Markii aan joogay garoonka diyaaradaha ee Frankfurt dhawaan, waxaan arkay nin ganacsade ah oo miiska uga soo tagay Laptop- kiisii ​​qaaliga ahaa ee MacBook Air si uu u soo kaxeeyo. ^{(MacBook Air)}Waxa uu maqnaa shan daqiiqo laakiin shantaas daqiiqo, qof ayaa laga yaabaa inuu xado kombuyuutarka ama uu jabsado xog qiimo leh.

Maalmahan, in kastoo, haakarisku uma baahna galaangal jireed mashiinka. Isticmaalka wax wax uriya shabakada, waxa ay ku dulman karaan meelaha wifi^{(wifi spots)} -ga dadweynaha iyaga oo raadinaya daciifnimo, ama geli kara meelaha wifiga gaarka ah ee aan lahayn furaha sirta ah.

Marka laga bilaabo helitaanka, waxaad u baahan tahay inaad ka ilaaliso kumbuyuutarkaaga macOS kuwan "jilayaasha xun". Waa inaad maskaxda ku haysaa, in kastoo, ka hor inta aynaan sii wadin inaadan weligaa heli doonin 100% ammaan bir ah, iyo haddii aad ka soo horjeedo hay'ad dawladeed, tallaabooyinkan aasaasiga ah ma jiraan meel u dhow inay caawiyaan.

Laakin si loo joojiyo danaystayaasha caadiga ah? Akhriso.

Kudar Koombuyuutarkaaga Koombuyuutarkaaga^{(Add a Passcode To Your Computer)}

Tani waa wax aan caqli-gal ahayn, laakiin waxaan la yaabay tirada dadka aan ku dhibin. Tani waxay la mid tahay inaad fasax gashay oo ka tagtid albaabkaga hore oo furan, oo aad la yaabban tahay goorta aad soo noqotay sababta laguu xaday.

Ku darista koodka furaha waa sahlan tahay. Tag Dookhyada Nidaamka - Amniga & Qarsoonaanta^{(System Preferences – Security & Privacy)} . Qeybta Guud^{(General )} , waxaad dejin kartaa erayga sirta ah, sidoo kale waxaad cayimi kartaa inta uu kombayutarka seexdo ka dib erayga sirta ah ayaa loo baahan yahay. Sida iska cad isla markaaba^{(immediately)} waa ikhtiyaarka ugu fiican.

Waxa kale oo aad ku dari kartaa tilmaame sirta ah haddii ay dhacdo inaad illowdo eraygaaga sirta ah, laakiin ilaa aad ka dhigto tilmaanta mid aan caddayn cid kale oo akhrinaysa, kuma talinayo inaan tan sameeyo. Kaliya samee erayga sirta ah wax laguu balan qaaday inaad xasuusato.

Daar FileVault^{(Turn On FileVault)}

Mid ka mid ah waxyaabaha ugu waaweyn ee ku saabsan aaladda MacOS ayaa ah in marka aad si buuxda u damiso, faylasha ku jira dariiqa adag ay yihiin kuwo aan la heli karin. Laakiin si aad taas uga faa'iidaysato, waxaad u baahan tahay inaad shido FileVault^(FileVault) .

Waxay ku yaalliin Dookhyada Nidaamka - Amniga &^{( System Preferences – Security & Privacy)} Qarsoonaanta , FileVault waxay sireysaa darawalka adag, laakiin sirtu waxay ku bilaabataa kaliya haddii kombuyuutarku gebi ahaanba xiran yahay. Markaa isku day inaadan marar badan isticmaalin qaabka hurdada, gaar ahaan haddii aad dibadda joogto oo aad laptop-kaga ku jirto boorsadaada.

Markaad shid, waxay qaadan doontaa dhowr saacadood in dhammaan darawalka adag si qarsoodi ah loo dhigo, laakiin gebi ahaanba way u qalantaa nabadda maskaxda. Haddii ay jirto hal shay oo kaliya oo ay tahay inaad ka sameyso maqaalkan, waa FileVault . Inta soo hartayna waxa ay ku dul maraysaa keega.

Hubi in qufulku uu ku dhex jiro dookhyada nidaamka^{(Make Sure The Padlock Is On In System Preferences)}

Isbeddellada aan la oggolayn ee lagu sameeyo Dookhyada Nidaamka^{(System Preferences )} kumbuyuutarka waxaa ka hortagaya isticmaalka calaamad yar oo quful ah oo ku taal geeska bidix ee hoose.

Haddii aad rabto inaad ilaaliso Dookhyada Nidaamka^{(System Preferences)} , dhagsii qufulka si aad u xidho. Haddii aad rabto inaad mar kale furto si aad wax u bedesho, waxaa lagaaga baahan doonaa inaad geliso erayga sirta ah ee maamulka.

Ha galin Maamule ahaan^{(Do Not Log In As An Administrator)}

Mid kale oo maya ah ayaa ah in la galo kombayutarka oo loo isticmaalo hawlaha caadiga ah sida "maamulaha".

Isticmaale leh mudnaanta maamulaha ayaa awood u leh inuu ku sameeyo wax kasta oo ku jira kombiyuutarka. Rakibaadda^(Installing) iyo ka saarista software-ka, iyo sidoo kale ku-darka iyo saarista isticmaalayaasha oo ah laba ka mid ah. Haddii mid ka mid ah kombuyuutarkaaga soo galay uu horay u soo galay maamule ahaan, wuxuu gacanta u gelinayaa furayaasha boqortooyada.

Xalka tani waa in la sameeyo xisaab caadi ah oo aan maamule ahayn oo loo isticmaalo isticmaalka maalinlaha ah ee kombiyuutarka. Ka daa koontada maamulka oo keliya isticmaal faahfaahinta galitaanka oo keliya marka kombuyuutarku codsado.

Si aad u samayso isticmaale cusub, aad nidaamka Dookhyada - Isticmaalayaasha & Kooxaha^{(System Preferences – Users & Groups)} . Hubi in qufulka uu hoosta ka furan yahay ka dibna dhagsii "+" ee hoose ee Xulashada Login^{(Login Options)} . Xisaabta cusub ka dhig mid Standard ah.

Diid Isticmaalayaasha Martida^{(Disallow Guest Users)}

Dad badan ayaa yiraahda waa fikrad wanaagsan inaad leedahay akoonka isticmaalaha martida si ay dadka kale u isticmaalaan kumbuyuutarkaaga. Laakiin anigu waxaan qabaa aragtida lidka ku ah.

In kasta oo isticmaaluhu uu si aad ah u xaddiday gelitaanka kombiyuutarkaaga, haddana waxay marin u helayaan laba meelood oo muhiim ah. Marka hore^(First) , waxay heli karaan dhammaan codsiyada lagu rakibay kuwaas oo ay isticmaali karaan si ay u fuliyaan fal kasta oo xaasidnimo ah.

Marka labaad, waxay sidoo kale marin u helayaan buugga tmp halkaasoo qoraalada xaasidnimada leh iyo malware-ka lagu kaydin karo.

Markaa tag Dookhyada Nidaamka - Isticmaalayaasha & Kooxaha^{(System Preferences – Users & Groups)} oo dami ikhtiyaarka Isticmaalaha Martida .^{(Guest User)}

Hubi in Cusbooneysiin Toos ah uu shidmay^{(Make Sure Automatic Updates Are Turned On)}

Sida nidaam kasta oo kale oo qalliin ah, Apple waxay si joogto ah u riixdaa cusbooneysiinta MacOS . Si la mid ah software-ka haddii loo baahdo balastar, horumariyaha ayaa mid samayn doona oo soo diri doona.

Markaa macno ma laha haddii balastarku halkaas fadhiyo oo diyaar u ah in lagu rakibo oo aadan haysan wax cusub oo toos ah oo shidmay. Haddii aanad jeclayn inaad gacanta ku hubiso maalin kasta oo yaa wakhti u haysta taas?

Si aad u shido Cusbooneysiinta Tooska ah^{(Automatic Updates)} , tag Dookhyada Nidaamka - Cusbooneysiinta Software^{(System Preferences – Software Update)} . Sax sanduuqa oranaya Si toos ah ula soco Mac-gayga cusub^{(Automatically keep my Mac up to date)} .

Haddii aad markaas gujiso sanduuqa Sare^(Advanced) , waxaad arki doontaa fursadaha jira. Waxaan kuu soo jeedinayaa inaad saxdo dhamaantood.

Daar Firewall-ka^{(Turn On The Firewall)}

Middaani sidoo kale waa xoogaa maskax la'aan ah, laakiin mar labaad, dad badan ayaan dhibin.

Marka la barbardhigo dab-damiska Windows , kaas oo ku lug yeelan kara wax badan oo ka mid ah tweaking, macOS firewalls waa heshiis hal-guji ah. Markaad tagto Dookhyada Nidaamka - Amniga & Qarsoonaanta^{(System Preferences – Security & Privacy)} , ka dibna tabka Firewall , waxaad ku shid kartaa dab-damiska hal mar. Taasina waa runtii.

Waligay ma aanan^(never) taaban wax ku jira qaybta Xulashada Firewall^{(Firewall Options)} . Waxaan wax yar ka dib samayn doonaa maqaal ku saabsan MacOS Firewall's "Stealth Mode", laakiin guud ahaan, wax u ilaali sida ay ugu jiraan shaashadda hoose.

Qarsoodiso Magaca Shabakadda ee Kumbiyuutarkaaga^{(Anonymize The Network Name Of Your Computer)}

Tani waa mid uu saaxiib ii soo jeediyay wakhti aan fogayn, waxayna ahayd wax aanan waligay hore uga fikirin.

Haddii qof uu jabsado shabakadaada, waxay si cad u arki doonaan dhammaan magacyada aaladaha ku xidhan shabakadaas. Haddii uu jiro hal qalab (qalabkaaga MacOS ), si fiican markaa tani waxay yeelan doontaa xaddidnaan la'aan. Laakiin haddii aad leedahay aalado badan oo shabakadaada ah, waxaad isku dayi kartaa inaad sawirto qalabkaaga MacOS adiga oo qarinaya magacaaga.

Tusaale ahaan, ilaa tan la igala tashaday, kombayutarkaygu magaciisu waxa uu ahaa "Mark's MacBook Air". Waxaan ula jeedaa, waxaa laga yaabaa inaan sidoo kale dhejiyay calaamad leh "Soo gal! Halkan^(Get) keen dhammaan faylalkayga!” Laakin adiga oo magaca u bedelaya wax aan dhib lahayn, hadda waxa ay dhex fadhidaa dhammaan aaladaha kale ee igu xidhan.

Sida iska cad, tani nacasnimo maaha. Qof kastaa mid mid ayuu u eegi karaa qalab kasta laakiin waxay ku qaadan doontaa waqti dheer oo waxay ku sii kordhin doontaa arrimmaha iyaga.

Tag System-Preferences - Wadaagista^{(System-Preferences – Sharing)} oo meesha ugu sareysa, waxaad arki doontaa magaca kombiyuutarkaaga. Guji qufulka xagga hoose ee shaashadda, geli eraygaaga sirta ah ee maamulaha oo badhanka wax ka beddelka ee ku xiga magaca kombiyuutarka ayaa si lama filaan ah u shaqayn doona. Guji

Hadda waxaa lagugu martiqaadi doonaa inaad magaca u beddesho waxaad rabto. Hayso "Isticmaal magaca martida caalamiga ah ee firfircoon"^{(“Use dynamic global hostname”)} iyada oo aan la hubin.

Demi Wadaaga^{(Turn Off Sharing)}

Inta aad ku jirto qaybta Wadaagga^{(Sharing )} , waa markii aad dami lahayd dhammaan xulashooyinkan - marka laga reebo hal - kaydinta macluumaadka.

Wixii aan awooday in aan ka helo, Kaydinta Mawduucadu^{(Content Caching)} way fiican tahay waxayna u muuqataa inay dhab ahaantii ku faa'iidaysanayso. Tani waxay markeeda daaran Wadaagista Internetka^{(Internet Sharing)} , marka waxaan filayaa inaad taasna ka tagi karto. Laakiin kuwa kale, sida Wadaagista Shaashada^{(Screen Sharing)} , Wadaagista Faylka^{(File Sharing)} , Soo Galka Fog -^{(Remote Login –)} dami (ilaa aad baahi weyn u qabin inaad shidto mooyaane).

Gabagabo^(Conclusion)

Sidaan bilowgii hore u sheegay, tillaabooyinkani waxay kaliya joojinayaan snooper-ga caadiga ah ee dukaanka kafeega, ama tuug doonaya inuu ka dhufto laptop-kaaga lacag degdeg ah.

Haddii ay ku soo weerarto hay'ad dawladeed ama nooc kale oo xirfadle ah, tillaabooyinkan ayaa hoos u dhigi doona iyaga - laakiin waa muddo gaaban.

Laakiin si kastaba ha ahaatee, ka wanaagsan waxba, sax? Maxaa loogu fududeeyay iyaga?

How to Make it Harder For Someone to Hack into Your Mac

When I was at Frankfurt airport recently, I saw a businessman leave his very expensive MacBook Air lаptop on the table to go and get сoffee. He was gone for five minuteѕ but in those five minutes, somebody сould either have stolen the cоmputеr or hacked into it for valuable data.

These days though, hackers don’t need physical access to the machine. Using network sniffers, they can prowl public wifi spots looking for weaknesses, or enter private wifi spots which don’t have passwords.

So from the get-go, you need to protect your macOS computer from these “bad actors”. You have to bear in mind, though, before we continue that you are never going to have 100% iron-clad security, and if you are up against a government agency, these basic steps are nowhere near going to help.

But to stop the casual opportunist? Read on.

Add a Passcode To Your Computer

This is an absolute no-brainer, but I am stunned at the number of people who don’t bother with it. This is like going on vacation and leaving your front door unlocked, and wondering when you got back why you were burglarized.

Adding a passcode is simple. Go to System Preferences – Security & Privacy. In the General tab, you can set a password, as well as specify how long after the computer sleeps the password is required. Obviously immediately is the best option.

You can also add a password hint in case you forget your password, but unless you make the hint extremely vague for anyone else reading it, I wouldn’t recommend doing this. Just make the password something you are guaranteed to remember.

Turn On FileVault

One of the great things about a MacOS device is that when you have it fully powered down, the files contained on the hard drive are totally inaccessible. But for you to take advantage of that, you need to turn on FileVault.

Located in System Preferences – Security & Privacy, FileVault encrypts the hard drive, but the encryption only kicks in if the computer is shut down completely. So try not to use sleep mode too often, especially if you are out and about with your laptop in your bag.

When you switch it on, it will take a few hours for the entire hard drive to be encrypted, but it is totally worth it for peace of mind. If there is only one thing you should do from this article, it is FileVault. The rest is just icing on the cake.

Make Sure The Padlock Is On In System Preferences

Unauthorized changes to the computer’s System Preferences are prevented by the use of a small padlock icon in the bottom left-hand corner.

If you want to keep System Preferences secure, click the padlock to close it. If you want to open it again to change anything, you will be required to enter the administrator password.

Do Not Log In As An Administrator

Another no-no is logging into the computer and using it for routine tasks as the “administrator”.

A user with administrator privileges is able to do everything on the computer. Installing and removing software, as well as adding and removing users being just two of them. If anyone that got into your computer is already logged in as the administrator, it hands them the keys to the kingdom.

The solution to this is to make an ordinary non-administrator account and use that for everyday routine computer usage. Leave the administrator account alone and use those login details only when the computer requests them.

To make a new user, go to System Preferences – Users & Groups. Make sure the padlock is unlocked at the bottom then click the “+” below Login Options. Make the new account a Standard one.

Disallow Guest Users

A lot of people say it is a good idea for you to have a guest user account for other people to use your computer. But I take the opposite view.

Although the guest user has much more restricted access to your computer, they still have access to two important areas. First, they have access to all the installed applications which they can use to perform any manner of malicious action.

Second, they also have access to the tmp directory where malicious scripts and malware can be stored.

So go to System Preferences – Users & Groups and turn off the Guest User option.

Make Sure Automatic Updates Are Turned On

Like any other operating system, Apple pushes out MacOS updates on a regular basis. The same with software – if a patch is needed, the developer will make one and send it out.

So it is pointless if the patch is sitting there ready to be installed and you don’t have automatic updates switched on. Unless you like to manually check every single day and who has time for that?

To switch on Automatic Updates, go to System Preferences – Software Update. Tick the box that says Automatically keep my Mac up to date.

If you then click the Advanced box, you will see the options available. I suggest you tick all of them.

Turn On The Firewall

This one is also a bit of a no-brainer, but again, many people just don’t bother.

Compared to Windows firewalls, which can involve a lot of tweaking, macOS firewalls are a one-click deal. By going to System Preferences – Security & Privacy, and then the Firewall tab, you can switch the firewall on with one click. And that is really it.

I have never had to touch anything in the Firewall Options section. I will shortly be doing an article on MacOS Firewall’s “Stealth Mode”, but in general, keep things as they are in the screenshot below.

Anonymize The Network Name Of Your Computer

This is one which was suggested to me by a friend not that long ago, and it was something I had never really previously considered.

If someone hacks into your network, they are going to obviously see the names of all the devices connected to that network. If there is only one device (your MacOS device), well then this is going to have limited to no effect. But if you have multiple devices in your network, you can try to camouflage your MacOS device by anonymizing the name of it.

For example, until I was advised of this, my computer’s name was “Mark’s MacBook Air”. I mean, I may as well have put up a sign saying “Come on in! Get all my files here!”. But by changing the name to something innocuous, it is now sitting amongst all of my other connected devices.

Obviously, this is not foolproof. Anyone can check each device one by one but it will take them longer and make things more of a hassle for them.

Go to System-Preferences – Sharing and at the top, you will see the name of your computer. Click the padlock at the bottom of the screen, enter your administrator password and the edit button next to the computer name will suddenly become active. Click it.

You will now be invited to change the name to whatever you want. Keep “Use dynamic global hostname” unchecked.

Turn Off Sharing

While you are in the Sharing section, it’s time to turn off all of these options – except for one – content caching.

From what I have been able to find, Content Caching is fine and seems to actually benefit you. This in turn turns on Internet Sharing, so I guess you can leave that one too. But the others, such as Screen Sharing, File Sharing, Remote Login – switch them off (unless you have a huge need to have them on).

Conclusion

As I stated at the beginning, these measures are only going to stop the casual snooper at the coffee shop, or a thief looking to snatch your laptop for some quick cash.

If you are being assaulted by a government agency or another form of professional, these measures will slow them down – but only for a very short while.

But nevertheless, better than nothing, right? Why make it easy for them?

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