Isbeddellada Deegaanka ee Nidaamka iyo Isticmaalaha^{(System and User Environment Variables)} ayaa had iyo jeer ahaa mawduuc adag oo dood ah oo loogu talagalay isticmaaleyaasha Windows OS -da maalinlaha ah. Maxay qabtaan? Cashar ku saabsan internetka ayaa sheegay in lagu daro doorsoomiyaha PATH , laakiin waa maxay? Halkeen ka helaa doorsoomayaashan? Dhammaan su'aalahan ayaa si dhakhso ah looga jawaabi doonaa qoraalkan. Waxaan isku daynay inaan ku siino dulmar heer sare ah oo ku saabsan waxa ay yihiin Nidaamyada^(System) iyo Kala beddelashada Deegaanka Isticmaalaha^{(User Environment Variables)} iyo sida aad uga faa'iidaysan karto.

Maqaalkan, waxaan kaga hadli doonaa Isbeddellada Deegaanka^{(Environment Variables)} , Nidaamka^(System) iyo Isbeddellada Deegaanka Isticmaalaha^{(User Environment Variables)} iyo sida loogu daro loona beddelo. Ka dib waxaan u gudbi doonaa Dynamic System Variables oo aan aragno sida loo isticmaalo isla markiiba amarka.

Waa maxay Bedelka^(Variable) Deegaanka ee Windows OS

Bedelka Deegaanka^{(Environment Variable)} waxa loo sameeyay laba kelmadood oo kala duwan, ' Environment ' iyo ' Variable '. Aynu ka wada hadalno 'beddeli karo' marka hore. Waxay la macno tahay in goobta ay kaydin karto qiime oo ay ku kala duwan tahay kombuyuutarba. Daaqadaha^(Windows) ayaa bixiya ' Environment ' oo loogu talagalay codsiyada lagu fuliyo oo lagu fuliyo hawlgallada waana waxa ereyga koowaad sameeya. Isku darka labadaba, Isbeddellada Deegaanku^{(Environment)} waa walxaha firfircoon ee kaydiya qiyamka deegaanku bixiyo. Hadda deegaanku wuxuu bixiyaa qiyam ka caawiya barnaamijyada kale si ay u helaan macluumaad muhiim ah oo ku saabsan nidaamka. Sida uu jiro doorsoome deegaan oo loo yaqaan 'dabaysha' oo u dhiganta hagaha meesha Windowslagu rakibay. Si aad tan u aragto ficil ahaan, fur daaqada sahamiyaha oo ku qor ' %windir% ' ciwaanka ciwaanka Galka rakibaadda Windows wuu furmi doonaa.

Si la mid ah, waxaad tixraaci kartaa buugga tusaha Windows adigoo isticmaalaya doorsoomiyaha 'windir' ee barnaamijyada iyo qoraallada kale. Waxaa jira doorsoomayaal kale oo badan oo la heli karo, ' TEMP ' ama 'TMP' waa doorsoome tilmaamaya tusaha meesha dhammaan faylasha ku meel gaarka ah lagu kaydiyo. Doorsoomiyaha ' Path^(Path) ' ee ugu caansan waa kan tilmaamaya hagayaasha ay ku jiraan faylasha la fulin karo. Si aad barnaamij uga socodsiiso Command Prompt hage^{(Command Prompt)} kasta oo kale. Waxaan ku sharaxnay Dariiqa^(Path) dambe ee qoraalkan. Dhammaan doorsoomayaashan waxay ku anfacayaan markaad wax horumarinayso ama aad isticmaalayso qolofka.

Waa maxay Nidaamyada^(System) & Bedelaada Deegaanka Isticmaalaha^{(User Environment Variables)}

Aad ula mid ah sida uu diiwaanku^(Registry) ugu shaqeeyo Windows , waxaan leenahay System iyo User Environment Variables . Doorsoomayaasha nidaamka waa la aqbalay sistamka oo dhan mana kala duwana isticmaale ilaa isticmaale. Halka^(Whereas) , Deegaanka Isticmaalaha^{(User Environments)} loo habeeyey si ka duwan isticmaale ilaa isticmaale. Waxaad ku dari kartaa doorsoomayaasha hoos isticmaalaha si isticmaalayaasha kale aysan u saameyn.

Kaliya macluumaadkaaga maadaama aan mawduuca si qoto dheer uga hadlayno. Isbeddellada Nidaamka^{(System Variables)} waa la qiimeeyaa ka hor beddelka Isticmaalaha^{(User Variables)} . Markaa haddii ay jiraan doorsoomayaal isticmaale oo leh magac la mid ah doorsoomayaasha nidaamka markaa doorsoomayaasha isticmaale ayaa la tixgelin doonaa. Doorsoomiyaha Waddada^(Path) waxa loo soo saaray si ka duwan. Dariiqa^(Path) wax ku oolka ah wuxuu noqon doonaa doorsoomiyaha Waddada Isticmaalaha^{(User Path)} oo lagu lifaaqo doorsoomiyaha Waddada Nidaamka^{(System Path)} . Markaa nidaamka gelitaanku wuxuu noqonayaa nidaamka gelitaanka oo ay raacayaan gelitaanka isticmaaleyaasha.

Sida wax loogu daro oo wax looga beddelo Isbeddellada Deegaanka

Digniin yar intaynaan sii qoto dheeraan. Samee nidaamka soo celinta barta , oo isku day inaadan faragalinin goobaha jira ee loo habeeyey nidaamkaaga. Ilaa aad ka hubsato falalkaaga mooyaane. Si aad u furto daaqada 'Environment Variables', raac talaabooyinkan:

Midig ku dhufo 'PC Tani' icon oo dooro 'Properties'.
Hadda daaqaddan ka dooro qaybta bidix 'Advanced System Settings'.
Ku dhufo^(Hit) batoonka ugu dambeeya adigoo dhahaya 'Beerayaasha Deegaanka' si aad u furto daaqada mustaqbalkayaga.

Nidaamka & Bedelaada Deegaanka Isticmaalaha

Markaad furto tan, waxaad awoodi doontaa inaad si gaar ah u aragto doorsoomayaasha Isticmaalaha^(User) iyo Nidaamka . ^(System)Magaca doorsoomuhu wuxuu ku yaalaa tiirka koowaad qiimihiisuna wuxuu ku yaalaa kan labaad. Badhamada u dhigma ee ka hooseeya shaxda ayaa kuu ogolaanaya inaad 'Kudar', 'Tafatirto' iyo 'Delete' doorsoomayaashan.

Isticmaalka doorsoomiyaha Waddada

Jidku^(Path) waa doorsoomaha deegaanka ee aadka loo isticmaalo. Sida aan soo sheegay, waxay tilmaamaysaa hagayaal ay ku jiraan faylal la fulin karo. Markaad si sax ah u dejiso doorsoomiyahaaga Jidka^(Path) , waxaad isticmaali kartaa kuwan la fulin karo meel kasta oo nidaamka ah. Aan isku dayno inaan arrintan ku fahanno tusaale. Fur daaqadda doorsoomayaasha deegaanka oo ka raadi ' Path ' ee doorsoomayaasha nidaamka.

Nidaamka & Bedelaada Deegaanka Isticmaalaha

Guji^(Click) 'Wax ka bedel' ka dibna dhagsii ' Cusub^(New) ' adoon ku ciyaarin kontaroolada kale hadda. Hadda guji browse oo dooro gal uu ku jiro faylkaaga la fulin karo. Guji^(Click) 'OK' oo kaydi wax walba. Waxaan ku daray 'Visual Studio Code' oo la fulin karo waddada.

Hadda si aad u socodsiiso codsigaaga, fur Command Prompt oo ku qor magaca faylka la fulin karo ee ku jiray galka. Waxaad bixin kartaa doodo dheeraad ah haddii barnaamijku taageero. Barnaamijku wuxuu ka socon doonaa isla markiiba amarka isagoon dhab ahaantii ku jirin hagaha meesha aad ka fulisay amarka. Taasi waa quruxda doorsoomiyaha Waddada^{(Path variable)} .

Liiska dhammaan kala beddelka deegaanka

Fur degdegga amarka oo ku qor ' SET ' oo ku dhufo Gelida^(Enter) . Dhammaan liiska doorsoomayaasha leh qiimahooda hadda waa la soo bandhigi doonaa oo waxaad tixraaci kartaa inaad isbeddel ku sameyso kombayutarkaada.

Isbeddellada Deegaanka Firfircoon

Si ka duwan, doorsoomayaasha caadiga ah, doorsoomayaasha deegaanka ee firfircoon waxaa bixiya CMD ee maaha nidaamka. Ma beddeli kartid qiyamka doorsoomayaashan waxayna ku fidayaan qiyam kala duwan mar kasta oo la weydiiyo. Caadi ahaan doorsoomayaashan waxaan u isticmaalnaa habaynta dufcada kuwaasna laguma kaydiyo deegaanka. Xataa amarka 'SET' ma muujin doono doorsoomayaashan. Qaar ka mid ah doorsoomayaasha jawi firfircoon ayaa hoos ku taxan.

Akhri^(Read) : Sida loogu daro Bedelka Deegaanka ee Menu Context^{(How to add Environment Variables to Context Menu)} .

Liiska doorsoomayaasha deegaanka ee Windows 11/10

%APPDATA% - C: Isticmaalayaasha<username>AppDataRoaming

%ALLUSERSPROFILE% – C:Barnaamijka Xogta

%CD% - Ku qorista amarkan ayaa ku siin doona tusaha hadda aad ku shaqaynayso.

%COMMONPROGRAMFILES% - C: Faylasha Barnaamijka faylalka caadiga ah

%COMMONPROGRAMFILES(x86)% - C: faylalka barnaamijka (x86) faylalka caadiga ah

%COMMONPRGRAMW6432% - C: faylalka barnaamijka faylalka caadiga ah

%CMDEXTVERSION% - Doorsoomuhu wuxuu ku fidaa nooca kordhinta khadka taliska.

%COMSPEC% - C:WindowsSystem32cmd.exe

%DATE% : - Doorsoomuhu wuxuu ku siin doonaa taariikhda hadda jirta iyadoo loo eegayo doorashada qaabka taariikhda.

%ERRORLEVEL% - Wuxuu go'aamiyaa heerka qaladka ee uu dejiyay amarkii ugu dambeeyay.

%HOMEDRIVE% - C:

%HOMEPATH% -C: Isticmaalayaasha<username>

%LOCALAPPDATA% - C: Isticmaalayaasha<username>AppDataLocal

%LOGONSERVER% - \<Domain_logon_server>

%PATH% – C:Windowssystem32;C:Windows;C:WindowsSystem32Wbem

%PATHEXT% – .com ; .exe ; fiidmeerta^(.bat) ; .cmd ; .vbs ; .vbe ;.js; .jse ; .wsf ; .wsh ;.msc

%PROGRAMDATA% - C: Xogta Barnaamijka

%PROGRAMFILES% – C: Faylasha barnaamijka

%PROGRAMW6432% - C: Faylasha Barnaamijka

%PROGRAMFILES(X86)% - C: Faylasha barnaamijka (x86)

%PROMPT% - $P$G

%SYSTEMDRIVE% - C:

%SYSTEMROOT% – C:Daaqadaha

%TIME% - Si la mid ah, waxay ku siinaysaa wakhtiga hadda iyadoo loo eegayo doorashada qaabka wakhtiga.

%TMP% - C: Isticmaalayaasha<username>AppDataLocalTemp

%TEMP% - C: Isticmaalayaasha<username>AppDataLocalTemp

%USERNAME% - <username>

%USERPROFILE% - C: Isticmaalayaasha<username>

%USERDOMAIN% – Userdmain^(Userdomain) la xidhiidha isticmaaleha hadda jira.

%USERDOMAIN_ROAMINGPROFILE%- Isticmaalaha isticmaalaha^(Userdomain) ee la xidhiidha astaanta socodka.

%WINDIR% - C:Daaqadaha

%PUBLIC% - C: Isticmaalayaasha Dadweynaha

%PSMODULEPATH% - % SystemRoot %system32WindowsPowerShell 1.0Modules

%ONEDRIVE% - C: Isticmaalayaasha<username>OneDrive

%DRVERDATA% - C:WindowsSystem32DriversDriverData

%CMDCMDLINE%- Soo^(Outputs) saarida khadka taliska ee loo isticmaalo in lagu bilaabo kalfadhiga degdega ah ee hadda socda. ^{(Command Prompt)}( Command Prompt .)

%COMPUTERNAME% -Waxay soo saartaa magaca nidaamka

%PROCESSOR_REVISION% - Waxay soo saartaa dib u eegista processor-ka.

%PROCESSOR_IDENTIFIER% - Soo saareyaasha aqoonsiga processor-ka.

%PROCESSOR_LEVEL% - Waxay soo saartaa heerka processor-ka.

%RANDOM% – Doorsoomuhu waxa uu daabacaa lambar random ah laga bilaabo 0 ilaa 32767

%NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS% - Waxay soo saartaa tirada xudunta jireed iyo kuwa farsamada.

%OS% - Windows_NT

Tani waxay ahayd wax badan oo ku saabsan Nidaamka^(System) iyo Isbeddellada Deegaanka Isticmaalaha^{(User Environment Variables)} ee Windows . Daaqadaha^(Windows) waxay la yimaadaan doorsoomayaal badan oo badan - ha ilaawin inaad hubiso iyaga oo isticmaalaya amarka 'SET'.

TALO^(TIP) : Tafatiraha Degdegga ah ee Deegaanka waa tafatiraha ^{(Rapid Environment Editor)}beddelka^{(Variables Editor)} deegaanka ee awood badan ee Windows .

System & User Environment Variables in Windows 11/10 explained

System and User Environment Variables has always been a complex topic of discussion for day-to-day Windows OS users. What do they do? A tutorial on the internet said to add a PATH variable, but what is it? Where do I find these variables? All of these questions will be shortly answered in this post. We’ve tried to give you a high-level overview of what System and User Environment Variables are and how you can utilize them.

In this post, we will discuss Environment Variables, System and User Environment Variables and how to add and modify them. Then we will move on to Dynamic System Variables and see how to use them in the command prompt.

What is an Environment Variable In Windows OS

Environment Variable is formed up by two separate words, ‘Environment’ and ‘Variable’. Let’s discuss ‘variable’ first. It means that the entity can store a value and vary from computer to computer. Windows provide an ‘Environment’ for applications to execute and perform operations and that is what makes the first word. Combining both, Environment Variables are those dynamic objects that store the values provided by the environment. Now environment provides values that help other programs in obtaining some crucial information about the system. Like there is an environment variable called ‘windir’ that corresponds to the directory where Windows is installed. To see this in action, open up an explorer window and type in ‘%windir%’ in the address bar. The Windows installation folder will open up.

Very similarly, you can make reference to the Windows directory using ‘windir’ variable in other programs and scripts. There are numerous other variables that can be accessed, ‘TEMP’ or ‘TMP’ is the variable that points to the directory where all temporary files are stored. The most popular, ‘Path’ variable is the one that points to the directories containing executable files. So that you can run a program from the Command Prompt in any other directory. We’ve explained Path later on in this post. All these variables come in handy when you are developing something or using the shell a lot.

What are System & User Environment Variables

Very similar to how the Registry works on Windows, we have System and User Environment Variables. The system variables are system-wide accepted and do not vary from user to user. Whereas, User Environments are configured differently from user to user. You can add your variables under the user so that other users are not affected by them.

Just for your information since we are discussing the topic in depth. System Variables are evaluated before User Variables. So if there are some user variables with the same name as system variables then user variables will be considered. The Path variable is generated in a different way. The effective Path will be the User Path variable appended to the System Path variable. So the order of entries will be system entries followed by user entries.

How to add & modify Environment Variables

A small warning before we go deeper. Create a system restore point, and try not to tamper with the existing settings configured for your system. Until unless you are very sure about your actions. To open the ‘Environment Variables’ Window, follow these steps:

Right-click ‘This PC’ icon and select ‘Properties’.
Now in this window select ‘Advanced System Settings’ from the left part.
Hit the last button saying ‘Environment Variables’ to open our destined window.

System & User Environment Variables

Once you’ve opened this up, you will be able to view User and System variables separately. The variable name is in the first column and its value in the second. The corresponding buttons below the table let you ‘Add’, ‘Edit’ and ‘Delete’ these variables.

Using the Path variable

Path is the most used environment variable. As I mentioned, it points to directories that contain executable files. Once you’ve correctly setup your Path variable, you can use these executables from anywhere in the system. Let’s try to understand this with an example. Open up the environment variables window and look for ‘Path’ in system variables.

System & User Environment Variables

Click on ‘Edit’ and then click on ‘New’ without playing around with other controls right now. Now click browse and select a folder that has your desired executable file. Click ‘Ok’ and save everything. I added ‘Visual Studio Code’ executable to the path.

Now to run your application, open up Command Prompt and type in the name of the executable file that was in the folder. You can provide additional arguments if the program supports it. The program will run from the command prompt without actually being in the directory from where you executed the command. That is the beauty of the Path variable.

List of all Environment Variables

Open command prompt and type ‘SET’ and hit Enter. The entire list of variables with their current values will be displayed and you can refer to it for making changes to your computer.

Dynamic Environment Variables

Unlike, conventional variables, dynamic environment variables are provided by the CMD and not by the system. You cannot change the values of these variables and they expand to various discrete values whenever queried. We usually use these variables for batch processing and these are not stored in the environment. Even the ‘SET’ command will not reveal these variables. Some of the dynamic environment variables are listed below.

Read: How to add Environment Variables to Context Menu.

List of environment variables in Windows 11/10

%APPDATA% – C:\Users\<username>\AppData\Roaming

%ALLUSERSPROFILE% – C:\ProgramData

%CD% – Typing in this command will give you the current directory you are working in.

%COMMONPROGRAMFILES% – C:\Program Files\Common Files

%COMMONPROGRAMFILES(x86)% – C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files

%COMMONPRGRAMW6432% – C:\Program Files\Common Files

%CMDEXTVERSION% – This variable expands to the version of the command-line extensions.

%COMSPEC% – C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe

%DATE%: – This variable will give you the current date according to date format preferences.

%ERRORLEVEL% – Determines the error level set by last executing command.

%HOMEDRIVE% – C:\

%HOMEPATH% -C:\Users\<username>

%LOCALAPPDATA% – C:\Users\<username>\AppData\Local

%LOGONSERVER% – \\<domain_logon_server>

%PATH% – C:\Windows\system32;C:\Windows;C:\Windows\System32\Wbem

%PATHEXT% – .com;.exe;.bat;.cmd;.vbs;.vbe;.js;.jse;.wsf;.wsh;.msc

%PROGRAMDATA% – C:\ProgramData

%PROGRAMFILES% – C:\Program Files

%PROGRAMW6432% – C:\Program Files

%PROGRAMFILES(X86)% – C:\Program Files (x86)

%PROMPT% – $P$G

%SYSTEMDRIVE% – C:

%SYSTEMROOT% – C:\Windows

%TIME% – Similarly, it gives you current time according to the time format preferences.

%TMP% – C:\Users\<username>\AppData\Local\Temp

%TEMP% – C:\Users\<username>\AppData\Local\Temp

%USERNAME% – <username>

%USERPROFILE% – C:\Users\<username>

%USERDOMAIN% – Userdomain associated with current user.

%USERDOMAIN_ROAMINGPROFILE% – Userdomain associated with roaming profile.

%WINDIR% – C:\Windows

%PUBLIC% – C:\Users\Public

%PSMODULEPATH% – %SystemRoot%\system32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\Modules\

%ONEDRIVE% – C:\Users\<username>\OneDrive

%DRVERDATA% – C:\Windows\System32\Drivers\DriverData

%CMDCMDLINE% – Outputs command line used to launch the current Command Prompt session. (Command Prompt.)

%COMPUTERNAME% -Outputs the system name.

%PROCESSOR_REVISION% – Outputs processor revision.

%PROCESSOR_IDENTIFIER% – Outputs processor identifier.

%PROCESSOR_LEVEL% – Outputs processor level.

%RANDOM% – This variable prints a random number from 0 through 32767

%NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS% – Outputs the number of physical and virtual cores.

%OS% – Windows_NT

This was pretty much about System and User Environment Variables on Windows. Windows does come with a lot more variables – don’t forget to check them using the ‘SET’ command.

TIP: Rapid Environment Editor is a powerful Environment Variables Editor for Windows.

Maximus Schultz

About the author

Waxaan ahay injineer software leh in ka badan 10 sano oo waayo-aragnimo ah horumarinta iyo dayactirka Windows 11 ama 10 codsiyada. Waxaan sidoo kale khibrad u leeyahay la shaqeynta Google Docs iyo Microsoft Edge. Xirfadahayga meelahan ayaa iga dhigaya musharax aad u wanaagsan doorarka injineernimada software mustaqbalka.

Nidaamka & Deegaanka Isticmaalaha ayaa ku kala beddelan gudaha Windows 11/10 ayaa la sharraxay

Waa maxay Bedelka^(Variable) Deegaanka ee Windows OS

Waa maxay Nidaamyada^(System) & Bedelaada Deegaanka Isticmaalaha^{(User Environment Variables)}