Haddii aad raadinayso inaad meel fog ku xidho kombayutarka, mid ka mid ah hababka ugu fiican uguna ammaanka badan waa inaad isticmaasho xidhiidhka Secure Shell ( SSH ). Tani waxay abuuraysaa xidhiidh qarsoodi ah oo u dhexeeya adiga iyo martigeliyaha fog, iyada oo hubinaysa in xogta la dirayo aan la dhexgelin karin ama lala socon karin sinaba. 

Waxa kale oo aad SSH u isticmaali kartaa tunnel-ka taraafikada kale, sida VNC-da sugan ee SSH^{(secure VNC connection over SSH)} . Mid ka mid ah dariiqo aad uga dhigi karto isku xirka SSH xitaa badbaado waa inaad isticmaasho furayaasha SSH , kaas oo ku beddelaya furaha sirta ah ee suurtogalka ah ee sahlan in la dilo furaha 617-nambar. Waa kan sida loo soo saaro furayaasha SSH cusub ee ^(SSH)kombiyuutarada Windows^(Windows) , Mac iyo Linux .

Waa maxay furayaasha SSH?^{(What Are SSH Keys?)}

Furayaasha SSH^(SSH) waxay kuu oggolaanayaan inaad abuurto xiriiro sugan server-yada fog ama kombuyuutarrada adoon isticmaalin furaha sirta ah adigoo isticmaalaya borotokoolka Secure Shell . Furayaasha SSH^(SSH) waxa loo abuuray laba-labo, oo wata fure gaar ah iyo fure guud oo weli ku xidhan–mid lama isticmaali karo kan kale la'aanteed.

Inta badan, furaha dadweynuhu waxa uu ku sii jirayaa kombuyutarka fogfog ama server-ka si loo xafido xidhiidhka. Furaha gaarka ah ayaa markaa loo adeegsadaa in lagu xaqiijiyo aaladdaas fog, taasoo kuu oggolaaneysa inaad ku xirto oo aad isticmaasho adigoon keenin furaha sirta ah. 

^(Public)Furayaasha SSH ^(SSH)ee guud iyo kuwa gaarka ah waa laba qaybood oo isku mid ah—la'aanteed furaha gaarka ah,ma xaqiijin kartid furaha guud oo ma samayn kartid xiriir, furaha dadweynaha la'aanteedna furaha gaarka ahi faa'iido ma leh. Waxaad ku abuuri kartaa furayaal SSH cusub ^(SSH)Windows , Mac , iyo Linux , ka dibna u wareeji furaha dadweynaha^{(public )} qalabka fog.

Furaha gaarka^(private) ah ayaa markaa si badbaado leh loogu kaydiyaa PC ama Mac . Waa muhiim in la xafido nuqulka furahaan si sugan (tusaale, addoo isticmaalaya maamulaha sirta ah^{(password manager)} ). Haddii aad lumiso, waxaa laga yaabaa inaadan awoodin inaad dib-u-samayso isku-xidhka fogaanta 

Waxa kale oo muhiim ah in aanad la wadaagin furahaaga guud iyo kan gaarka ah dadka kale, laakiin gaar ahaan furahaaga gaarka ah (ama erayga sirta ah ee laga yaabo in uu furto). Furaha gaarka ah ee ay gacanta ku hayaan, isticmaale qallafsan ayaa awood u yeelan doona in uu xiriir la sameeyo qalabkaaga fog isaga oo aan u baahnayn wax caddayn ah oo dheeraad ah.

Sida loo isticmaalo Windows si loo abuuro furayaasha SSH^{(How to Use Windows to Generate SSH Keys)}

Waxaad isticmaali kartaa Windows si aad u abuurto furayaasha SSH adoo isticmaalaya macmiilka ^(SSH)OpenSSH ee ku dhex dhisan ama caanka ah, macmiilka ^(OpenSSH)Putty ee qolo saddexaad . Haddii aad doorbidayso inaad isticmaasho is-dhexgalka garaafyada isticmaale ( GUI ) si aad u abuurto furayaal cusub oo SSH ah, ^(SSH)PuTTY waa doorashada ugu fiican. Haddii aad doorbidi lahayd inaad isticmaasho software ku dhex jira, ka dib isticmaal OpenSSH (adigoo isticmaalaya Windows PowerShell ).

Isticmaalka OpenSSH iyada oo loo marayo Windows PowerShell^{(Using OpenSSH via Windows PowerShell)}

1. Haddii aad rabto inaad isticmaasho OpenSSH , waxaad u baahan doontaa inaad marka hore hubiso in uu karti yahay marka hore. Si taas loo sameeyo, midig-guji liiska Start oo dooro Settings .

1. Menu Settings^(Settings) , dooro Apps > Apps & features > Astaamaha ikhtiyaariga ah^{(Optional features)} .

1. Ka eeg liiska astaamaha ikhtiyaariga ah^{(Optional features)} ee gelitaanka Macmiilka OpenSSH . ^{(OpenSSH Client)}Haddii aysan halkaas joogin, dooro ku dar sifada^{(Add a feature)} .

1. Dooro ikhtiyaarka macmiilka OpenSSH^{(OpenSSH Client )} , ka dibna dooro Ku rakib^(Install) si aad u rakibto. U ogolow dhowr daqiiqadood Windows inay ku rakibto software-ka loo baahan yahay. Haddii aad rabto inaad isticmaasho SSH si aad ugu xidho kombuyutarkaaga Windows , hubi inaad doorato ikhtiyaarka Server OpenSSH , sidoo kale.^{(OpenSSH Server )}

1. Marka la rakibo OpenSSH , midig-guji menu-ka Start oo dooro Windows PowerShell (Admin) .

1. Daaqadda cusub ee Windows PowerShell , ku qor ssh-keygen oo dooro furaha gelida^{(enter )} . Waxaad ku qori kartaa meel kaydin cusub iyo magaca faylka furahaaga markan, ama si fudud u riix geli^(enter) mar labaad si aad u kaydiso faylashaada C:\Users\user\.ssh\ folder (ku beddelka isticmaalehaaga^(user) isticmaalehaaga).
   
   Qalabka ssh-keygen wuxuu u isticmaali doonaa sirta RSA si caadi ah, laakiin waxaad u bedeli kartaa qaab kale oo sireed adiga oo ku qoraya ^(RSA)habka ^(method)ssh-keygen -t beddelka, beddelka habka^{(method )} mid ka mid ah fursadaha sirta ah ee jira ( dsa, ecdsa, ed25519, rsa ).

1. Marka xigta, waxaa lagaa rabaa inaad geliso jumlad sir ah. Tani waxay si qarsoodi ah u gelinaysaa furahaaga gaarka ah ee kombayutarkaaga waxaana lagu talinayaa sida caadiga ah, inkasta oo aan loo baahnayn. Waxaad isticmaali kartaa kelmad ama odhaah xusuus leh, laakiin waxa kale oo aad isticmaali kartaa erayga sirta ah ee badbaadsan^{(use a secure password)} halkan. Ku qor^(Type) eraygaaga sirta ah oo dooro geli^(enter) si aad u xaqiijiso, ama si fudud uga tag faaruq oo dooro geli^(enter) si aad uga tagto faaruq.

1. Marka aad ku darto eraygaaga sirta ah, Windows waxa ay soo saari doontaa furayaasha loo baahan yahay galka C:\Users\user\.ssh\ (oo isticmaalaya^(user) magacaaga isticmaale). Haddii aad doorato inaad isticmaasho magaca faylka caadiga ah, faylka id_rsa.pub waa furahaaga guud, halka id_rsa (aan lahayn kordhin) uu yahay furahaaga gaarka ah. Marka aad samayso furayaashaada, waxaad u baahan doontaa inaad dhaqaajiso dadweynahaaga furaha ( id_rsa.pub ) ee .ssh directory ee fog fog PC , Mac , ama server kaaga.

Isticmaalka Putty^{(Using PuTTY)}

Macmiilka aadka loo yaqaan ee PuTTY SSH ayaa ah macmiilka caadiga ah ee isticmaalayaasha Windows intooda badan . Waxaa ku jira dhowr qalab oo kale oo loogu talagalay samaynta isku xirka SSH , oo ay ku jiraan ^(SSH)PuTTYgen , oo ah aalad lagu soo saaro furayaasha SSH cusub.^(SSH)

1. Si aad u isticmaasho PuTTY si aad u soo saarto furayaashaada SSH , u soo deji Putty PC gaaga^{(download PuTTY for your PC)} oo ku rakib. Marka la rakibo, ka billow PuTTYgen^(PuTTYgen) ( qalabka koronto-dhaliyaha SSH ee ku jira ) menu-ka Start , ka dooro RSA nooca furaha si aad u abuurto^{(Type of key to generate)} xulashooyin, ka dibna dooro Generate . Waxa kale oo aad dooran kartaa mid ka mid ah xulashooyinka sirta ah ee beddelka ah, laakiin tillaabooyinka hoose way kala duwanaan karaan.

1. Qayb ka mid ah habka curinta furayaashaadu waa in aad u dhaqaajiso jiirkaaga si aan kala sooc lahayn. Isticmaal mouse-kaaga ama trackpad-ka si aad tan ugu samayso aagga isla markiiba ka hooseeya bar horumarka ilaa lamaanaha muhiimka ah laga soo saaro.

1. Haddii aad rabto in aad ku darto furahaaga furahaaga, ku qor kan furaha furaha^{(Key passphrase )} oo Xaqiiji^{(Confirm passphrase)} sanduuqyada sirta ah, ka dib dooro Keydi furaha dadweynaha^{(Save public key)} iyo Keydi furaha gaarka ah^{(Save private key)} si aad u badbaadiso furayaashaada. Waxa kale oo aad dooran kartaa qoraalka ku jira furaha dadweynaha si aad ugu dhejiso sanduuqa Furaha ee OpenSSH^{(Public key for pasting into OpenSSH authorized_keys )} , dabadeed midig-guji oo dooro Nuqul^(Copy) si aad u nuqul ka sameyso oo aad ugu dhejiso faylka gacanta.

1. Furayaashaada oo la keydiyay, waxaad markaas u wareejin kartaa furaha dadweynaha^{(public key )} PC, Mac , ama server-kaaga fog. Furahaaga gaarka ah^{(private key)} , waxa laga yaabaa inaad u baahato inaad tan u soo guurto C:\Users\user\.ssh\ folder-kaaga (ku beddelka isticmaalaha^{(user )} tusahaaga isticmaale ee saxda ah) si aad ugu isticmaasho macmiilka SSH ee aad door bidayso.^(SSH)

Sida loo abuuro furayaasha SSH Linux ama Mac^{(How to Generate SSH Keys on Linux or Mac)}

OpenSSH waa qalabka heerka dahabka ah ee maamulka SSH , iyo sida nooca Windows , ssh-keygen aalada ayaa weli ah habka ugu wanaagsan ee lagu soo saari karo furayaasha SSH cusub kombiyuutarada Mac ama Linux .

Natiijo ahaan, qalabka GUI ee soo saarista furayaasha ^(GUI)SSH waa naadir oo sida caadiga ah laguma talinayo. Sida qalabka OpenSSH ay ku jiraan dhammaan kombiyuutarada Mac iyo ku dhawaad ^(Mac)​​dhammaan qaybinta Linux^{(all Linux distributions)} , tillaabooyinka hoose waa inay u shaqeeyaan labada goobood.

1. Si aad u bilowdo, fur daaqad cusub oo terminal ah Linux PC ama Mac . Haddii aad rabto inaad isticmaasho Mac -gaaga si aad u dhaliso furayaasha SSH , waxaad bilaabi kartaa Terminal- ka app adoo isticmaalaya Launchpad . Tallaabooyinka furitaanka terminalka cusub ee PC Linux way kala duwanaan doonaan, iyadoo ku xidhan qaybintaada.

1. Daaqadda Terminalka cusub ee kumbuyuutarkaaga Linux ama Mac , ku qor ssh-keygen oo dooro furaha gelida^{(enter )} . Sida ssh-keygen ee Windows -ka , nooca Linux iyo Mac ayaa ku habboon adeegsiga sirta RSA . Haddii aad doorbidayso inaad isticmaasho nooc kale oo sireed, ku qor habka ssh-keygen -t,^{(ssh-keygen -t method, )} oo ku beddela habka^(method) qaab siraynta aad rabto inaad isticmaasho (tusaale dsa, ecdsa, ed25519, rsa ).

1. Waxaad marka xigta u baahan doontaa inaad go'aamiso meesha aad rabto inaad ku kaydiso furayaasha SSH -ga cusub "magaca faylka caadiga ah iyo goobta ayaa lagu tusi doonaa xirmooyinka wareega ee daaqada terminalka. Haddii aad rabto inaad furahaaga ku kaydsato meel kale iyo magac kale, ku qor meel cusub oo magaca faylka halkan, ka dib dooro furaha gelida^{(enter )} .

1. Marka xigta, waxaad u baahan doontaa inaad ku qorto erayga sirta ah si aad u sirayso furahaaga gaarka ah (haddii aad rabto inaad mid isticmaasho). Ku qor eraygaaga sirta ah laba jeer, ama dooro geli^(enter) laba jeer si aad uga tagto erayga sirta ah (inkasta oo tan aan lagu talinayn).

1. Halkaa marka ay marayso, furayaashaada SSH waxa lagu soo saarayaa goobta kaydinta ee aad sheegtay oo la isticmaalayo ^(SSH)id_rsa filename-ka caadiga ah ee sirta RSA ( id_rsa.pub ee furaha guud iyo id_rsa ee furaha gaarka ah). Waxaad u baahan doontaa inaad u rarto furahaaga dad waynaha ( id_rsa.pub ) kombayutarka fog, Mac , ama seerfarkaaga si aad awood ugu yeelato inaad samaysato xidhiidhkaaga adoo isticmaalaya SSH .

Samaynta Xiriir Sugan Isticmaalka SSH^{(Making Secure Connections Using SSH)}

Markaad abuurto furahaaga SSH^(SSH) , waxaad u baahan doontaa inaad hubiso inaad nuqul ka sameysato furaha dadweynaha PC, Mac , ama server-kaaga fog. Tani waxay ku xidhaysaa furahaaga khaaska ah, kaas oo u ogolaanaya macmiilka SSH ee aad door bidayso inuu sameeyo xidhiidho SSH ah oo sugan iyada oo aan lahayn sirta caadiga ah. Tusaale ahaan, waxaad isticmaali kartaa SSH si aad ugu xirto Mac kale meel fog^{(use SSH to connect to another Mac remotely)} .

Xidhiidhada Sugan ee SSH^{(Secure SSH)} waxa kale oo ay kaa caawin karaan in aad ku dhowaato dugsiga ama goobta shaqada dab-damiska^{(get around a school or workplace firewall)} adiga oo isticmaalaya tunnel SSH . Waxa kale oo aad isticmaali kartaa SSH si aad ugu xidho (iyo cusboonaysiiso) Raspberry Pi^{(connect to (and update) a Raspberry Pi)} ama kombuyuutarrada iyo adeegayaasha kale ee Linux ku salaysan. Waxaad u baahan doontaa inaad hubiso inaad karti u siisay server-ka OpenSSH haddii aad rabto inaad tan ku samayso Windows 10 , si kastaba ha ahaatee.

How to Generate SSH Keys on Windows, Mac and Linux

If you’re looking to connect remоtely to a computer, one of the best and most secure methods iѕ to use a Secure Shell (SSH) connection. This crеates an encrypted connection between you and the rеmote host, ensuring that the data being sent can’t be intercepted or monitored in any way. 

You can use SSH as a tunnel for other traffic, too, such as a secure VNC connection over SSH. One way you can make your SSH connections even safer is to use SSH keys, which replaces potentially easy-to-crack passwords with a 617-digit encryption key. Here’s how to generate new SSH keys on Windows, Mac, and Linux computers.

What Are SSH Keys?

SSH keys allow you to create secure connections to remote servers or PCs without using a password using the Secure Shell protocol. SSH keys are created in pairs, with a private key and a public key that remain connected—one can’t be used without the other.

In most cases, the public key remains on the remote PC or server to encrypt the connection. The private key is then used to authenticate with that remote device, allowing you to connect and use it without supplying a password. 

Public and private SSH keys are two parts of the same whole—without the private key, you can’t authenticate with the public key and establish a connection, and without the public key, the private key is useless. You can generate new SSH keys on Windows, Mac, and Linux, then transfer the public key to the remote device.

The private key is then stored safely on your PC or Mac. It’s important to save a copy of this key securely (for instance, using a password manager). If you lose it, you may not be able to re-establish your remote connections. 

It’s also important not to share either your public or private key with others, but especially your private key (or the passphrase that may decrypt it). With the private key at their disposal, a rogue user will be able to establish a connection to your remote device without requiring any additional authentication.

How to Use Windows to Generate SSH Keys

You can use Windows to generate SSH keys using the built-in OpenSSH client or the popular, third-party PuTTY client. If you’d prefer to use a graphical user interface (GUI) to create new SSH keys, PuTTY is the best option. If you’d rather use built-in software, then use OpenSSH (via the Windows PowerShell) instead.

Using OpenSSH via Windows PowerShell

1. If you want to use OpenSSH, you’ll need to first check that it’s enabled first. To do this, right-click the Start menu and select Settings.

1. In the Settings menu, select Apps > Apps & features > Optional features.

1. Look through the Optional features menu for the OpenSSH Client entry. If it isn’t there, select Add a feature.

1. Select the OpenSSH Client option, then select Install to install it. Allow a few moments for Windows to install the required software. If you want to use SSH to connect to your Windows PC, make sure to select the OpenSSH Server option, too.

1. With OpenSSH installed, right-click the Start menu and select Windows PowerShell (Admin).

1. In the new Windows PowerShell window, type ssh-keygen and select the enter key. You can type a new save location and filename for your key at this point, or simply press enter a second time to save your files in the C:\Users\user\.ssh\ folder (replacing user with your own user directory).
   
   The ssh-keygen tool will use RSA encryption by default, but you can switch to another form of encryption by typing ssh-keygen -t method instead, replacing method with one of the available encryption options (dsa, ecdsa, ed25519, rsa).

1. Next, you’ll be required to enter a passphrase. This encrypts your private key on your PC and is typically recommended, although it isn’t required. You can use a memorable word or phrase, but you can also use a secure password here instead. Type in your passphrase and select enter to confirm, or simply leave it blank and select enter to leave it blank.

1. Once you’ve added your passphrase, Windows will generate the required keys in the C:\Users\user\.ssh\ folder (replacing user with your own user folder name). If you select to use the default filename, the id_rsa.pub file is your public key, while id_rsa (with no extension) is your private key.  Once you’ve generated your keys, you’ll need to move your public key (id_rsa.pub) to the .ssh directory on your remote PC, Mac, or server.

Using PuTTY

The well-known PuTTY SSH client is the default client for most Windows users. It includes several other tools for establishing SSH connections, including PuTTYgen, a tool for generating new SSH keys.

1. To use PuTTY to generate your SSH keys, download PuTTY for your PC and install it. Once installed, launch PuTTYgen (the included SSH generator tool) from the Start menu, select RSA from the Type of key to generate options, then select Generate. You can also select one of the alternative encryption options, but the steps below may vary.

1. Part of the process of generating your keys is to move your mouse randomly. Use your mouse or trackpad to do this in the area immediately below the progress bar until the key pair is generated.

1. If you want to add a passphrase to your keys, type this in the Key passphrase and Confirm passphrase boxes, then select Save public key and Save private key to save your keys. You can also select the text in the Public key for pasting into OpenSSH authorized_keys box, then right-click and select Copy to copy and paste it into a file manually.

1. With your keys saved, you can then move the public key to your remote PC, Mac, or server. For your private key, you may need to move this into your C:\Users\user\.ssh\ folder (replacing user with your correct user directory) to use it with your preferred SSH client.

How to Generate SSH Keys on Linux or Mac

OpenSSH is the gold standard set of tools for SSH management and, just like the Windows version, the ssh-keygen tool remains the best way to generate new SSH keys on Mac or Linux computers.

As a consequence, GUI tools for generating SSH keys are rare and not typically recommended. As the OpenSSH tools are included with all Mac computers and with almost all Linux distributions, the steps below should work for both platforms.

1. To begin, open a new terminal window on your Linux PC or Mac. If you want to use your Mac to generate SSH keys, you can launch the Terminal app using the Launchpad. The steps for opening a new terminal on a Linux PC will vary, depending on your distribution.

1. In the new terminal window on your Linux PC or Mac, type ssh-keygen and select the enter key. As with ssh-keygen on Windows, the Linux and Mac version defaults to using RSA encryption. If you’d prefer to use another form of encryption, type ssh-keygen -t method, replacing method with the form of encryption you wish to use (eg. dsa, ecdsa, ed25519, rsa).

1. You’ll next need to determine where you’d like to save the new SSH keys—the default file name and location will be shown in round brackets in the terminal window. If you want to save your keys somewhere else and with a different filename, type a new location and file name here, then select the enter key.

1. Next, you’ll need to type a passphrase to encrypt your private key (if you’d like to use one). Type your passphrase twice, or select enter twice to leave the passphrase blank (although this isn’t recommended).

1. At this point, your SSH keys will be generated in the save location you specified and using the default id_rsa filename for RSA encryption (id_rsa.pub for the public key and id_rsa for the private key). You’ll need to move your public key (id_rsa.pub) to your remote PC, Mac, or server to be able to establish your connection using SSH.

Making Secure Connections Using SSH

Once you’ve generated your SSH keys, you’ll need to make sure to copy the public key to your remote PC, Mac, or server. This links with your private key, which allows your preferred SSH client to establish secure SSH connections without a typical password. For instance, you could use SSH to connect to another Mac remotely.

Secure SSH connections can also help you get around a school or workplace firewall using an SSH tunnel. You can also use SSH to connect to (and update) a Raspberry Pi or other Linux-based PCs and servers. You’ll need to make sure you enable the OpenSSH server if you want to do this on Windows 10, however.

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