Markaad u isticmaasho kombiyuutarkaaga si aad u gasho internetka, hawshan lama fulin karo la'aanteed cinwaanka IP-ga^{(IP address)} . Waxaad isku dayi kartaa haddii aad rabto, laakiin natiijadu waxay had iyo jeer ahaan doontaa isku mid, taas oo ah, xiriir la'aan, muddo.

Hadda, qof kastaa ma yaqaanno aasaaska ciwaanka IP-ga. Anigoo intaas oo dhan maskaxda ku hayna, waxaan go'aansanay inaan sharaxno waxa uu yahay cinwaanka IP-ga, iyo saddexda nooc ee cinwaannada IP-yada ee laga helo kumbuyuutarrada iyo shabakadaha. Sida ay hadda taagan tahay, waa in aad leedahay aqoon aasaasi ah oo ku saabsan waxa ciwaanka IP-gu yahay iyo saddex nooc oo cinwaannadaas ah dhammaadka maqaalka.

Waa maxay Ciwaanka IP?

Ciwaanka IP-ga, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano ciwaanka borotokoolka internetka^{(Internet Protocol)} , waa lambar kala soocida kombiyuutarada ku xiran shabakada. Marka ciwaanka IP-gu uu firfircoon yahay, waxay si fudud ula macno tahay in aaladda kombuyuutarada aasaasiga ahi ay awood u yeelan doonto inay kula xidhiidho aaladaha kale ee shabakadda IP-ku-salaysan.

Waxaa jira noocyo badan oo ka mid ah borotokoolka internetka^{(Internet Protocol)} , laakiin kuwa ugu caansan ee loo yaqaan IPv4 iyo IPv6 . Waa inaan tilmaannaa in IPv4 ay ku qeexdo cinwaanka IP-ga inuu yahay nambar 32-bit ah, halka IPv6 uu ku qeexayo ciwaanka IP-ga inuu yahay nambar 128-bit ah.

Intaa waxaa dheer, dadyowgu waa inay ogaadaan in cinwaannada IP-ga lagu qoray oo lagu muujiyey qaab bini'aadmigu akhriyi karo, markaa lambarrada.

Waa maxay shaqada cinwaanka IP-ga?

Way fududahay. Laga soo bilaabo fahamkeena qoto dheer, ciwaanka IP-ga waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu aqoonsado isku-xirka shabakadda, halkaasna, wuxuu bixiyaa goobta kombuyuutarka martida loo yahay ee shabakadda. Marka taas la sameeyo, waddo ayaa la sameeyay si loogu xiro shabakadda martigeliyaha.

Doorku waa sidan soo socota: “Magac ayaa tilmaamaya waxaan raadinayno. Cinwaanku wuxuu tilmaamayaa meesha uu joogo. Waddadu waxay tilmaamaysaa sida loo tago halkaas."

Noocyada kala duwan ee cinwaanada IP

Ciwaanka IP Unicast

OK, haddaba aan eegno nooca ugu horreeya ee cinwaanka IP-ga ee qaabka unicast. Ciwaanka gaarka ah waxa uu leeyahay hal interface, waxaana ugu horayn loo adeegsadaa isgaarsiin mid-ka-mid ah. Intaa waxaa dheer, cinwaanka IP-ga Unicast^{(Unicast IP)} waxaa loo isticmaalaa in loogu diro xirmooyinka martigeliyaha la doortay ee shabakadda.

Cinwaanka IP-ga ee Multicast

Hagaag^(Alright) markaa, markaa kani xoogaa wuu ka duwan yahay marka loo eego Unicast hal qaab oo muhiim ah. Halkii ay ku koobnaan lahayd isgaarsiin mid-ka-mid ah, waxay awood u leedahay isgaarsiin hal-ilaa-badan ah. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa loo isticmaalaa kooxaha Multicast .

Waxaad arkaysaa, marka ciwaanka Multicast IP uu ku jiro ciyaarta, router-yadu waxay soo diraan nuqullo baakidh ah interface-ka uu leeyahay martigeliyaha u diiwaangashan ciwaanka kooxda Multicast . Keliya martigeliyaha waa inuu helaa fariinta ayaa ka baaraandegi doona xirmooyinka, halka kuwa kalena ay si toos ah u tuuri doonaan.

Baahiyo ciwaannada IP

Nooca ugu dambeeya ee cinwaanka IP-ga waxaan rabnaa inaan eegno halkan waa Broadcast IP . Waxa loo isticmaalaa in lagu diro macluumaadka dhammaan meelaha suurtogalka ah ee loo heli karo shabakad. Farriin kasta oo lagu soo diro ciwaanka Broadcast IP-ga^{(Broadcast IP)} waxaa heli kara dhammaan martigeliyayaasha ku xiran shabakadda.

Hadda, haddii aad xiisaynayso inaad daawato ciwaanka Broadcast IP-ga ee kumbuyuutarkaaga ^{(Broadcast IP)}Windows , markaa waxaad u baahan tahay inaad furto Command Prompt , ka dib koobi oo dheji kuwan soo socda:

ipconfig /all

Marka taas la sameeyo, waa inaad hadda aragtaa dhammaan macluumaadka aad raadineysay.

Noocyada kala duwan ee cinwaanada IP

Waxa aan soo uruurinay, waxaa jira shan nooc oo cinwaanada IP sida ay u qeexeen TCP/IP . Waxay kala yihiin: fasalka A, B, C, D, iyo E. Waa^{(E. One)} in la ogaadaa in fasal kasta uu leeyahay cinwaanno IP oo kala duwan oo ansax ah.

Waxaad arkaysaa, ciwaanada IP-ga ee fasalada A, B, iyo C, waxa loo isticmaali karaa marar badan, laakiin ugu horrayn ciwaannada martida loo yahay. Marka la eego heerka D^{(Class D)} , waxaa loogu talagalay Multicast , halka E uu leeyahay ujeedo tijaabo ah oo dheeraad ah.

Aynu wax badan u kala saarno si aad si fiican u fahanto waxa ay fasaladan cinwaanada IP-ga ka kooban yihiin.

• J:^(A:)  Waxay leedahay qiimaha Octet ee ugu horreeya 0-127, oo leh maaskaro ^(Octet)Subnet ah oo ah 8
• B:  Waxay leedahay qiimaha Octet ee ugu horreeya 128-191, oo leh maaskaro ^(Octet)Subnet ah oo ah 16
• C:  Waxay leedahay qiimaha Octet ee ugu horreeya 192-223, oo leh maaskaro ^(Octet)Subnet ah oo ah 23
• D:  Waxay leedahay qiimaha Octet ee ugu horreeya 224-239, oo leh maaskaro ^(Octet)Subnet -ka ah -
• E:  Waxay leedahay qiimaha Octet -ka ugu horreeya 240-55, oo leh maaskaro ^(Octet)Subnet -ka ah -

Haddii aad wax su'aalo ah qabtid, fadlan si xor ah noogu dhaaf faallooyinka hoose.

Akhri soo socda^{(Read next)} : Sida loo helo cinwaanka IP-ga ee router.^{(How to find the Router IP address.)}

Types and Classes of IP addresses explained

When you uѕe your computer to go on the internet, this task cannot be accomplished without an IP address. You could try if you want, but the results will always be the same, which is, no internet connection, period.

Now, not everyone knows the basics of an IP address. With all of that in mind, we have decided to explain what an IP address is, and the three types of IP addresses found in computers and networks. As it stands right now, you should have a basic knowledge of what an IP address is and three types of such addresses by the end of the article.

What is an IP Address?

An IP address, also known as an Internet Protocol address, is a classifying number for computers connected to a network. When an IP address is active, it simply means the primary computing device will have the ability to communicate with other devices over an IP-based network.

There are multiple versions of the Internet Protocol, but the most known as IPv4 and IPv6. We should point out that IPv4 defines an IP address as a 32-bit number, while IPv6 defines an IP address as a 128-bit number.

Additionally, folks should know that IP addresses are written and displayed in human-readable form, hence the numbers.

What is the function of an IP address?

It’s simple. From our deep understanding, the IP address is designed to identify the network interface, and from there, delivers the location of the host computer in the network. Once that is done, a pathway is created to connect the network with the host.

The role is as follows: “A name indicates what we seek. An address indicates where it is. A route indicates how to get there.”

Different Types of IP addresses

Unicast IP address

OK, so let us look at the first type of IP address in the form of unicast. This particular address has a single interface, and it is primarily used for one-to-one communications. Additionally, the Unicast IP address is used to send packets to a chosen host on the network.

Multicast IP address

Alright then, so this one is a bit different when compared to Unicast in one significant way. Instead of being limited to one-to-one communications, it is capable of one-to-many communication. Furthermore, it is used for Multicast groups.

You see, when a Multicast IP address is in play, the routers send out copies of a packet to the interface that has a host subscribed to the Multicast group address. Only the host who should receive the message will process the packets, while others will automatically discard them.

Broadcast IP addresses

The final type of IP address we want to look at here is Broadcast IP. It is used to send information to all possible destinations that are available to a network. Any message sent via the Broadcast IP address can be received by all hosts attached to the network.

Now, if you’re interested in viewing the Broadcast IP address on your Windows computer, then you need to open the Command Prompt, then copy and paste the following:

ipconfig /all

Once that is done, you should now see all the information you’ve been looking for.

Different Classes of IP addresses

From what we’ve gathered, there are five classes of IP addresses as defined by TCP/IP. They are: class A, B, C, D, and E. One should note that each class has a range of valid IP addresses.

You see, the IP addresses of classes A, B, and C, can be used in many instances, but primarily for host addresses. In terms of Class D, it is designed for Multicast, while E has a more experimental purpose.

Let us break things down some more so you can have a better understanding of what these classes of IP addresses entail.

• A: It has a first Octet value of 0-127, with a Subnet mask of 8
• B: It has a first Octet value of 128-191, with a Subnet mask of 16
• C: It has a first Octet value of 192-223, with a Subnet mask of 23
• D: It has a first Octet value of 224-239, with a Subnet mask of –
• E: It has a first Octet value of 240-55, with a Subnet mask of –

If you have any questions, please feel free to leave a comment below.

Read next: How to find the Router IP address.

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