Sugitaanka xogta kombayutarka iyada oo loo marayo software sirtu waxa ay noqotay lama huraan cad ganacsiyo iyo shakhsiyaad badan oo sita macluumaadka xasaasiga ah ee laptop-yadooda ama flash-ka USB . Nasiib darro, dad badan ma xafidaan xogtooda sababtoo ah aad bay u caajiseen ama waxay dareemayaan in xogta xatooyada aysan dhici doonin. Dad badan ayaa si fudud u dareema inaysan haysanin wax kasta oo muhiim ah oo ku kaydsan kombayutarkooda sidaa darteed uma baahna sir.

Sabab kasta ha ahaatee, siraynta xogtaadu aad bay muhiim u tahay. Haddi aad u malaynayso in aad ku kaydsato xogta muhiimka ah kombayutarkaaga iyo hadii kaleba, waxa jira tuugo jecel in ay ka dhex baadho faylalkaaga, sawiradaada, iyo xogtaada si ay waxyeelo u gaadhsiiyaan sida xatooyada aqoonsiga. Xitaa wax aan waxyeello lahayn sida sawirada ayaa loo isticmaali karaa siyaabo aad u xun haddii ay ku jiraan gacmo khaldan.

Ku siraynta dariiqaaga adag ee Windows iyo OS X hadda waa hab fudud oo toosan oo qof kastaa samayn karo, markaa ma jirto sabab aad uga tagto naftaada u furan weeraro suurtagal ah. Maqaalkan, waxaan dhex mari doonaa adeegsiga BitLocker ee Windows iyo FileVault ee OS X si aan u xafido xogtaada.

Markii hore, waxaan ka qoray isticmaalka barnaamij la yiraahdo TrueCrypt , laakiin waxay u muuqataa in mashruuca la joojiyay sababo kala duwan. Barnaamijku waxa uu ahaa mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu caansan ee lagu xafido dariiqaaga adag, laakiin hadda oo aan la taageerin, kuma talineyno in la isticmaalo. Kooxda TrueCrypt xitaa waxay ku talinayaan isticmaalka BitLocker maadaama ay si qurux badan u samayn karto wax kasta oo TrueCrypt awooday inay samayso.

Bitlocker ee Windows

Gudaha Windows Vista , Windows 7 iyo Windows 8 , waxaad shidi kartaa sirta wadista adigoo awood u siinaya BitLocker . Kahor intaanan u galin sida loo awood BitLocker , waxaa jira dhowr shay oo ay tahay inaad marka hore ogaato:

1. BitLocker wuxuu ka shaqeeyaa nooca Ultimate iyo Enterprise ee Windows Vista iyo Windows 7 iyo nooca Pro iyo Enterprise ee Windows 8 iyo Windows 8.1 .

2. Waxaa jira saddex hab oo xaqiijin ah oo ku jira BitLocker : TPM ( Trusted Platform Module ), PIN , iyo furaha USB . Nabadgelyada ugu weyn, waxaad dooneysaa inaad isticmaasho TPM iyo PIN . PIN - ku waa furaha sirta ah ee ay tahay in uu galo isticmaaluhu ka hor habka bootinta.

3. Kumbuyuutarrada da'da ah ee aan taageerin TMP waxay isticmaali karaan oo keliya habka aqoonsiga furaha USB . Tani ma aha mid ammaan ah sida isticmaalka TPM oo wata PIN ama TPM oo wata furaha USB ama TPM oo wata PIN iyo furaha USB labadaba .

4. Waligaa ha ku daabacin furaha kaydka warqad oo meel ku kaydi. Haddii qof, xitaa booliiska, uu heli karo warqaddaas, waxay kala saari karaan dhammaan qalabkaaga adag.

Hadda aan ka hadalno run ahaantii awood BitLocker . Furo Control Panel ee Windows oo guji BitLocker Drive Encryption .

Waxaad arki doontaa liiska dhammaan qaybahaaga iyo darawalladaada ku taxan shaashadda weyn. Si aad u bilowdo, waxa kaliya oo ay tahay inaad sameyso waa dhagsii Daar BitLocker^{(Turn On BitLocker)} .

Haddii aad haysato kombuyuutar cusub oo leh processor-ka taageera TPM , waad fiicantahay inaad tagto oo hawshu way bilaabmi doontaa. Haddaysan ahayn, waxaad heli doontaa fariinta khaladka ah ee soo socota: “ Aaladda Nabadgelyada ee Module Platform (TPM) ku habboon waa inuu ku jiraa kombiyuutarkan, laakiin TPM lama helin. ^{(A compatible Trusted Platform Module (TPM) Security Device must be present on this computer, but a TPM was not found.)}"Si aad tan u xalliso, akhri qoraalkeygii hore ee ku saabsan dhibaatadan TPM markaad awood siiso BitLocker^{(TPM problem when enabling BitLocker)} .

Markaad raacdo tilmaamaha ku yaal boostada, waa inaad awood u yeelatid inaad gujiso Daar^(Turn) BitLocker mar^(BitLocker) labaad oo fariinta khaladku waa inaysan soo bixin. Taa baddalkeeda, dejinta BitLocker Drive Encryption^{(BitLocker Drive Encryption setup)} ayaa bilaaban doonta.

Hore u soco oo guji Next si aad u bilowdo. Habayntu asal ahaan waxa ay diyaarisaa darawalkaaga ka dibna way siraysaa. Si loo diyaariyo darawalka, Windows wuxuu u baahan yahay laba qaybood: qayb yar oo System partition ah iyo hal qaybta nidaamka hawlgalka. Waxay kuu sheegi doontaa tan ka hor intaysan bilaabin.

Waxaa laga yaabaa inaad sugto dhowr daqiiqo inta C darawalku marka hore hoos loo dhigay oo qaybta cusub la abuurayo. Kadib marka ay dhamaato, waxaa lagu weydiin doonaa inaad dib u bilowdo kombayutarkaga. Horey u soco oo samee taas.

Shaashada xigta, waxaad dooran doontaa ikhtiyaarkaaga amniga BitLocker . Haddii aadan ku rakibin TPM , ma awoodi doontid inaad u isticmaasho PIN bilowga, laakiin kaliya furaha USB .

Waxaa lagu waydiin doonaa inaad geliso usha USB markaas oo ay ku kaydin doonto furaha bilowga halkaas. Marka xigta waxaad sidoo kale u baahan doontaa inaad abuurto furaha soo kabashada. Waxaad ku kaydin kartaa USB drive, fayl ama daabac. Way fiicantahay in aan la daabicin.

Taas ka dib, ugu dambeyntii waxaa lagu weydiin doonaa haddii aad diyaar u tahay inaad sir ka dhigto darawalka adag, kaas oo u baahan doona dib u bilow.

Haddii wax walba ay si fiican u socdaan oo Windows ay awood u leedahay inay akhrido furayaasha sirta ah ee USB- gaaga ama TPM , markaa waa inaad aragto wada hadal soo baxay oo kuu sheegaya in darawalka la sirsan yahay.

Marka la dhammeeyo, xogtaada hadda si badbaado leh ayaa loo xafiday lamana geli karo furayaashaada la'aanteed. Mar labaad^(Again) , waxaa muhiim ah in la ogaado in isticmaalka BitLocker oo aan lahayn TPM ay aad uga yar tahay ammaanka xitaa haddii aad isticmaasho TPM , waxaad u baahan tahay inaad ku isticmaasho PIN ama furaha USB ama labadaba si aad si dhab ah u ilaaliso.

Sidoo kale, waxaa mudan in la ogaado in marka aad gasho, furayaasha ay ku kaydsan yihiin xusuusta RAM . Haddi aad seexato kombayutarkaga, furayaasha waxa xadi kara tuugo caqli badan, markaa waa in aad had iyo jeer xidhid kombayutarkaga marka aanad isticmaalayn. Hadda aan ka hadalno FileVault ee OS X .

FileVault ee OS X

FileVault ee OS X wuxuu bixiyaa hawl la mid ah ta BitLocker uu ku sameeyo Windows . Waxaad sir ku samayn kartaa darawalka oo dhan waxaana la abuuray mugga bootinta si loo kaydiyo macluumaadka aqoonsiga isticmaalaha si qarsoodi ah.

Si aad u isticmaasho FileVault , waxaad u baahan tahay inaad aado Nidaamka Dookhyada^{(System Preferences)} oo aad gujiso Amniga & Qarsoodiga^{( Security & Privacy)} .

Hadda dhagsii tab FileVault oo dhagsii badhanka Daar FileVault^{(Turn On FileVault)} . Haddii badhanku naafo yahay, waa inaad gujisaa qufulka huruudda yar ee ku yaal dhanka bidix ee hoose ee wada hadalka oo geli eraygaaga sirta ah si aad isbeddel u samayso.

Hadda waxaa lagu waydiin doonaa meesha aad rabto inaad ku kaydiso furahaaga soo kabashada. Waxaad ku kaydin kartaa iCloud ama waxaad heli kartaa furaha soo kabashada ka dibna ku kaydi meel ammaan ah. Waxaan aad ugu talin lahaa in aan la isticmaalin iCloud, inkasta oo ay taasi sahlan tahay, sababtoo ah haddii sharci fulinta ama hackers u baahan yahay inuu jebiyo kombuyuutarkaaga, waxa kaliya ee ay tahay inay sameeyaan waa inay galaan akoonkaaga iCloud si ay uga saaraan sirta.

Hadda waxaa lagu weydiin doonaa inaad dib u bilowdo kombayutarkaaga oo marka OS X uu dib u soo galo, habka sirta ayaa bilaaban doona. Waxaad dib ugu noqon kartaa Amniga^(Security) iyo Qarsoonaanta^(Privacy) si aad u aragto horumarka sirta. Waa inaad filaysaa in waxqabadka kombayuutarku in yar saamayn ku yeelan doono inta u dhaxaysa 5 ilaa 10% gaabis. Haddii aad leedahay MacBook cusub , saamayntu way yaraan kartaa.

Sidaan horey u soo sheegnay, dhammaan sirta disk-ga buuxa weli waa la jabsan karaa sababtoo ah furayaasha waxay ku kaydsan yihiin RAM marka aad gudaha ku jirto. Waa inaad had iyo jeer xirtaa kumbiyuutarka intaad hurdo gelin lahayd, waana inaad mar walba joojisaa inaad si toos ah u gasho. Intaa waxaa dheer, haddii aad isticmaasho PIN -ka-boot-ka-horeeya ama erayga sirta ah, waxaad heli doontaa amniga ugu badan oo aad ayay u adkaan doontaa xitaa khubarada baadhista farsamada inay dilaan darawalkaaga adag. Wax su'aalo ah qab, faallo ku dheji Ku raaxayso!

How to Encrypt Your Hard Drive for Free

Securing computer dаta through encryptіon software has become a clear necessity for many busіnesses and individuals carrying sensitive information on their laptoрs or USB flash drives. Unfortunatelу, many people do not encrypt their data because they’re too lazy or feel data theft won’t haрpen them. A lot of people simply feel they don’t have anything all thаt important stored on their computer and therefore they don’t need encryption.

Whatever your reason may be, encrypting your data is very important. Whether you think you store important data on your computer or not, there are hackers out there who would love to browse through your files, pictures, and data to do harm like identity theft. Even something as innocuous as pictures can be used in very evil ways if in the wrong hands.

Encrypting your hard drive in Windows and OS X is now a fairly simple and straight-forward process that pretty much anyone can do, so there’s no reason to leave yourself open to possible attacks. In this article, I’ll go through using BitLocker on Windows and FileVault on OS X to encrypt your data.

Previously, I had written about using a program called TrueCrypt, but it seems the project has been discontinued for various reasons. The program had been one of the most popular for encrypting your hard drive, but now that it is no longer supported, we don’t recommend using it. The TrueCrypt team even recommends using BitLocker as it can do pretty much everything TrueCrypt was able to do.

Bitlocker on Windows

In Windows Vista, Windows 7 and Windows 8, you can turn on drive encryption by enabling BitLocker. Before we get into how to enable BitLocker, there are a couple of things you should know first:

1. BitLocker works on the Ultimate and Enterprise versions of Windows Vista and Windows 7 and on the Pro and Enterprise versions of Windows 8 and Windows 8.1.

2. There are three authentication mechanisms in BitLocker: TPM (Trusted Platform Module), PIN, and USB key. For the greatest security, you want to use TPM plus a PIN. The PIN is a password that has to be entered by the user before the booting process.

3. Older computers that don’t support TMP can only use the USB key authentication mechanism. This is not as secure as using TPM with a PIN or TPM with a USB key or TPM with both a PIN and a USB key.

4. Never print a backup key on paper and store it somewhere. If someone, even the police, can get access to that paper, they can decrypt your entire hard drive.

Now let’s talk about actually enabling BitLocker. Open the Control Panel in Windows and click on BitLocker Drive Encryption.

You’ll see a list of all your partitions and drives listed on the main screen. To get started, all you have to do is click on Turn On BitLocker.

If you have a newer computer with a processor that supports TPM, you’re good to go and the process will start. If not, you’ll get the following error message: “A compatible Trusted Platform Module (TPM) Security Device must be present on this computer, but a TPM was not found.” To fix this, read my previous post on this TPM problem when enabling BitLocker.

Once you’ve followed the directions in that post, you should be able to click on Turn On BitLocker again and the error message should not appear. Instead, the BitLocker Drive Encryption setup will start.

Go ahead and click Next to get started. The setup basically prepares your drive and then encrypts it. To prepare the drive, Windows needs two partitions: one small System partition and one operating system partition. It will tell you this before it begins.

You might have to wait for a few minutes while the C drive is first shrunken down and the new partition is created. After it is finished, you’ll be asked to restart your computer. Go ahead and do that.

On the next screen, you’ll get to choose your BitLocker security options. If you don’t have a TPM installed, you won’t be able to use a PIN for startup, but only a USB key.

You’ll be asked to insert a USB stick at which point it will save the startup key there. Next you’ll need to also create a recovery key. You can save it to a USB drive, to a file or print it. It’s best not to print it.

After this, you’ll finally be asked if you’re ready to encrypt the hard drive, which will require a restart.

If all goes well and Windows is able to read the encryption keys off your USB stick or from the TPM, then you should see a dialog pop up telling you that the drive is being encrypted.

Once completed, your data is now safely encrypted  and cannot be accessed without your keys. Again, it’s important to note that using BitLocker without TPM is a lot less secure and even if you use TPM, you need to use it with a PIN or with a USB key or with both to be truly protected.

Also, it’s worthwhile to note that while you are logged in, the keys are stored in RAM memory. If you put your computer to sleep, the keys could be stolen by savvy hackers, so you should always shutdown your computer when you’re not using it. Now let’s talk about FileVault in OS X.

FileVault in OS X

FileVault in OS X provides the same functionality as BitLocker does in Windows. You can encrypt the entire drive and a separate boot volume is created to store user authentication information unencrypted.

To use FileVault, you need to go to System Preferences and click on Security & Privacy.

Now click on the FileVault tab and click on the Turn On FileVault button. If the button is disabled, you have to click the little yellow lock at the bottom left of the dialog and enter your system password in order to make changes.

Now you will be asked where you want to store your recovery key. You can either store it in iCloud or you can get a recovery key code and then store it in a safe place. I would highly recommend against using iCloud, even though that is easier, because if law enforcement or a hacker needs to break into your computer, all they have to do is get access to your iCloud account to remove the encryption.

Now you’ll be asked to restart your computer and when OS X logs back in, the encryption process will begin. You can go back into Security and Privacy to see the progress of the encryption. You should expect the computer performance to be slightly impacted in the range of 5 to 10% slower. If you have a new MacBook, the impact may be less.

As mentioned earlier, all full-disk encryption can still be hacked because the keys get stored in RAM while you’re logged in. You must always shut down the computer instead of putting it to sleep and you should always disable automatic login. In addition, if you use a pre-boot PIN or password, you’ll have the most security and it will be extremely difficult for even technical forensic experts to crack into your hard drive. Have any questions, post a comment. Enjoy!

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