Operating System-ku waa nafta kumbiyuutar kasta. Wax badan ayaanu aragnay muddo ka dib, laakiin midda xooggani waa Microsoft Windows . Daaqadaha^(Windows) ayaa ku dhawaad ​​90% ka ah wadarta suuqa nidaamka hawlgalka. Maxaase u diidaya?  Daaqadaha^(Windows) waa sahlan tahay in la isticmaalo waxaana ku qalabaysan dhammaan adeegyada uu qofku ka filan karo OS kasta - waxaana loo arkaa inuu ka wanaagsan yahay nidaamka hawlgalka ee il furan^{(better than an open-source operating system)} . Laakiin had iyo jeer waxaa jira qaar, kuwaas oo laga yaabo inay raadinayaan nidaamka hawlgalka bilaashka ah^{(free operating system)} ee kombuyuutarkooda.

Nidaamyada Hawlgelinta Isha Furan ee Bilaashka ah

Maanta waxaan liis gareyn doonaa qaar ka mid ah kuwa ugu caansan, isha furan, sidaas darteedna bilaashka ah, nidaamyada hawlgalka ee ay heli karaan isticmaalayaasha kombiyuutarada. Isagoo ka hadlaya adduunka isha furan, waxaa jira habab hawleed aad u cajiib ah - kuwaas oo waxtar yeelan kara mararka qaarkood. Horaan uga hadlay xog-ururinta Isha Furan – maantana waxaan ka hadli doonaa qaar ka mid ah nidaamyada hawlgalka ee bilaashka ah iyo kuwa furan iyo astaamohooda, oo kooban.

1] Ubuntu

Xogta isha furan ee inta badan la isticmaalo waa Ubuntu . Waa nidaam ku shaqeeya Linux waxaana loo qaybiyaa bilaash iyadoo ay la socoto koodhka isha. Mashruucu wuxuu u eg yahay mid la mid ah kan Windows , oo leh kontaroolada daaqadaha iyo calaamadaha. Waxaa jira taageero software weyn oo macquul ah oo laga heli karo Ubuntu ; codsiyada caadiga ah waxaa ka mid ah Mozilla Firefox^{(Mozilla Firefox web)} browser web, LibreOffice codsiga suite, GIMP image editor, iyo wixii la mid ah.

Ubuntu waxa lagu qaybiyaa shatiga GNU^(GNU) iyo GPL . Waxay leedahay qolof UNIX ah oo loo yaqaan ^(UNIX)Terminal kaas oo loo isticmaali karo in lagula falgalo shabakada laguna rakibo codsiyada qolo saddexaad.

Tilmaamaha Ubuntu, Tilmaamaha, iyo Shuruudaha^{(Ubuntu Features, Specifications, and Requirements)}

• Taageerada looxyada ARM iyo x861
• Taageerada kaydinta maxaliga ah ee shaqaynta DVR2^(DVR)
• Meesha ugu yar ee diskooga: 2GB
• Xusuusta ugu yar: 512 MB
• HDMI
• Taageerada CEC
• Badbaado shabakad sifaysan oo buuxda
• Adeegyada xidhiidhka bulshada
• Gallery

Mid ka mid ah sifooyinka xiisaha leh ee Ubuntu waa isdhexgalka baahinta, adeegyada khadka, iyo codsiyada. Tani waxay ku siinaysaa waayo-aragnimo TV-ga dhabta ah ee desktop-ka maadaama aad hadda heli karto warbaahin baahi loo qabo. Ubuntu wuxuu^(Ubuntu) u baahan yahay dadaal aad u yar si loo rakibo. Waxaad kala soo bixi kartaa Windows Installer halkan^(here) .

Hubi tan haddii aad raadinayso beddelka Linux oo badan oo Windows ah .

2] FreeBSD

FreeBSD waa nidaamka qalliinka horumarsan ee x86 ku habboon (oo ay ku jiraan Pentium iyo Athlon ), AMD64 ku habboon. Waxay caan ku tahay soosaarayaasha shabakadaha, maadaama FreeBSD ay bixiso isku xirka horumarsan, waxqabadka, amniga, iyo astaamaha waafaqsanaanta. Badi software-ka ku shaqeeya Linux waxa uu ku shaqayn karaa FreeBSD iyada oo aan loo baahnayn lakab kasta oo ku habboon. Si kastaba ha ahaatee FreeBSD^(FreeBSD) waxay weli siisaa lakab ku habboon dhowr nidaamyo hawlgal oo kale oo Unix ah, oo ay ku jiraan Linux . Natiijo ahaan, binaries Linux intooda badan waxaa lagu socodsiin karaa FreeBSD .

FreeBSD waxay ku jirtaa meel furan waxaana lagu rakibi karaa noocyo kala duwan oo warbaahin ah oo ay ku jiraan CD-ROM , DVD , ama si toos ah shabakada adoo isticmaalaya FTP ama NFS .

Astaamaha FreeBSD^{(FreeBSD Features)}

1) FreeBSD waxay la socotaa qalab gaar ah oo horumarsan oo hadda taageera nidaamyada faylalka horumarsan ee loo yaqaan nidaamka faylka ZFS (waxqabadka hab-socodka badan ee aadka loo cabbiri karo.)

2) SMPng : Nashqada SMPng^(SMPng) waxay ogolaataa isku-dhafka kernel-ka. Tani waxay ka dhigaysaa OS inuu si degdeg ah u shaqeeyo maadaama uu cabbiri karo in ka badan 8 CPU culaysyo shaqo oo badan.

3) Wireless: waxay kordhisaa taageerada wireless-ka, oo ay ku jiraan kaararka Atheros-ku-salaysan ee awoodda sare leh, darawallada cusub ee Ralink , Intel , iyo kaararka ZyDAS , WPA , sawir-qaadista asalka iyo roaming, iyo 802.11n.

FreeBSD waxa kale oo ka mid ah taageerada software-ka sirta ah, qolofka sugan, xaqiijinta Kerberos , "serverrada dhabta ah".

Waxaad kala soo bixi kartaa FreeBSD halkan^(here) .

3] OpenSolaris

OpenSolaris  waa nidaamka kumbiyuutarka ku shaqeeya ee uu sameeyay Sun Microsystems . Waxa uu si fiican ugu shaqeeyaa miisaska, laptops, server-yada iyo xarumaha xogta. OpenSolaris waa GUI ku salaysan sida Ubuntu oo kale waxayna leedahay muraayad garaafyo qani ah iyo daaqado loogu talagalay hagitaan sahlan. Hadda waxa lagu heli karaa nooca 11 waxaana laga soo dejisan karaa kharash la'aan mareegaha Oracle^(Oracle) .

Tilmaamaha OpenSolaris^{(OpenSolaris Features)}

• ZFS (nidaamka faylka)
• clones bootable
• hubinta xogta
• barkadaha kaydinta (zpools)
• sawir-qaadis (adoo isticmaalaya koobi-ku-qor)
• Waqti goynta

Intaa waxaa dheer, nidaamka faylka Sun's ZFS hadda wuxuu leeyahay tignoolajiyada maaraynta waddan-adag adag ( SSD ), oo loola jeedo in loo oggolaado maamulayaasha nidaamka inay hagaajiyaan waxqabadka SSD .

Waxaad kala soo bixi kartaa OpenSolaris halkan^(here) .

4] ReactOS

Waa OS ku habboon Windows oo bilaash ah kaas oo bixiya faa'iidooyinka ku socodsiinta barnaamijyada ^(Windows)Windows -ka asalka ah. Marka laga reebo inuu yahay software il furan (muuqaalkiisa ugu weyn), qalabku wuxuu leeyahay muuqaal aad u fiican oo Windows ku guuldareystay inay bixiso - Maareeyaha dalabka oo aad ugu eg maareeyaha xirmada Linux . Si aad u isticmaasho software-ka, u gudub bogga rasmiga ah ee React OS^{(React OS’s official website)} oo ka dib markaad soo dejiso sawirka, isticmaal qalab sida Rufus si aad ugu qorto USB-ga.

5] Haiku OS

Waxa inta badan isticmaalayaashu ay ka helaan OS^{(this OS)} -kan waa isku-duubnaantiisa iyo isku-duubnaantiisa. Si loo bilaabo nidaamka qalliinka, mid ayaa si fudud u gelinaya suulka suulka dekedda USB oo dib u bilaabay. Tani waa inaysan dhibaato keenin maadaama inta badan kombuyuutarrada casriga ah ee maalmahan la dejin karo inay ka soo baxaan furaha USB-ga . ^(USB)OS-gu waa mid degdeg ah oo jawaab celin leh. Waxaa intaa dheer, waxay ku qalabaysan tahay tiro codsiyo ah iyo demos horay loo sii rakibay. Markaa, bilaabista waa inaysan dhibaato ku noqon xitaa isticmaalayaasha markii ugu horeysay.

Fedora & Debian waa distro-yada kale ee ay tahay in halkan lagu xuso.

Sidoo kale akhri: ^{(Also read:)}Nidaamyada hawlgalka kale ee PC

Hayso indho-indhayn ama faallo aad samayso, fadlan sidaas ku samee hoos.^{(Have any observations or comment to make, please do so below.)}

Popular Free Open Source Operating Systems

An Operating System remains the soul of any computer. We havе ѕeen many оver time, but the one that has stood out strong is Microsoft Windows. Windows occupies around 90 % of the total operatіng system market. And why shouldn’t it?  Windows is easy-tо-use and comes equipped with all the services one would expect from any OS – and is considered to be better than an open-source operating system. But there are always some, who may be looking out for a free operating system for their computers.

Free Open Source Operating Systems

Today I will list down some of the most popular, open-source, and therefore free, operating systems available to computer users. Speaking about the open-source world, there are some quite impressive operating systems – that can be useful at times. Earlier I had talked about Open Source database – and today I will discuss some free and open-source operating systems and their features, in brief.

1] Ubuntu

The most widely used open-source database is Ubuntu. It is a Linux based operating system and is distributed free along with the source code. Its desktop looks somewhat similar to that of Windows, with window controls and icons. There is reasonable large software support available on Ubuntu; the common applications include Mozilla Firefox web browser, LibreOffice office application suite, GIMP image editor, and so on.

Ubuntu is distributed under GNU and GPL license. It has a UNIX shell called Terminal that can be used to interact with the network and install third-party applications.

Ubuntu Features, Specifications, and Requirements

• Support for ARM and x86 boards1
• Local storage support for DVR functionality2
• Minimum disk space: 2GB
• Minimum memory: 512 MB
• HDMI
• CEC support
• Secure full-featured web
• Social networking services
• Gallery

One of the interesting features of Ubuntu is the integration of broadcast, online services, and applications. This gives you a real TV experience on a desktop since you can now get media on demand. Ubuntu needs very little effort for installation. You can download the Windows Installer here.

Check this if you are looking for more Linux alternatives to Windows.

2] FreeBSD

FreeBSD is an advanced operating system for x86 compatible (including Pentium and Athlon), AMD64 compatible. It is popular among network developers, as FreeBSD offers advanced networking, performance, security, and compatibility features. Most software that runs on Linux can run on FreeBSD without the need for any compatibility layer. FreeBSD nonetheless still provides a compatibility layer for several other Unix-like operating systems, including Linux. As a result, most Linux binaries can be run on FreeBSD.

FreeBSD is available under open source and can be installed from a variety of media including CD-ROM, DVD, or directly over the network using FTP or NFS.

FreeBSD Features

1) FreeBSD ships with advanced hardware specifications that now supports advanced file systems called ZFS file system (highly scalable multiprocessing performance.)

2) SMPng: The SMPng architecture allows concurrency in the kernel. This makes OS perform fast as it can scale to over 8 CPU cores for many workloads.

3) Wireless:  enhances wireless support, including high-power Atheros-based cards, new drivers for Ralink, Intel, and ZyDAS cards, WPA, background scanning and roaming, and 802.11n.

FreeBSD also includes support for encryption software, secure shells, Kerberos authentication, “virtual servers”.

You can download FreeBSD here.

3] OpenSolaris

OpenSolaris is a computer operating system developed by Sun Microsystems. It runs well on desktops, laptops, servers and data centers. OpenSolaris is GUI based like Ubuntu and has rich graphical desktop and windows for easy navigation. It is now available in version 11 and can be downloaded without any cost from the Oracle website.

OpenSolaris Features

• ZFS (the file system)
• bootable clones
• checksums on data
• storage pools (zpools)
• snapshots (utilizing copy-on-write)
• Timeslider

In addition, Sun’s ZFS file system now has native solid-state drive (SSD) management technology, meant to allow system administrators to fine-tune SSD performance.

You can download OpenSolaris here.

4] ReactOS

It is a free Windows-compatible OS that offers the benefits of running Windows apps natively. Apart from being an open-source software (its main highlight), the tool has a one really cool feature that Windows failed to offer – An application manager very much similar to Linux package manager. To use the software, head over to React OS’s official website and after having downloaded the image, use a tool like Rufus to write it on a USB drive.

5] Haiku OS

What most users like about this OS is its uniformity and cohesiveness. To start up the operating system, one simply inserts the thumb drive into a USB port and reboot. This should not pose a problem as most modern computers these days can be set to boot from the USB key. The OS is fast and responsive. Moreover, it is equipped with a number of applications and demos pre-installed. So, getting started should not be a problem even for first-time users.

Fedora & Debian are the other distro’s which must definitely be mentioned here.

Also read: Alternative operating systems for PC

Have any observations or comment to make, please do so below.

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