Qaar ka mid ah faylalka dhijitaalka ah, sida heesaha, ebook-yada, iyo ciyaaraha fiidyaha, ayaa loo qaabeeyey si looga ilaaliyo macaamilka inuu koobiyeeyo, la wadaago, ama u isticmaalo qalab kale oo aan ahayn kii loo soo iibsaday. Tani waxay badanaa abuuri kartaa xanaaqa adoo ka wakiil ah macaamilka. Markaad bixinayso lacag aad u kasbato alaabta, waxaad rabtaa inaad awood u yeelatid inaad ku sameyso wax kasta oo aad rabto.

Iibsashada barnaamijkan oo kale waxay inta badan kaa tagi kartaa inaad dareento khiyaamo, sida haddii aad soo iibsatay alaab jaban ama aan dhammaystirnayn. Runtu waxa ay tahay in lagu xaddiday D igital R xadaynta/ Rights M anagement ^(R)(^(M) DRM).

Laakiin waa maxay DRM ? Maqaalkan waxaan kugu caawin doonaa inaad fahanto fikradda iyo waxa ay adiga kugu tahay.

Waa maxay DRM?^{(What Is DRM?)}

Maareynta Xuquuqda Dijital ah^{(Digital Rights Management)} waa erey fog oo tixraacaya xaddidaadyada tignoolajiyada ee xakameynaya waxa isticmaalayaashu ku samayn karaan warbaahinta dhijitaalka ah. Tani waxay ka dhigan tahay in kontoroolka isticmaalka laga saarayo qofka leh waxa ku jira oo la geliyo "gacmaha" barnaamijka kombiyuutarka. 

DRM waa nidaam laba qaybood ah. Qaybta hore waa sirta si loo ilaaliyo waxa ku jira lafteeda. Midda labaad waa in la hubiyo in isticmaalayaasha idman kaliya ay furi karaan faylasha iyagoo isticmaalaya nidaamka aqoonsiga. Markaad iibsanayso badeecad ay ilaaliso DRM , waxaad tahay, nuxur ahaan, iibsanaya wax cilladaysan ama aan dhamaystirnayn.

Tani waxay siinaysaa isticmaalayaasha DRM awood badan oo ku saabsan wax soo saarka iyo qaybinta warbaahinta. Waxaa jira codsiyo iyo habab aan dhammaad lahayn oo loo isticmaali karo in la geliyo DRM sida server-ka xaddidaya gelitaanka ebook-ka iyadoo lagu salaynayo xannibaad uu sameeyay qofka haysta xuquuqda daabacaada ama xaddidaya tirada nuqullada aad ka samayn karto DVD .

Tani waxay u ekaan kartaa mid xad dhaaf ah marka loo eego aragtida macaamilka laakiin DRM ayaa meesha u jirta si loo xakameeyo waxyeelada budhcad-badeednimada. Shabakadaha wadaaga faylalka ayaa ka dhigay sharcigii xuquuq-lahaaneed mid dhaqan ahaan duugoobay. Mar kasta oo uu qof ka soo dejiyo MP3 ama faylka fiidiyooga ee alaabada xuquuqda daabacaada leh ee ka yimid website-ka faylka wadaaga ah ee bilaashka ah, shirkadda ama istuudiyaha masuulka ka ah badeecada asalka ah ayaa lumisa lacag.

Waa wax aan macquul ahayn in la isku dayo oo lagu dacweeyo qof kasta oo ku jabiya sharciga sidan oo kale intarneedka, markaa DRM waa habka shirkadu u xaqiijiso xoogaa xakamaynta alaabtooda.

Heerarka DRM^{(DRM Standards)}

DRM hadda ma laha heerarka warshadaha oo dhan. Shirkado badan oo dhijitaal ah ayaa doortay ilaalinta DRM si loo hubiyo in isticmaalayaashu aysan koobi karin, daabacin, beddeli karin ama wareejin karin, muddada. Walaaca ugu weyn ee ka soo horjeeda DRM waa in isbeddellada DRM ee hadda jira , dhab ahaantii, ay ka sarreeyaan ilaalinta lagu bixiyo sharciga dhaqanka ee xuquuqda daabacaada.

Doodaha kale ee ka dhanka ah Maareynta Xuquuqda Dijital ah^{(Digital Rights Management)} waa qarsoodiga isticmaalaha, ikhtiraacida tignoolajiyada, iyo isticmaal cadaalad ah. Sida uu dhigayo sharciga xuquuqda daabacaada ee hadda jira, isticmaalka cadaalada ah waxa uu siinayaa macaamilka xaqa uu u leeyahay in uu sameeyo nuqulo ka mid ah waxyaabaha ay xaqa u leeyihiin si uu isagu isticmaalo. Iibka Kowaad^{(First Sale)} , xaqa uu u leeyahay in uu dib u iibiyo waxyaabaha dhijitaalka ah ee la soo iibsaday, iyo Muddada xaddidan,^{(Limited Term,)} dhicitaanka xuquuqda daabacaadda ka dib muddo cayiman, waa caqiido sidoo kale dhinac u maray isticmaalka DRM .

Iibiyeyaasha qolo saddexaad ma awoodaan inay horumariyaan agab software-gaar ah iyo plug-ins haddii koodhka kombayutarka software-kaas uu si aan xad lahayn u ilaalinayo DRM . Isla sidaas oo kale, macaamiishu ma awoodaan inay si sharci ah ugu dhejiyaan qalabkooda haddii uu ilaaliyo nidaamka DRM ee mamnuucaya beddelka.

Sida Loo Hubiyo Sireeynta DRM^{(How To Check For DRM Encryption)}

Maalmahan, inta badan waxyaabaha dhijitaalka ah ee la bixiyo waa DRM-ilaaliyo. Waxay u badan tahay inaad la kulanto marka aad iibsanayso muqaal/DVD dhijitaalka ah, faylalka muusiga, iyo ebooks.

Si loo eego haddii alaabtaada ay ilaalisay DRM :

Audio/Video File

1. Midig ku dhufo faylka warbaahinta
2. Dooro Guryaha^(Properties) .
3. U gudub tabka Faahfaahinta .^{(Details )}
4. Raadi ilaalin^(Protected) . Haa^{(Yes )} ama Maya^{(No )} ee midigta ayaa ku ogeysiin doona haddii feylku ka kooban yahay ilaalinta DRM .

Ebooks iTunes^{(iTunes eBooks)}

1. Ka dooro eBook ka maktabadaada iTunes.
2. U gudub File > Get Info .
3. Fur tabka Kooban^{(Summary )}
4. Ku yaal meel u dhow Kind waxaad arki doontaa buug^(Book) , buug la iibsaday^{(Purchased Book)} , ama buug la ilaaliyo^{(Protected Book)} . Labada hore waa bilaash DRM , halka kan dambe uu yahay DRM -la ilaaliyo.

Saxanadaha DVD-ga^{(DVD Discs)}

Kaliya waa inaad ku iibsatay DVD awood rasmi ah si aad u ogaato in uu DRM- ilaaliyo. Tani waxay u socotaa iibsiyada lagu sameeyo onlayn iyo offline labadaba.

Calaamado dhawr ah oo sheeko-sheeko ah oo muujinaya in DVD-ga^(DVD) laga yaabo inuu DRM-ilaaliyo waa:

• Xuddunta gudaha ee saxanku waxay leedahay qoraal xuquuqda daabacaada;
• Baakadu waxay ku timaadaa kiis balaastiig ah oo leh 2-3 spades (dharka dahabka ah) waxayna ku xidhan tahay cellophane;
• Waxaad helaysaa ogeysiis xuquuqda daabacaadda bilowga filimka.

Waxaa jira siyaabo kale, laakiin kuwani waa kuwa ugu fudud si loo go'aamiyo haddii DVD-ga^(DVD) la ilaaliyo.

Mustaqbalka DRM^{(The Future of DRM)}

Budhcad^(Piracy) -badeednimadu uma eka inay hoos u dhacayso khad-la'aan ama khadka, markaa DRM runtii waxtar ma leedahay? Waxa horeba u jiray qalab software badan oo dhaafi kara oo xataa ka saari kara ilaalinta DRM^{(DRM-protection)} .

Maaddaama DRM ay sii waddo in ay noqoto mid la jaan-qaadaya dhammaan warshadaha dhijitaalka ah, waxa aynu la yaabnay in nidaam kasta oo DRM uu qancin karo kuwa haysta xuquuqda daabacaada iyo macaamiisha. Dib u eegis dheeraad ah oo lagu sameeyo waxa mustaqbalka noqon doona waxa lagu soo koobi karaa waxa ay khubaradu ugu yeedhaan xisaabinta^{(Trusted Computing)} la aamini karo . 

Computing la aamini^(Computing) karo waa halka uu kombiyuuterku si joogto ah ugu dhaqmi doono siyaabaha la filayo ee ay xoojiyaan qalabka kombayutarka iyo software-ka. Tani waxay hubinaysaa ilaalinta xuquuqda daabacaada ee wax soo saarka si loo iibsado si loo isticmaalo. Kumbuyuutarada ayaa si toos ah u ogaan doona waxa isticmaaluhu awoodo ama aanu si sharci ah ku samayn karin qayb ka mid ah ka dibna u dhaqmi doona si waafaqsan.

Tani waa seef laba-af leh oo loogu talagalay macaamiisha. Dhinac, waxaad leedahay xuquuq isticmaale, taasoo si weyn loo joojin doono. Dhanka kale, adoo qaadanaya heerarka DRM , macaamiishu waxay fiicnaan doonaan ugu yaraan qayb ahaan, sababtoo ah DRM -encoded media waxay ku ciyaari doontaa dhammaan noocyada qalabka.

OTT Explains : What Is DRM?

Some digital files, such as songs, ebooks, and vіdeo games, are designed to prevent the consumer from copying, sharing, or using them on a different device other than the one іt was purchased for. This can often create irritation on behalf of the conѕumer. When paying hard eаrned money for a prоduct, you want to be able to do whatever you want with it.

Purchasing such a program can often leave you feeling cheated, as if you’ve procured a broken or incomplete product. The truth is that you’re being restricted by Digital Restrictions/Rights Management (DRM).

But what is DRM? In this article we’ll help you understand the concept and what it means to you.

What Is DRM?

Digital Rights Management is a far-reaching term which refers to the technological restrictions that control what users can do with digital media. This means usage control is removed from the person who owns the content and places it into the “hands” of a computer program. 

DRM is a two-part scheme. The first part is the encryption to protect the content itself. The second is to ensure that only authorized users can unlock the files using an authentication system. When purchasing a product protected by DRM, you are, in essence, buying a defective or incomplete good.

This provides DRM-users a lot of control over production and distribution of media. There are endless applications and methods that can be used to insert DRM such as a server restricting access to an ebook based on constraints set by the copyright holder or limiting the number of copies you can make of a DVD.

This may seem overly restrictive from a consumer point of view but DRM is in place to curb the detriments of piracy. File-sharing networks have made traditional copyright law obsolete in practice. Whenever someone downloads an MP3 or video file of a copyrighted product from a free file-sharing website, the company or studio responsible for the original product loses money.

It is impractical to try and sue every person who breaks the law in this way on the internet, so DRM is a company’s way of asserting some control over their product.

DRM Standards

DRM does not currently have industry-wide standards. Many digital companies have chosen DRM protection to ensure that users can’t copy, print, alter or transfer material, period. The biggest concern for opponents to DRM is that current DRM trends, in fact, surpass protections afforded under traditional copyright law.

Other arguments against Digital Rights Management are user privacy, technological innovation, and fair use. Under current copyright law, fair use gives the consumer the right to make copies of copyrighted content for self use. First Sale, the right to resell purchased digital content, and Limited Term, expiration of copyright after a certain time period, are doctrines that are also side-stepped by the use of DRM.

Third-party vendors are unable to develop software-specific products and plug-ins if the computer code in that software is indefinitely protected by DRM. On that same note, consumers are unable to legally tinker with their own hardware if it’s protected by a DRM scheme that prohibits alteration.

How To Check For DRM Encryption

Nowadays, most paid digital content is DRM-protected. You’re likely to come across it when purchasing a digital video/DVD, music files, and ebooks.

To see if your product has been protected by DRM:

Audio/Video File

1. Right-click the media file.
2. Select Properties.
3. Navigate to the Details tab.
4. Look for Protected. The Yes or No to the right will let you know if the file contains DRM protection.

iTunes eBooks

1. Select the eBook from your iTunes library.
2. Navigate to File > Get Info.
3. Open the Summary tab.
4. Located near Kind you’ll see either Book, Purchased Book, or Protected Book. The former two are DRM free, while the latter is DRM-protected.

DVD Discs

You only have to have purchased a DVD in an official capacity to know that it is DRM-protected. This goes for both purchases made online and offline.

A few tell-tale signs that a DVD may be DRM-protected are:

• The inner hub of the disc has a copyright inscription;
• The packaging comes in a plastic case with 2-3 spades (jewel casing) and is sealed in cellophane;
• You receive a copyright notice at the beginning of the film.

There are other ways, but these are the easiest to determine if a DVD is protected.

The Future of DRM

Piracy doesn’t seem to be slowing down either offline or online, so is DRM really effective? There are already many software tools that can bypass and even remove DRM-protection.

As DRM continues to become standardized across digital industries, we’re left to wonder whether any DRM system can satisfy both copyright holders and consumers. A further look into what the future holds can be summed up by what experts call Trusted Computing. 

Trusted Computing is where a computer will consistently behave in expected ways that are enforced by computer hardware and software. This ensures the protection of copyrighted content from production to purchase to use. Computers will automatically know what the user can and cannot legally do with a piece of content and then act accordingly.

This is a double-edged sword for consumers. On one hand, you have user rights, which will be greatly inhibited. On the other, by adopting the DRM standards, consumers will be better off at least in part, because DRM-encoded media will play on all types of equipment.

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