CentOS , iyo xitaa Ubuntu .

Waxaan rajeyneynaa, maqaalkani wuxuu ku siinayaa faahfaahin dheeraad ah oo ku saabsan sababta Linux loo tixgeliyo inuu ka badbaado Windows . Dhab ahaantii maahan wax-ka-hortagga fayraska iyo haddii hal maalin qof kastaa bilaabo soo dejinta iyo isticmaalka Linux , hackers-yada waxay heli doonaan habab cusub oo cusub oo ay fayrasyada ku helaan sidoo kale! Ku raaxayso!

Why Does Windows Have More Viruses Than Linux and OS X?

І’m writing this post becаuѕе I recently overheard a conversation between two friends where one recommended that the friend switch from Windоws to Mаc or Linux because the latter operating systems аre virus-proof and never get malware or rootkits.

Uhhh, wrong. Totally wrong. Unfortunately, there are many people who believe this and think buying a Mac or installing Ubuntu will protect them somehow.

There is some truth to the fact that Linux is a bit more secure, but OS X and Linux both have their share of viruses.

Also, since a lot of people don’t run anti-virus software on their Macs because it’s deemed not necessary, when a virus starts spreading on OS X, it spreads like wildfire and no one even realizes they have a virus. The Flashback virus in 2012 infected over 600,000 machines and took Apple weeks/months to release a proper fix.

In this article, I wanted to go through the reasons why there are more viruses for Windows and explain whether Linux is really more secure than Windows and why.

Malware Comes From Many Places

The first thing that I explain to people is that all operating systems are prince to malware or viruses from the web and from email attachments.

It doesn’t matter which OS you are on, if you visit a malware-infecting site, click on unscrupulous links or download and open unknown attachments, your computer can become easily infected.

Unfortunately, this is how most people end up with malware and viruses on their computer. It’s not as common to get  virus or get hacked by someone because of an OS level security flaw.

Researchers are always finding security holes in Windows, IE, Office, etc, but the systems normally get patched up before the virus starts to spread or someone can take over your computer.

Since Windows is by far the most prevalent operating system, just the sheer number of devices ensures that Windows users will end up getting more viruses. Now that Macs are selling pretty well, the number of incidents of viruses and malware has gone up too.

OS X is inherently not any more secure than Windows. The same is not true for Linux, which is inherently slightly more secure. I’ll explain that further down. When a Linux user does get a virus, though, it’s almost always related to an Internet-facing application like a mail server or web app.

Linux Users are Technically Savvy

In order to run Linux on a daily basis, you need to know a lot more about computers than a Windows or Mac user, plain and simple. Even though Linux in the consumer arena is quite small, Linux is huge on the back-end like web servers, etc.

What’s surprising is that a lot of Linux servers don’t run any anti-virus. Why? Because the people who maintain them know what they are doing and the servers are hardened against potential attacks.

People who install Ubuntu also are less likely to get a virus by visiting a shady website (they’ll visit the site in a virtual machine) or downloading an infected attachment from their email.

A lot of people in this category install extensions like NoScript, which prevent any scripts from running while browsing the web. Obviously, if you go to those lengths to ensure your security, you’ll be far less likely to be compromised.

Linux vs Windows Permissions

One huge advantage that Linux has over both OS X and Windows is user privileges. There are lots of annoying issues with Windows like the fact that someone can name a file “CuteGirl.jpg.exe” and when you double-click it to open, the file will be executed and your computer will now be infected. This kind of hack cannot be done in Linux. Why?

In order to execute a file in Linux, you have to make it executable. This means you have to specifically set it permissions in order for it to run. Another reason why Linux is more secure is that you need root level access in order to do anything.

Most Linux users use a normal account and only log into the root account when they need to make specific changes to the system.

Windows also has Administrator and normal user accounts, but 99% of Windows users just log into their computer using the Administrator account, thereby losing all security advantages that the normal account would provide. Even if something manages to run in Linux, it can’t do anything unless it can gain access to the root account.

The special permissions needed and the use of non-root accounts in Linux make it a lot harder to create a virus that will actually spread like it can in Windows or OS X.

Linux is Open Source and That Matters

Another big advantage to using Linux is that everything is open source. You can see all the code and therefore it’s really hard to hide a virus in Linux software. If someone does create a proprietary software package for Linux, it’ll automatically be considered untrustworthy unless it’s coming from a large well-known company.

Most people using Linux install software from the official package repositories of their Linux distribution. There is no official Microsoft repository for Windows software, it exists everywhere and anywhere.

Even someone like me who works with computers all the time, I’ve downloaded and installed a piece of software that I thought was legit, but ended up with some spyware hidden. In my case, I only install unknown software in a virtual machine first and if everything runs fine in the VM, then I install it on my main machine.

On OS X, Apple has recently added a feature to the OS that will prevent installation of any software that is not in the Mac App store or a set of identified software developers.

You can manually change the setting so that you can install any Mac software, but it’s a safeguard that I recommend Mac users enable as it gives you better security than a Windows machine where anything can be installed.

Other Factors

There are a couple of other factors that dictate why you don’t see as many viruses for Linux:

1. Linux is a heterogeneous environment. If you have ever thought about using Linux, the first thing you probably had to do was decide which Linux distribution (flavor) to install. There are literally thousands of Linux distributions out there and they are all different.

The Linux Kernel is different and they all come with different packages and configurations. Having so many different forms of the OS makes it hard to write a virus that will spread through everything. This is not the case with Windows.

2. Linux has special command and functions for security purposes. When you learn Linux, you learn a lot about commands that let you perform certain security related tasks like sudo or chroot. These commands make performing special tasks in Linux more secure.

3. Linux Kernel is smaller. This one can probably be debated, but overall the Linux kernel is a lot smaller than the Windows kernel, when talking about the areas of the OS where permissions are checked and enforced. A smaller leaner kernel doesn’t necessarily mean more secure, but it definitely helps to keep things to a minimum.

4. Security-enhanced Linux. There are some Linux distributions that have a feature called SELinux or Security-enhanced Linux. It’s basically a set of kernel modifications that make it more secure. It’s part of Red Hat, CentOS, and even Ubuntu.

Hopefully, these article gives you a few more details as to why Linux is considered safer than Windows. It’s definitely not virus-proof and if one day everyone starts downloading and using Linux, the hackers will find new and innovative ways to get viruses there too! Enjoy!

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