Waa xaqiiqo nololeed in kombuyuutarku hoos u dhacaan^{(slow down)} . Mararka qaarkood waxaa sabab u ah xirashada iyo jeexjeexa laakiin sidoo kale waxay noqon kartaa wax u fudud sida hard-drive kaaga oo buuxinaya faylal aan hadda loo baahnayn. Ama faylalka nidaamka hawlgalka muhiimka ah ee si lama filaan ah loo tirtiray.

Marka tani dhacdo, waa waqtigii laga fikiri lahaa dib u dejinta nidaamka qalliinka. Waa xanuun weyn oo qoorta ah maadaama aysan ahayn geeddi-socod gaaban, laakiin marka la eego macOS, waa hab fudud. Waxaad u baahan tahay isku xirka interneedka^(Internet) in kastoo ha ka fikirin inaad tan ku samayso baska ama shayba.

Tani waa wax aan ula jeeday in aan sameeyo in muddo ah laakiin dib-u- dhigiddu^{(Procrastination)} waa saaxiibkay. Laakiin maanta, ujeeddada maqaalkan, waxaan go'aansaday inaan sameeyo.

Talaabada Koowaad – Kaabi Dhammaan Faylasha Muhiimka ah^{(Step One – Backup All Essential Files)}

Tani had iyo jeer waa tallaabada ugu horreysa ka hor inta aan dib loo dajin nidaamka hawlgalka. Si aad u tirtirto dhammaan faylalka aan loo baahnayn ka dibna ku kaydi inta soo hadhay ha ahaato kaydinta daruuraha, usha USB , ama wadida adag ee la saari karo.

Xusuusnow^(Remember) inaad sidoo kale kaydiso maktabadaada iTunes, xogtaada iMovie, iyo xogta sawiradaada^(Photos) . Kuwan waxa lagu jiidi karaa kaydinta la qaadi karo ka dibna dib loogu soo celin karaa kombayutarka mar kale ka dib marka hawshani dhamaato.

Haddii aad isticmaasho Time Machine , markaas habkan gurmad tani waa mid aad u fudud.

Tallaabada Labaad - Dami FileVault^{(Step Two – Turn Off FileVault)}

Inaad haysato FileVault waxay kaa joojinaysaa inaad dib u habayn ku samayso oo aad dib u rakibto darawalka adag. Markaa gal System Preferences–>Security & Privacy oo dami. Tani waxay qaadan kartaa ilaa 30 daqiiqo ee samir. Tag kafee ama wax ka samee.

Tillaabada Saddexaad – Miyaad siraysatay Disk-ga Bilowga ah?^{(Step Three – Have You Encrypted The Start-Up Disk?)}

Nabadgelyada awgeed, waxay ahayd inaad bilawgii hore sir ka dhigato diskkaaga bilowga ah^{(encrypted your startup disk)} . Dhibka yar ee tan ayaa ah in haddii aad ilowdo erayga sirta ah ee sirta ah, weligaa mar dambe ma furi kartid oo marna dib uma rakibi kartid macOS.

I^(Trust) rumaysta, waxaan ka hadlayaa waayo-aragnimadii hore ee qadhaadh ee halkan.

Haddii aad u malaynayso inaad taqaan eraygaaga sirta ah, dib u bilaw kombayutarka oo isla markaa, hay furayaasha CMD + RTani waxay markaas ku tusi doontaa shaashadda qufulka ee kore (taas oo ay ahayd inaan sawiro maadaama aanan samayn karin sawir-qaadista heerkan).

Geli eraygaaga sirta ah kadibna shaashadu way isbedeli doontaa si ay tan ku tusto. Mar labaad^(Again) , Waxaan u lahaa in ay sawir la iPhone si aan raali galin tayada aan-si-si-fiican.

Haddii aadan aqoon eraygaaga sirta ah markaas waxaad si dhab ah u nasiib badan tahay maadaama xitaa Apple uusan kuu furi doonin.

Talaabada Afraad – Tirtir waxa ku jira Hard Drive-ka^{(Step Four – Erase The Contents Of The Hard Drive)}

Sida aad ka arki karto menu-ka sare, waxaa jira ikhtiyaar la yiraahdo " Utility Disk^{(Disk Utility)} ". Dooro taas ka dibna dooro diskka meesha uu ku rakiban yahay nidaamka hawlgalka. Xaaladeyda, waxaa jira hal disk oo keliya laakiin haddii aad tahay dual-booting, waxaad yeelan doontaa wax ka badan hal.

Hadda dhagsii "Erase" oo sanduuq yar ayaa soo bixi doona oo ku weydiin doona magaca la rabo ee darawalka cusub ee la qaabeeyey iyo sidoo kale nooca faylka ( APFS ). Waxaan ku talin lahaa in laga tago sida ay yihiin.

Tirtiridda dhab ahaantii waxay qaadataa ilbiriqsiyo (waayo-aragnimadayda si kastaba). Marka la dhammeeyo, qaybta "la isticmaalo" ee saxanka waa inay ahaataa mid yar ( xaaladdeyda, 20KB). Halkaa marka ay marayso, wax kasta oo kombayuutarkaaga ku jiray way baxeen.

Xir daaqada Utility Disk^{(Disk Utility)} waxaana lagugu soo celin doonaa shaashadda Utilities .

Tallaabada Shanaad - Dooro ikhtiyaarka dib u dejinta ee aad doorbidayso^{(Step Five – Choose Your Preferred Reinstalling Option)}

Hadda waxa jira laba ikhtiyaar oo ku jira daaqada Utilities oo aad ka dooran karto.

Marka hore waa kaydinta Time Machine . Haddii aad caado u tahay inaad si joogto ah ugu taageerto Mashiinka Waqtiga^{(Time Machine)} , iyo hal maalin, waxaad si lama filaan ah u tirtirtaa dhammaan faylasha nidaamka, waxaad ku soo celin kartaa kombuyuutarka kaydka Time Machine , waxaad dhahdaa, maalin ka hor. ^{(Time Machine)}Tani waxay la mid noqon doontaa samaynta System Restore ee PC Windows ah.^(Windows)

Laakin ma isticmaalo Time Machine (waxaan gacanta ku hayaa gurmad). Markaa aniga iyo kuwa kale oo ila mid ah, ikhtiyaarka kale ee kaliya ayaa ah in la doorto ikhtiyaarka "dib u soo dejinta macOS". Markaa sii wad oo taabo taas, oo guji "Continue" marka ay ku soo jeediso.

Talaabada Lixaad – Iska yeel inaad akhrido Heshiiska Isticmaalaha^{(Step Six – Pretend To Read The User Agreement)}

Hadda waxaa lagu weydiin doonaa inaad akhrido heshiiska isticmaale. Samee waxa uu dadka kale sameeyo oo iska dhig inaad akhriday oo guji "Agree". Ha werwerin, Apple waligeed ma ogaan doonto.

Hadda dooro saxan si aad ugu rakibto nidaamka qalliinka. Xaaladeyda, waxaa jira hal disk oo keliya. Dooro oo sii wad.

Habka dib-u-dajinta ayaa hadda bilaaban doona.

Kumbuyuutarku dhawr jeer ayuu dib u bilaabmi doonaa inta hawsha lagu gudo jiro oo waxay qaadan kartaa ilaa saacad ama ka badan inuu dhammeeyo. Waxa fiican ayaa ah in ay wax walba keligeed samayso hadda wixii ka dambeeya si aad u bixi karto oo aad wax kale u qabato inta lagu jiro wakhtigaas. Maadan ku dhegin daawashada shaashada daawashada noloshaada oo sii baxaysa.

Talaabada Toddobaad - Wax walba Dib u Celi^{(Step Seven – Set Everything Back Up Again)}

Marka nidaamka dib loo rakibo, waa inaad bilawdaa habka caajiska ah ee wax ku soo celinta sidii ay ahaan jireen. Tan waxaa ka mid noqon doona:

• Daarida Firewall-ka
• Daarida FileVault
• Dib-u-wargelinta diskka bilowga ah.
• Dib u rakibida abkaaga
• Ku soo celinta faylasha muhiimka ah ee kombiyuutarkaaga kaydintaada.
• Ku darista qufulka shaashadda PIN koodka

Asal ahaan waa inaad dhex martaa Nidaamka Dookhyada^{(System Preferences)} oo aad hubisaa shay kasta mid mid. Kumbuyuutarku hadda waxa uu dib ugu soo laabtay habaynta warshadda sidaa darteed wax ka beddelka iyo habaynta aad hore u samaysay way meesha ka baxaysaa.

Waxaa jira hage weyn oo la yiraahdo Hardening macOS [xusuusinta aan shaqaynayn] kaas oo ku siinaya liis aad u weyn (in ka badan 40) ee taxaddarrada amniga waa inaad ku qabataa rakib cusub oo macOS ah. Waxaan aad ugu talinayaa inaad tixraacdo oo aad sameyso inta ugu badan ee suurtogalka ah. Qaarkood waxaa laga yaabaa inay u ekaan karaan kilsi xad dhaaf ah laakiin weligaa aad uga taxaddari kartid.

How To Hard Reset a Mac OS X Computer & Reinstall The OS

It’s a fact of life that computers slow down. Sometimes it’s due to wear and tear but it can also be something as simple as your hard-drive filling up with files that are no longer needed. Or essential operating system files that are accidentally deleted.

When this happens, it’s time to consider reinstalling the operating system. It is a monumental pain in the neck as it is not a short process, but in the case of macOS, it is an easy process. You need an Internet connection though so don’t think about doing this on the bus or anything.

This is something I have been meaning to do for a while but Procrastination is my friend. But today, for the purposes of this article, I have decided to get it done.

Step One – Backup All Essential Files

This is always the first step before reinstalling an operating system. To delete all unneeded files then backup the rest either on cloud storage, a USB stick, or a removable hard drive.

Remember to also backup your iTunes library, your iMovie database, and your Photos database. These can be dragged onto portable storage and then dragged back onto the computer again later when this process is over.

If you use Time Machine, then this backup process is very easy.

Step Two – Turn Off FileVault

Having FileVault on stops you from reformatting and reinstalling the hard drive. So go into System Preferences–>Security & Privacy and turn it off. This can take up to 30 minutes so be patient. Go make a coffee or something.

Step Three – Have You Encrypted The Start-Up Disk?

For reasons of security, you should have encrypted your startup disk from the very beginning. The slight downside to this is that if you forget the encryption password, you can never unlock it ever again and can never reinstall macOS.

Trust me, I am speaking from very bitter past experience here.

Assuming you know your password, restart the computer and at the same time, hold down the CMD + R keys. This will then show you the padlock screen above (which I had to photograph since I can’t do screenshots at this stage).

Enter your password and the screen will then change to show you this. Again, I had to take a photo with my iPhone so apologies for the not-so-perfect quality.

If you don’t know your password then you are seriously out of luck as not even Apple will unlock it for you.

Step Four – Erase The Contents Of The Hard Drive

As you can see from the menu above, there is an option called “Disk Utility”. Choose that and then select the disk where the operating system is installed on. In my case, there is only one disk but if you are dual-booting, you will have more than one.

Now click “Erase” and a small box will pop up asking you for the desired name of the newly formatted drive as well as the file format type (APFS). I would recommend leaving them as they are.

Erasing takes literally seconds (in my experience anyway). When it is done, the “Used” part of the disk should be minuscule (in my case, 20KB). At this point, everything on your computer is gone.

Close the Disk Utility window and you’ll be bounced back to the Utilities screen.

Step Five – Choose Your Preferred Reinstalling Option

Now there are actually two options in the Utilities window you can choose from.

The first is the Time Machine backup. If you are in the habit of regularly backing up with Time Machine, and one day, you accidentally delete a whole bunch of system files, you could just roll the computer back to a Time Machine backup from, say, the day before. This would be the equivalent of doing a System Restore on a Windows PC.

But I don’t use Time Machine (I manually backup). So for me and others like me, the only other option is to choose the “Reinstall macOS” option. So go ahead and click on that, and click “Continue” when it prompts you.

Step Six – Pretend To Read The User Agreement

You will now be asked to read the user agreement. Do what everyone else does and pretend you read it and click “Agree”. Don’t worry, Apple will never know.

Now choose a disk to install the operating system on. In my case, there is only one disk. Choose it and continue.

The re-installation process will now begin.

The computer will restart several times during the process and can take up to an hour or more to finish. The nice thing is that it does everything by itself from now on so you can go off and do something else in the meantime. You’re not stuck staring at the screen watching your life slip away.

Step Seven – Set Everything Back Up Again

Once the system has been reinstalled, you will have to begin the tedious process of putting things back to the way they were. This will include :

• Switching on the Firewall.
• Switching on FileVault.
• Re-encrypting the startup disk.
• Reinstalling your apps.
• Bringing essential files back onto the computer from your backups.
• Adding a screen lock PIN code.

Essentially you have to go through System Preferences and check each thing one by one. The computer is now back to factory settings so any tweaks and customizations you previously made will be gone.

There is a great guide called Hardening macOS [note link not working] which gives you a huge list (more than 40) of security precautions you should carry out with a fresh install of macOS. I highly recommend you refer to it and do as many of them as possible. Some of it might sound like overkill but you can never be too careful.

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