Raadinta Ray^(Ray) waa qaab horumarsan oo garaafyo kumbuyuutar ah oo u ekaysiinaya habka iftiinka u shaqeeyo nolosha dhabta ah. Waxay abuuri kartaa sawiro kombuyuutar oo si dhab ah u muuqda sawir-qaadis.

Waagii hore, raadinta raajooyinka waxay ku koobnayd mashruucyo garaafyo kombuyuutar oo waaweyn, sida filimada Hollywood CG . Hadda waxa laga helaa ciyaaraha PC iyo dhawaan, jiilka soo socda ee ciyaaraha consoles.

Si loo fahmo sababta ay tani dad badani ugu faraxsan yihiin, waxaan u baahanahay inaan is barbar dhigno garaafyada raajo-raadinta iyo habka samaynta garaafyada caadiga ah ee la isticmaalayey ilaa hadda: rasterization.

Rasterization vs Ray Baafinta^{(Rasterization vs Ray Tracing)}

Garaafyada kumbuyuutarka ee waqtiga-dhabta ah ee casriga ah waxay u muuqdaan kuwo cajiib ah! Way adag tahay in la qiyaaso in ay wax ku leedahay garaafyada 3D ee aasaasiga ah ee labaatan ama soddon sano ka hor. Xaqiiqdu waxay tahay in console sida Playstation 1 iyo Playstation-ka hadda jira 4^{(Playstation 4)} ay isticmaalaan hab isku mid ah oo lagu soo bandhigo sawirada 3D ka dibna ku dheji shaashaddaada 2D.

Tan waxaa loo yaqaan rasterization . "Raster" waa sawir lagu muujiyay sida shabaqlaha pixels, kaas oo ah sida dhabta ah waxa shaashaddaadu soo bandhigto. Rasterization waa habka loo beddelo muuqaalka 3D ee sawirka 2D ee shaashadda. 

Tani waxay u baahan tahay in la sameeyo, sababtoo ah goobta 3D waa, si fiican, 3D. Waxay leedahay qoto dheer, sidaas darteed walxaha casriga ah waxay u gudbi karaan midba midka kale oo laga eegi karo dhinac kasta. Inta lagu jiro nidaamka rasterization, kombuyuutarku waa inuu gartaa sida uu muuqaalkaasi u ekaan lahaa haddii shaashaddaadu asal ahaan daaqad u noqon lahayd adduunka 3D.

Nolosha dhabta ah, muuqaalku wuxuu leeyahay muuqaal iyo iftiin, iyo sidoo kale qaabka, qoto dheer iyo xajmiga. Maadaama iftiinka iftiinka uu dhaqan ahaan qaatay awood ka badan kombuyuutar kasta oo gurigu awood u leeyahay, barnaamij-bixiyeyaashu waxay abuureen khiyaamo iyo jid-gaabyo si ay u abuuraan wax u dhow iftiinka dhabta ah, midabka iyo midabka iyagoo isticmaalaya habkan rasterization.

Raadinta Raysku^(Ray) waa, hal si, aad uga fudud. Halkii aad isku dayi lahayd inaad isticmaasho liis dheer oo khiyaamo ah si aad u abuurto dhalanteedka iftiinka dhabta ah, waxay u ekaysiisaa iftiinka dhabta ah beddelkeeda. Hadda kombuyuutarku waa inuu gartaa sida uu u ekaan lahaa goobta lagu arkay "daaqadda" ee shaashaddaada, kaliya wuxuu wadaa jilitaanka raajada oo dhammaan way wada shaqeeyaan.

Dunida dhabta ah, fallaadhaha iftiinka ee ishaada soo galaya ayaa ka soo booday wax kasta oo kale oo aad fiirineyso ka hor intaysan gaarin ishaada. Raadinta^(Ray) raajo waxay ku gaadhaa isla natiijada hab wax ku ool ah. Waxay tan ku samaynaysaa iyada oo ka toogaysa "rays" la ekaan oo iftiin ah "kameerada" oo u oggolaanaysa inay ku soo boodo goobta farsamada, iyada oo soo qaadanaysa midabka iyo iftiinka macluumaadka ee waddada. Shaashadaadu waxay u taagan tahay isha wax-soo-saarka ah, si aad u aragto adduun dhab ah oo macquul ah.

Adigoo isticmaalaya raadraaca rayiga, hal farsamo ayaa abuurta walxo, milicsi, hadh iyo walxo kale oo muuqaal ah oo u muuqda mid dhab ah. Xaqiiqdaasi waxay u dhacdaa si dabiici ah natiijada jilitaanka, looma baahna khiyaamo ama jid-gaabyo loo baahan yahay!

Halkee Kala Kulmi Kartaa Raadinta Ray^{(Where To Experience Ray Tracing)}

Haddii aad rabto in aad aragto raad-raaca raajada oo ficil ah, waxa kaliya ee ay tahay in aad sameyso waa daawashada filim kasta oo casri ah oo isticmaala sawirada kombuyuutarku soo saaray. Haddii aad daawato filimka CG sida Toy Story 4 , wax kasta oo aad aragto waa wax soo saarka raajada. 

Haddii aad rabto in aad sahamiso adduun raad-raac is-dhexgal leh, hadda waxaa magaalada ka jira hal ciyaar oo keliya. Taxanaha RTX ee Nvidia GPUs^{(RTX series of Nvidia GPUs)} , oo ay la socdaan ciyaaraha fiidiyowga iyo barnaamijyada taageera tignoolajiyadan. Waxaad ku socodsiin kartaa qaar ka mid ah codsiyada raadinta raajo qalab aan RTX ahayn, laakiin ma heli doontid waxqabad wanaagsan. Hubi inaad hubiso maqaalkeena ciyaaraha ugu fiican ee muujinaya qalabka RTX^{(best games that show off RTX hardware)} .

Dhibaatadu waxay tahay in qalabka RTX uu wali qaali yahay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, jiilka soo socda ee consoles-yada ciyaarta fiidyaha ayaa leh nooc ka mid ah taageerada raadinta raajo. Taas oo macnaheedu yahay in ciyaaraha guud ee adduunka laga yaabo inay gacan ka geystaan ​​u beddelashada raajo-raadinta farsamada ciyaaraha weyn ee soo socota. Weli, haddii raajo-raadinta ay aad u adag tahay in la sameeyo wakhtiga dhabta ah, sidee bay GPU-^(GPUs) yadan cusub u maareeyaan?

Sidee Loo Helaa Raadinta Wakhtiga Dhabta Ah?^{(How Is Real Time Ray Tracing Achieved?)}

Kumbuyuutar kastaa wuxuu samayn karaa muuqaal 3D isagoo isticmaalaya raad-raaca raajo. Dadka ka shaqeeya xirmooyinka wax siinta 3D waxay samaynayeen sanado. CPU kasta oo casri ah ayaa samayn kara xisaabinta dhabta ah ee loo baahan yahay si loo raad raaco dariiqa iftiinka ee agagaarka goobta.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, CPU-yada^(CPUs) casriga ah iyo GPU^(GPUs) -yada si dhakhso leh uma burburin karaan tirooyinkaas si ay u abuuraan muuqaal wakhtiga dhabta ah. Tusaale ahaan, beeraha kombuyuutarrada waaweyn ee loo isticmaalo samaynta filimada sida Monsters Inc ama Toy Story waxay qaataan saacado si ay u sameeyaan hal qaab oo ka mid ah alaabta ugu dambeysa. 

Ciyaaraha fiidyaha casriga ah, marka la barbardhigo, waxay u baahan yihiin inay soo saaraan ugu yaraan soddon gogo 'oo sawir ilbidhiqsi kasta si loogu tixgeliyo in la ciyaari karo, iyadoo heerka dahabka hadda la dejiyay agagaarka 60 fareemood halkii labaad.

Marka sidee GPU-yada sida taxanaha Nvidia RTX u maamuli karaan inay adeegsadaan habka raajo-raadinta ee heerar la ciyaari karo? Jawaabtu waa in aysan u isticmaalin raadinta raajo wax kasta. Ugu yaraan maaha in cinwaannada casriga ah.

Khiyaamada ayaa ah in la isku daro garaafyada dhaqanka iyo raadinta raajo-doorasho. Kaararka RTX waxay leeyihiin qalab raad-raac raajo u go'ay oo la fadhiya ^(RTX)GPU dhaqameed badan . Sidan, ray-raadinta waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu kabo qaar ka mid ah cilladaha qalabka garaafyada dhaqameed.

Waxaa jira^(are) ciyaaro fiidiyoow ah oo aad ku ciyaari karto kaarka RTX kaasoo si buuxda loo raad raacay. Tusaalaha ugu fiican waa Quake II RTX . Tani waa ciyaar fiidiyoow oo tobanaan sano jir ah taas oo fudud ku filan in raadraaca raajo-waqtiga buuxa ay suurtagal tahay. Markay timaaddo adeegsiga raajo-raadinta saafiga ah ciyaaraha fiidyaha ee hadda, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay weli ahaan doontaa sannado ka hor intaan qalabka noocan ahi noqon mid guud.

Ray baafinayaa mustaqbalka?^{(Is Ray Tracing the Future?)}

Jawaabta oo kooban waa haa, raadraaca raajo waa mustaqbalka. Jawaabta dheer ayaa ah in sida qalabka sahlaya raadinta wakhtiga dhabta ah ee suurtogalka ah uu noqdo mid ka raqiisan, waxaan u badan tahay inaan arki doonno inuu xoogaa xoogaa beddelo wax qabad dhaqameed. Haddii garaafyada raajo-raadiska ay noqdaan qayb caadi ah oo ka mid ah jiilka console-ka cusub, dib u soo noqon maayo.

Horumariyayaashu waxay si badbaado leh ugu dari karaan sifooyin raadraaca raajo magacyadooda, sababtoo ah dhammaan goobaha caanka ah ayaa taageeri doona. Maaddaama garaafyada raajo-raadiska ahi ay ka sarreeyaan, xiddiguhu runtii waxay la jaan qaadayaan imaatinka raajo-raadinta qalabka la awoodi karo. Taas oo macnaheedu yahay in sawir-qaadaha dhabta ah ee dhabta ah uu ugu dambeyntii halkan joogi karo. 

Calaamadda kale ee ugu weyn ee raad-raacu noqon doonto habka wax-soo-saarka guud waa sida hadda loogu daray agabyada guud ee horumariyayaashu u adeegsadaan samaynta ciyaaraha fiidyaha iyo codsiyada kale ee 3D. Si kale haddii loo dhigo, hadda lagama maarmaan ma aha horumariyayaashu in ay hindisaan xalal-raadinta raajo iyaga u gaar ah.

Matoorada garaafyada caanka ah sida Unreal Engine 4 ama Frostbite hadda waxaa ku jira taageerada raad-raacida qalabka RTX ee dardar-gelinta raajo. Ka dhigista inay aad ugu dhowdahay in horumariyayaashu ay ku dari doonaan ikhtiyaarka cinwaanadooda.

Hadda ma tahay inaad iibsatid Raadinta Ray?^{(Should You Buy Into Ray Tracing Now?)}

Waqtiga qorista, waxaan wali joognaa jiilkii ugu horreeyay ee qalabka raadraaca raajo. Iyadoo qiimuhu hoos u dhacay, waxqabadku wali waa mid dhexdhexaad ah. Haddii aad tahay qof adag, hore u korsaday markaas waxaa jira wax badan oo aad jeceshahay oo ku saabsan raadinta ray-ga PC.

Haddii aadan diyaar u ahayn inaad boqolaal ama kun oo doolar ku kharash garayso sidii korsad hore, waxa fiican inaad maalgeliso jiilka soo socda ee consoles-yada caadiga ah kuwaas oo ballan qaadaya inay soo bandhigaan tignoolajiyada, ama aad sugto beddelka kaadhadhka taxanaha RTX 20.^(RTX)

OTT Explains: What Is Ray Tracing?

Ray tracing is an advanced form of computer graphics that simulates thе way light works in real life. It cаn create computer graphіcs that look truly photoreаlistic.

In the past, ray tracing was limited to massive computer graphics projects, such as Hollywood CG films. Now it’s found in PC gaming and soon, next generation gaming consoles.

To understand why this has so many people excited, we need to compare ray-traced graphics to the mainstream graphics rendering method that’s been used until now: rasterization.

Rasterization vs Ray Tracing

Modern real-time computer graphics look amazing! It’s hard to imagine that it has anything to do with the basic 3D graphics from twenty or thirty years ago. The truth is that a console like the Playstation 1 and the current Playstation 4 use the same basic method of rendering 3D graphics and then putting it on your 2D screen.

This is known as rasterization. A “raster” is an image shown as a grid of pixels, which is exactly what your screen displays. Rasterization is the process of converting a 3D scene into a 2D image on a screen. 

This needs to be done, because the 3D scene is, well, 3D. It has depth, so the virtual objects can move past each other and be looked at from any point of view. In the process of rasterization, the computer has to figure out what that scene would look like if your screen was basically a window into that 3D world.

In real life, a scene has texture and lighting, as well as shape, depth and size. Since simulating light has traditionally taken more computer power than any home computer is capable of, programmers have created tricks and shortcuts to create something that looks close to real light, color and texture using this process of rasterization.

Ray tracing is, in one way, much simpler. Instead of trying to use a long list of tricks to create the illusion of real ight, it simulates real light instead. Now when the computer has to figure out what the scene would look like seen through the “window” of your screen, it just runs the ray tracing simulation and it all works out.

In the real world, the rays of light entering your eye have bounced off everything else you are looking at before reaching your retinas. Ray tracing achieves the same result in a more efficient way. It does this by shooting simulated “rays” of light from the “camera” and letting it bounce around the virtual scene, picking up color and brightness information on the way. Your screen represents the virtual eye, so you see a truly realistic virtual world.

By using ray tracing, a single technique creates objects, reflections, shadows and other elements of a scene that look real. That realism happens naturally as a result of the simulation, no tricks or shortcuts needed!

Where To Experience Ray Tracing

If you want to see ray tracing in action, all you have to do is watch any modern movie that uses computer-generated graphics. If you watch a CG film such as Toy Story 4, everything you’re seeing is a product of ray tracing. 

If you want to explore an interactive ray-traced world, there’s currently only one game in town. The RTX series of Nvidia GPUs, along with video games and apps that support this technology. You can run some ray-tracing applications with non-RTX hardware, but you won’t get good performance. Be sure to check out our article on the best games that show off RTX hardware.

The problem is that RTX hardware is still quite expensive. However, the upcoming generation of video game consoles have a form of ray-tracing support. Which means that the mainstream gaming world may help turn ray-tracing into the next major gaming technology. Still, if ray-tracing is so difficult to do in real time, how do these new GPUs manage it?

How Is Real Time Ray Tracing Achieved?

Any computer can render a 3D scene using ray tracing. People who work with 3D rendering packages have been doing it for years. Any modern CPU can perform the actual calculations needed to trace the path of light around the scene.

However, modern CPUs and GPUs can’t crunch those numbers quickly enough to generate an image in real time. For example, the massive computer farms used to make films such as Monsters Inc or Toy Story take hours to render a single frame of the final product. 

Modern video games, by contrast, need to generate at least thirty frames of images every second to be considered playable, with the gold standard currently set around the 60 frames per second mark.

So how can GPUs such as the Nvidia RTX series manage to use the ray-tracing method at playable frame rates? The answer is that they don’t use ray tracing for everything. At least not in modern titles.

The trick is to combine traditional graphics with selective ray-tracing. The RTX cards have dedicated ray-tracing hardware that sits along a more traditional GPU. In this way, ray-tracing can be used to compensate for some of the shortcomings of traditional graphics hardware.

There are video games you can play with an RTX card that are fully ray-traced. The best example is Quake II RTX. This is a decades-old video game that is simple enough that full real-time ray-tracing is possible. When it comes to applying pure ray-tracing to current video games however, it will still be years before such hardware becomes mainstream.

Is Ray Tracing the Future?

The short answer is yes, ray tracing is the future. The longer answer is that as hardware that makes real-time ray tracing possible becomes cheaper, we’ll probably see it replace traditional rendering bit by bit. If ray-traced graphics become a normal part of the new console generation, there will be no going back.

Developers can safely include ray-tracing features in their titles, because all popular platforms will support it. Since ray-traced graphics are superior, the stars really are aligning for the arrival of ray-tracing on affordable hardware. Which means that true photorealism may finally be here. 

The other major sign that ray-tracing will become a mainstream rendering method is how it’s now being included in the common tools that developers use to make video games and other 3D applications. In other words, it’s no longer necessary for developers to invent their own ray-tracing solutions.

Popular graphics engines such as Unreal Engine 4 or Frostbite now include support for RTX hardware-accelerated ray-tracing. Making it much more likely that developers will include it as an option for their titles.

Should You Buy Into Ray Tracing Now?

At the time of writing, we are still at the first-generation of ray-tracing hardware. While prices have come down, performance is still pretty mediocre. If you’re a hardcore, early adopter then there’s plenty to like about ray-tracing on PC.

If you aren’t willing to spend hundreds or thousands of dollars as an early adopter, it’s better to invest in the next generation of mainstream consoles which promise to feature the technology, or wait for the successor to the RTX 20-series cards.

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