Waxa ugu muhiimsan uguna khatarta badan kombuyuutar kasta waa darawalka adag. Khatar^(Dangerous) , maaha sababtoo ah khatar kasta oo jireed, laakiin sababtoo ah xogta ay hayso. Xogta gaarka^(Privacy) ah, dukumeentiyada muhiimka ah, sawiro xasaasi ah - waa suurtogal in ay wada haysato. Taasi waa sababta ay muhiim u tahay inaad si badbaado leh u tirtirto darawallada adag ee aadan hadda isticmaalin.

Ha aaminin qalabka aasaasiga ah ee habaynta ee uu ku jiro nidaamkaaga hawlgalka, si kastaba ha ahaatee. Xaaladaha intooda badan, qalabkani ma tirtiri doonaan xogta, taasoo ka dhigeysa suurtogalnimada in faylashaada la soo celiyo. Waxaad wax kaga qaban kartaa dhibaatadan adiga oo 'eber buuxin' darawalka adag, waax kasta. Waa kuwan sida eber loogu buuxiyo dariiqa adag iyadoo la adeegsanayo deegaan ku nool Linux^{(a Linux live environment)} .

Waa maxay sababta aad eber u buuxinayso ^(Fill)Hard Drive

Qaar ka mid ah ereyada farsamada ayaa ah kuwo aad u mugdi badan, laakiin "eber buuxin" macnaheedu waa sax. Bilaw ilaa dhamaad, kaydinta wadida adag waxa ka buuxa eber, iyadoo tirtiraysa raad kasta oo faylal hore oo hoose ah.

Habkan qaabaynta dariiqa adag waa mid aad waxtar u leh, gaar ahaan haddii aad “eber” waduhu dhawr jeer si aad meesha uga saarto raad kasta oo suurtogal ah ee faylashaada. Hababka kale waa suurtagal, oo ay ku jiraan buuxinta wadista jilayaasha aan tooska ahayn, oo ka soo horjeeda eber, laakiin saameyntu waa isku mid.

Hard Drive-ka eber ka buuxo waa wado madhan, taasoo ka dhigaysa mid aan macquul ahayn (ama ku dhowdahay wax aan macquul ahayn inta ay noqon karto) qofna inuu soo ceshado xogtaada. Haddii aad la yaabban tahay in tani ay lagama maarmaan tahay, halkan waxaa ah tusaale tusaale ah.

Waxaad iibisaa PC-gacanta labaad, adigoo habaynaya wadista hawsha, laakiin kaliya waxaad dooranaysaa inaad sameyso qaab "dhakhso ah". Iibsaduhu waxa uu ku shaqeeyaa soo kabashada xogta dariiqa adag, oo hawshaas, waxa uu helayaa sawirada qoyskaaga, ereyada sirta ah ee qoraalka ah, waraaqaha aqoonsiga ee muhiimka ah, iyo in ka badan.

Haddii aad eber buuxiso darawal adag, waxaad meesha ka saaraysaa khatartan gebi ahaanba. Iyadoo laga yaabo inay qaadato dhowr saacadood in la dhammaystiro, waxay kaa badbaadin kartaa dhibaatooyin la taaban karo mustaqbalka.

Abuuritaanka deegaan Live Linux ah

Masixida Hard Drive-ka, naqshad ahaan, waxay la macno tahay inaadan lahaan doonin nidaamka qalliinka ee kuu haray si uu u shaqeeyo. Iyadoo taas maskaxda lagu hayo, waxaad u baahan doontaa inaad isticmaasho Linux Live DVD ama USB si ay kuugu ogolaato inaad eber buuxiso darawal adag. 

Kuwani waa deegaan Linux la qaadan karo oo kuu oggolaanaya inaad tijaabiso qaybinta ka hor intaadan rakibin, laakiin waxaan u adeegsan doonnaa ujeeddo yar oo ka duwan. Ku dhawaad ​​qaybinta Linux kasta (iyo si toos ah Live CD/USB deegaan) waxaa ku jira software-ka aad u baahan tahay si aad eber u buuxiso darawal adag.

Haddii kale, waxaad ku xidhi kartaa darawalkaaga adag kombuyuutar kale oo ku shaqeeya Linux , inkasta oo isticmaalka deegaanka Linux ay kaa ilaalinayso inaad si lama filaan ah u tirtirto darawalka khaldan.

Waxaad isticmaali kartaa bey'adaha ku nool Linux ee horay loo dhisay ee distros-ka caadiga ah sida Ubuntu ama Debian ay bixiyaan, ama samee adiga adiga oo isticmaalaya Linux Live USB abuuraha . Hagahan, waxaanu u isticmaali doonaa deegaanka Linux ee mid ka mid ah qaybinta ^(Linux)Linux ugu caansan – Ubuntu .

• Kumbuyuutar kale, ama ka hor intaadan tirtirin darawalkaaga, u gudub bogga Ubuntu^{(Ubuntu website)} oo soo deji faylka ISO oo ka kooban nooca desktop-ka ee ugu dambeeyay. Tani waxay noqon kartaa sii deynta ugu dambeysay ama sii deynta Taageerada Muddada Dheer^{(Term Support)} .
• Marka la soo dejiyo, waxaad u baahan doontaa inaad nuqul ka sameysato waxa ku jira faylkaaga ISO DVD ama USB drive. Haddii aad isticmaalayso USB Drive, soo deji oo ku rakib BalenaEtcher^{(install balenaEtcher)} si ay kuugu oggolaato inaad tan ku sameyso Linux , macOS, ama Windows . Inta kale ee qaybtan waxay u qaadan doontaa inaad u isticmaalayso USB drive deegaankaaga nool ee Ubuntu .

• Fur balenaEtcher oo guji Select Image , doorashada Ubuntu ISO ee habka. Guji ^(Click) Dooro Target^{(Select Target)} oo dooro USB- gaaga . Marka labadaba la doorto, dhagsii Flash si aad u bilowdo inaad nuqul ka sameyso Ubuntu ISO faylasha darawalkaaga.

• Marka BalenaEtcher uu dhammeeyo koobiyaynta faylalka USB- gaaga , si badbaado leh uga saar darawalka, ka dibna dib u bilaw PC-gaaga. Shaashadda rarka ee Ubuntu , dooro Isku day Ubuntu adigoon rakibin^{(Try Ubuntu Without Installing)} . 

Tani waxay kicin doontaa deegaanka nool ee Ubuntu , oo kuu diyaar ah inaad bilowdo inaad eber ka dhigto darawalkaaga adag.

Isticmaalka shred to Zero Buuxi ^{(Zero Fill)}Hard ^{(Hard Drive)}Drive^(Linux) gudaha Linux

Amarka la gooyay ee Linux waa amar gaar ah oo si ammaan ah u tirtiri doona darawalkaaga. Marka deegaankaaga Linux uu kor u kaco (ama mar aad u beddesho rakibaad Linux gaar ah), waxaad amarkan ka socodsiin kartaa terminalka si aad u bilowdo.

Marka hore, waxaad u baahan doontaa inaad aqoonsato darawalka adag ee saxda ah si aad u tirtirto. Fur daaqadda terminal (ku Ctrl+Alt+T kiiboodhkaaga) oo ku qor sudo fdisk -l tol liiska dhammaan qalabka kaydinta ee ku lifaaqan. Hel dariiqaaga adag, adoo calaamadeynaya calaamadda aaladda (tusaale, /dev/sda ).

Marka xigta, waxaad u baahan doontaa inaad socodsiiso amarka shred. Waxaad u habayn kartaa shred si aad u sameyso baas badan, taasoo la macno ah in eber buuxin doonto wadistaada dhawr jeer.

Nooca sudo shred -n 2 -z -v /dev/sda , halka -n ay tahay tirada baasaska, -z waxay eber doontaa darawalkaaga, iyo -v waxay muujin doontaa horumarka jajabinta sida uu u shaqeeyo.

Hubi inaad isticmaashid calaamadda wadista saxda ah^{(Be sure to use the correct drive label)} , adigoo ku beddelaya /dev/sda kaaga. Ma jiraan fursado labaad!

Milkiilayaasha SSD^{(SSD owners)} waa inay isticmaalaan kaarar yar, gaar ahaan haddii aad rabto inaad dib u isticmaasho darawalka. Haddii ay taasi dhacdo, dhig -n calanka 1 , adoo isticmaalaya amarka sudo shred -n 1 -z -v /dev/sda kuna beddel /dev/sda calaamadda qalabka saxda ah.

Markaad diyaar u tahay inaad bilowdo, ku dhufo gal si aad u bilowdo hawsha.

Waxay qaadan doontaa wakhti yar in amarka la gooyay uu eber ka dhigo darawalkaaga adag, gaar ahaan haddii aad ku socoto baas badan. Inta uu sii weynaado waduhu, waa ay dheeraanaysaa muddada ay qaadanayso hawsha in la dhammaystiro. Waxay sidoo kale ku xirnaan doontaa ilaha nidaamka ee laga heli karo PC-gaaga, iyo sidoo kale xawaarahaaga darawalka adag.

Marka la googooyo dhammeeyo samaynta qaabka buuxinta eber ee darawalkaaga, waxay noqon doontaa madhan—muddo. Ka dib waad isticmaali kartaa mar kale ama waad iska tuuri kartaa, iyadoo ku xiran baahidaada.

Tirtir^(Erase) ama Burburi Saamiga Hard^{(Destroy Surplus Hard)} Drive-yada

Haddii aanad maskaxda ku hayn qorshe kaydkaaga aan la isticmaalin, waxaad u baahan tahay mid. Haddi aad eber buuxiso ama aad qoddo, ogaanshaha sida si badbaado leh loo burburiyo dariiqa adag^{(how to safely destroy a hard drive)} waxa ay ku siin kartaa xasilooni maskaxeed, hubinta in xogtaadu ay ka badbaadsan tahay in ay dadka kale xadaan.

Aad bay u adagtahay in laga soo saaro feylasha darawalka adag ee burburay ama burburay, laakiin hubaal waad isku dayi kartaa. Waxaad isku dayi kartaa inaad faylasha ka soo saarto darawal adag oo dhintay^{(extract files from a dead hard drive)} haddii uu si lama filaan ah u guuldareysto, inkasta oo ay had iyo jeer ka wanaagsan tahay inaad kaydiso faylashaada ugu muhiimsan.

Perform a Zero Fill Using a Linux Live CD

The most іmportant and dangerous component in any PC is the hard drive. Dangerous, not because of any physiсаl risk, but because of the data it holds. Privаcy information, іmportant documents, senѕitive pictures—it potentially has it all. That’s why it’s importаnt to safely eraѕe any hard drives you’re no longer using.

Don’t trust the basic formatting tools included with your operating system, however. In most cases, these tools won’t actually erase the data, leaving it possible for your files to be recovered. You can deal with this problem by ‘zero filling’ a hard drive, sector by sector. Here’s how to zero fill a hard drive using a Linux live environment.

Why You Should Zero Fill a Hard Drive

Some technical terms are pretty ambiguous, but “zero fill” means exactly that. From start to finish, your hard drive storage is filled with zeroes, erasing any trace of previous files underneath.

This method of formatting a hard drive is extremely effective, especially if you “zero” a drive multiple times to remove any possible trace of your files. Other methods are possible, including filling the drive with random characters, as opposed to zeroes, but the effect is the same.

A zero filled hard drive is an empty drive, making it impossible (or as close to impossible as it can be) for anybody to retrieve your data. If you’re wondering whether this is necessary, here’s an example scenario.

You sell a second-hand PC, formatting the drive in the process, but only choosing to perform a “quick” format. The purchaser runs data recovery on the hard drive, and in the process, acquires your family photos, plain-text passwords, important identity documents, and more.

If you zero fill a hard drive, you eliminate this risk entirely. While it may take a few hours to complete, it can save you significant problems in the future.

Creating a Linux Live Environment

Wiping a hard drive, by design, means that you won’t have an operating system left to run. With that in mind, you’ll need to use a Linux live DVD or USB to allow you to zero fill a hard drive. 

These are portable Linux environments that allow you to test distributions out before installing them, but we’ll be using them for a slightly different purpose. Almost every Linux distribution (and supplied Live CD/USB environments) includes the software you need to zero fill a hard drive.

Alternatively, you could connect your hard drive to another PC running Linux, although using a Linux live environment prevents you from accidentally wiping the wrong drive.

You can use the pre-built Linux live environments that common distros like Ubuntu or Debian offer, or create your own using the Linux Live USB creator. For this guide, we’ll be using the Linux live environment of one of the most popular Linux distributions – Ubuntu.

• On another PC, or before you wipe your drive, head to the Ubuntu website and download the ISO file containing the latest desktop version. This can be either the latest release or the Long Term Support release.
• Once downloaded, you’ll need to copy the contents of your ISO file to a DVD or USB drive. If you’re using a USB drive, download and install balenaEtcher to allow you to do this on Linux, macOS, or Windows. The rest of this section will assume you’re using a USB drive for your Ubuntu live environment.

• Open balenaEtcher and click Select Image, selecting the Ubuntu ISO in the process. Click Select Target and select your USB drive. Once both are selected, click Flash to begin copying the Ubuntu ISO files to your drive.

• Once balenaEtcher has finished copying the files to your USB drive, safely remove the drive, then restart your PC. At the loading screen for Ubuntu, select Try Ubuntu Without Installing. 

This will boot the Ubuntu live environment, ready for you to begin zeroing your hard drive.

Using shred to Zero Fill a Hard Drive in Linux

The shred command on Linux is a specialist command that will securely erase your drive. Once your Linux live environment has booted up (or once you’ve switched to a separate Linux installation), you can run this command from the terminal to begin.

First, you’ll need to identify the correct hard drive to wipe. Open a terminal window (press Ctrl+Alt+T on your keyboard) and type sudo fdisk -l tol list all of the attached storage devices. Locate your hard drive, taking note of the device label (for example, /dev/sda).

Next, you’ll need to run the shred command. You can customize shred to perform multiple passes, meaning it will zero fill your drive multiple times.

Type sudo shred -n 2 -z -v /dev/sda, where -n is the number of passes, -z will zero your drive, and -v will display the progress of shred as it works.

Be sure to use the correct drive label, replacing /dev/sda with your own. There are no second chances!

SSD owners should use fewer passes, especially if you want to reuse the drive. If that’s the case, set the -n flag to 1, using the command sudo shred -n 1 -z -v /dev/sda and replacing /dev/sda with the correct device label.

Once you’re ready to begin, hit enter to start the process.

It will take some time for the shred command to zero your hard drive, especially if you’re running multiple passes. The larger the drive, the longer the length of time it will take for the process to complete. It will also depend on the system resources available on your PC, as well as your hard drive speed.

Once shred finishes performing a zero fill format on your drive, it will be empty—period. You can then use it again or dispose of it, depending on your own needs.

Erase or Destroy Surplus Hard Drives

If you haven’t got a plan in mind for your unused storage, you need one. Whether you zero fill or drill, knowing how to safely destroy a hard drive can give you peace of mind, ensuring your data is safe from being stolen by others.

It’s pretty difficult to retrieve files from a damaged or destroyed hard drive, but you can certainly try. You can attempt to extract files from a dead hard drive if it fails unexpectedly, although it’s always better to backup your most important files instead.

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