Horaan waxaan u qoray qoraal ku saabsan sida loo ogaado leechers WiFi^{(how to detect WiFi leechers)} ee shabakadaada waxaanan xusay dhowr apps ee casriga ah oo aad isticmaali karto si aad u sawirto shabakadaada guriga. Apps-yadu waxay qabtaan shaqo aad u wanaagsan oo ah inay si toos ah u baadho shabakadaada oo ay ku siiyaan faahfaahin qalab kasta.

Faahfaahin badan kama aan gelin abka ku jira boostada maadaama ay diiradda saartay qabashada isticmaaleyaasha aan la oggolayn ee shabakaddaada. Maqaalkan, waxaan si faahfaahsan uga hadli doonaa labadan apps ee loo isticmaali karo aaladaha Apple ama Android sidoo kale waxaan xusi doonaa barnaamijyada desktop-ka ee aad ku shaqeyn karto Windows iyo Mac OS X.^{(Mac OS X)}

Qalabkan shabakadaha iskaanka ah waxay kuu oggolaanayaan inaadan kaliya arkin dhammaan aaladaha shabakadaada iyo cinwaanadooda IP, laakiin sidoo kale fiiri saamiyada saamiyada, furaha dekedaha TCP/UDP , cinwaanada MAC hardware iyo in ka badan. Haddaba maxaad u danaynaysaa macluumaadkan?

Inkastoo ay xoogaa farsamo tahay, xogtu waxay kaa caawin kartaa inaad ka dhigto shabakadaada mid ammaan badan. Tusaale ahaan, waxaa laga yaabaa inaad hesho faylal si shil ah loogu wadaago shabakadaada. Qof kasta oo ku xira shabakadaada fiilada ama fiilo-la'aanta wuxuu si fudud u raadsan karaa faylalka la wadaago oo uu xogtaas ku koobi karo kombayutarkiisa.

Markaad eegto dekedaha u furan kombuyutarka ama aaladda, waxaad si fudud u arki kartaa in desktop-ka fog uu shaqaynayo, in FTP ama HTTP server uu shaqaynayo iyo in wadaagista faylalka uu shaqaynayo iyo in kale. Haddi aanad waligaa ku xidhin kombuyutarkaga meel fog, markaas in aad ka shaqeysiiso desktop-ka fog waa khatar amni.

Sawirka Shabakadda Daaqadaha

Aan ku bilowno qalab bilaash ah oo loogu talagalay kombuyuutarrada Windows^{(Windows PCs)} ee loo yaqaan SoftPerfect Network Scanner . Waan jeclahay qalabkan sababtoo ah inta badan waa la cusboonaysiiyaa, ku shaqeeya Windows 10 oo wuxuu leeyahay nooca 32-bit iyo 64-bit. Sidoo kale barnaamijku uma baahna wax rakibaad ah, taas oo macnaheedu yahay in aad ku qaadi karto ul USB ah ama aad ku kaydsan karto Dropbox oo aad ku isticmaali karto kumbuyuutar kasta oo aad rabto.

Markaad ku socodsiiso faylka la fulin karo noocaaga Windows ( go'aami haddii aad leedahay 32-bit ama 64-bit Windows ), waxaad arki kartaa fariin sheegaya in Windows Firewall uu xannibay barnaamijka. Hubi^(Make) in shabakadaha gaarka ah^{(Private networks)} la hubiyay ka dibna dhagsii Oggol gelitaanka^{(Allow access)} .

Marka barnaamijku buuxsamo, waxaad u baahan doontaa inaad geliso shabakadaada bilawga iyo dhammaadka ciwaanka IP-ga. Haddii aadan tan garanayn, ha welwelin. Kaliya^(Just) dhagsii Options , Ciwaanka IP-ga^{( IP Address)} kadibna dhagsii Auto Detect Local IP Range .

Waxaad heli doontaa daaqad soo baxday oo leh ciwaannada IP-ga ee la ogaaday ee IPV4 iyo IPV6 kaadhadhka shabkada ee aad rakibtay, oo ay ku jiraan kuwa casriga ah. Isticmaalayaasha guriga intooda badan, waxaad kaliya arki doontaa hal shay oo ku hoos qoran IPv4 iyo IPv6 labadaba . Ilaa aad haysatid IPV6 , waa inaad gujisaa kaarka shabakada ee ku hoos qoran IPv4 .

Hadda waxaa lagugu keenayaa interface-ka ugu muhiimsan mar labaad, laakiin hadda kala duwanaanshaha ciwaanka IP-ga ayaa lagu buuxin doonaa. Waxaad arki doontaa badhanka Scanning Start^{(Start Scanning)} ee dhanka midig, kaas oo aad gujin karto si aad u bilowdo iskaanka.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waa inaad marka hore dejisaa ikhtiyaarka iskaanka ka hor intaadan samayn iskaanka. Guji ^(Click)Ikhtiyaarada^(Options) ka dibna Xulashada Barnaamijka^{(Program Options)} . Tabka Guud^(General) , ikhtiyaarka kaliya ee aad rabto inaad hubiso waa had iyo jeer falanqeyso qalabka^{(Always analyze device)} . Sida caadiga ah, barnaamijka iskaanka ayaa kaliya ku tusi doona aaladaha ka jawaaba codsiyada qaarkood, markaa liiska kama dambaysta ahi ma muujin karo dhammaan aaladaha dhabta ah ee shabakadaada ku jira sababtoo ah aaladaha qaar si fudud ugama jawaabaan.

Sawirku wuxuu qaadanayaa xoogaa xoogaa dheer (dhowr daqiiqo marka loo eego dhowr ilbiriqsi), laakiin way u qalantaa haddii aad runtii rabto inaad aragto qalab kasta oo shabakadaada ah. Tabaha ^{(Workstation)}Dheeraadka^(Additional) ah iyo Goobta Shaqada ayaa runtii faa'iido u leh deegaanka shirkadaha halkaas oo aad haysato mashiinno badan oo isku shabakad ah oo aad rabto inaad hesho macluumaadka ku saabsan kombiyuutar kasta. Dekeddu waa meesha aan ku xigi karno .^(Ports)

Hubi sanduuqa dekedaha TCP ee furan^{(Check for open TCP ports)} ka dibna ku dhufo astaanta warqadda yar ee midigta fog ee sanduuqa qoraalka. Tani waxay furi doontaa daaqad kale oo taxaysa qaar ka mid ah kooxaha dekedaha TCP . Waxaad dooneysaa inaad gujiso HTTP iyo Proxy^{(HTTP and Proxy)} ka dibna riix SHIFT furaha oo guji server-yada Database^{( Database servers)} si aad u doorato dhammaan seddexda shay.

Dib ugu noqo shaashadda weyn, waa inaad aragto dhammaan nambarada dekedda ee ku qoran sanduuqa qoraalka. Hore u soco oo sidoo kale calaamadee dhammaan sanduuqyada dekedaha UDP ee furan^{(open UDP ports)} . Halkaa marka ay marayso, dhagsii OK si aad ugu noqoto shaashadda barnaamijka ugu weyn. Hadda guji Start Scanning oo waa inaad aragto natiijooyinka si tartiib tartiib ah loogu daray liiska.

Tijaabooyinkeyga, barnaamijku wuxuu awooday inuu helo 16 aaladaha shabakadda markii la hubinayo Had iyo jeer falanqaynta aaladda^{(Always analyze device)} marka la barbar dhigo 11 shay oo keliya marka aan la hubin. Shay kasta oo calamad dheeri ah ku leh bidixda ciwaanka IP-ga waxay la macno tahay inay leedahay faylal la wadaago. Waxaad riix kartaa calaamadda + si aad u aragto galka la wadaago.

Tiirka Magaca martida^{(Host Name)} loo yahay waa inuu ku siyaa si fudud oo lagu fahmi karo magaca aaladda. Dhanka midig, waxaad ku arki doontaa tiir la yiraahdo TCP Ports , kaas oo ku qori doona dhammaan dekedaha u furan aaladdaas. Sida iska cad, tiradu macno badan ma samaynayso ilaa aad garanayso waxa ay ula jeedaan, haddaba bal eeg boggan Wikipedia^{(Wikipedia page)} oo si faahfaahsan u qeexaya nambar kasta oo deked ah.

Haddii ay jiraan wax ay ku qoran yihiin dekedda 80 ( HTTP ), taasi badanaa waxay la macno tahay inay leedahay nooc ka mid ah interface-ka shabakadda oo waxaad isku dayi kartaa inaad ku xirto biraawsarkaaga adigoo si fudud u qoraya cinwaanka IP-ga. Port 443 waxaa loogu talagalay HTTP ( HTTPS ), taas oo macnaheedu yahay inaad sidoo kale si ammaan ah ugu xidhi karto.

Sawirka Shabakadda Mac

On Mac , waxaad leedahay dhowr doorasho. LanScan waa app bilaash ah oo ku yaal dukaanka Mac^{(Mac Store)} kaas oo sameeya iskaan aad u fudud oo muujinaya ciwaanka IP-ga, ciwaanka MAC , magaca martida^(Hostname) iyo iibiyaha^(Vendor) . Nooca bilaashka ah wuxuu kaliya liis gareyn doonaa afarta magac ee ugu horreeya si buuxda inta soo hartayna waxay muujin doontaa oo keliya saddexda xaraf ee ugu horreeya. Waxoogaa dhibsado, laakiin malaha heshiis wayn maaha shabakadaha guriga.

Waxa kale oo aad ogaan doontaa in ay heshay 12 shay oo keliya taasina waa sababta oo ah ma laha wax ikhtiyaar ah oo lagu sawiro ciwaanka IP kasta iyada oo aan loo eegin haddii uu ka jawaabayo iyo in kale. Sawir-qaade shabakad ka fiican oo loogu talagalay Mac waa Sawir-qaade IP-ga xanaaqsan ee^{(Angry IP Scanner)} hoos lagu muujiyey. Waa il furan waxayna ka shaqeysaa Windows , Mac iyo Linux .

Sida caadiga ah, barnaamijku wuxuu sidoo kale sawiraa dekedaha furan, kuwaas oo LanScan aanu samayn. Arrinka kaliya ee ku saabsan barnaamijkan waa in aad ku rakibtay Java si aad u socodsiiso barnaamijka. Java waa khatar amni oo weyn waxayna naafo ka tahay Mac-yada intooda badan si^(Macs) caadi ah, marka waa inaad gacanta ku soo gelisaa.

Apps-ka Taleefanka Casriga ah

Waxaan haystaa laba apps oo aan isticmaalo, labaduba waa bilaash, iyo mid aad ku soo dejisan karto aaladaha Apple ama aaladaha Android . Labada barnaamijba aad bay u fiican yihiin oo aad bay ku siinayaan macluumaad isku mid ah, laakiin mid kastaa wuxuu leeyahay faa'iidooyinkeeda iyo dhimistiisa.

Fing waa app bilaash ah oo laga heli karo dukaanka Google Play^{(Google Play store)} iyo dukaanka iTunes^{(iTunes store)}  wuxuuna leeyahay muuqaal muuqaal leh. Uma baahnid inaad ka walwasho inaad geliso nooc kasta oo ciwaanka IP ah abkaan sababtoo ah iyagaa iskood u garwaaqsada. Markaad ku bilowdo iskaanka Fing , waxaad heli doontaa liis wanaagsan oo qalab ah oo leh macluumaad aasaasi ah sida magaca martida loo yahay, cinwaanka MAC , cinwaanka IP-ga iwm.

Haddii aad ku dhufatid aalad, waxaad heli doontaa shaashad kale oo aad siin karto aaladda magac gaar ah (qaab aan runtii jeclahay), geli meel oo xitaa ku dar qoraallo dheeraad ah. Haddii aad hoos u dhaadhacdo, waxaad arki doontaa ikhtiyaarka la yiraahdo Services , kaas oo kuu ogolaanaya inaad aragto qalabka si aad u furto dekedaha.

Hoos-u-dhaca kaliya ee aan ku arkay app-kan ayaa ah in aanu ku taxnayn dhammaan aaladaha shabakadda. Waxa kaliya oo ay qabatay ilaa 12 aaladaha shabakadayda marka loo eego 16 in barnaamijka Windows uu helay.

App-ka labaad ee aan jeclahay isticmaalka waa Net Analyzer , oo laga heli karo App Store lacag la'aan. Waxa aad samaynaysaa iskaanka adiga oo taabsiinaya badhanka Scan ee dhinaca midigta ah waxa aad heli doontaa liiska dhammaan qalabkaaga dhawr ilbiriqsi gudahood.

Isticmaalka app-kan, waxaan helay 15 qalab, kuwaas oo aad ugu dhawaa tirada guud ee qalabka shabakada. Shabakadda Analyzer , waxaad sidoo kale ku arki doontaa xarfo midab leh oo ku yaal aaladaha adeegyada qaarkood karti u leh. Cagaaran P macnaheedu waa pingable, bunni B macnaheedu waa adeegyada Bonjour waa la heli karaa (Aaladaha ^(Bonjour)Apple ), guduudka G macnaheedu waa qalab albaab (router, iwm), buluug U macnaheedu waa adeegyada UPNP iyo DLNA waa la heli karaa.

Waxaad ku dhejin kartaa qalabka si aad u hesho macluumaad dheeraad ah oo aad u sameyso weydiimaha qalabka. Taabo Weydiinta Qalabka^(Tools) ikhtiyaarka ah ee hoos ku qoran marka aad taabato qalab gaar ah.

Shaashadda xigta, waxaad arki doontaa dhawr ikhtiyaar oo ay ku jiraan Ping, Route , Ports , Whois iyo DNS . Taabo dekedaha, dooro Common ama All ka dibna taabo Bilow xagga sare.

Marka uu sawirku socdo, waxa aad arkaysaa dekedaha furan oo shaqaynaya iyo waliba dekedaha xidhan. App-ku waxa kale oo uu leeyahay qalabyo kale oo aad isticmaali karto si aad u baadho aaladaha gaarka ah ee shabakada si aad u hesho macluumaad dheeraad ah.

Waxaan rajeyneynaa, qalabkani wuxuu kuu ogolaanayaa inaad si buuxda u aragto qalabka ku jira shabakadaada iyo adeegyada iyo dekedaha furan. Haddii aad wax su'aalo ah qabtid, xor ayaad u tahay inaad faallo ka bixiso. Ku raaxayso!

How to Scan Your Network for Devices and Open Ports

Earlier I had written a post on how to detect WiFi leechers on your network and mentioned a couple of smartphone apps you could use to scan your home network. The apps do a pretty good job of scanning your network automatically and giving you some details on each device.

I didn’t go into much detail about the apps in that post since it was focused on catching unauthorized users on your network. In this article, I’ll talk in more detail about these two apps that can be used on Apple or Android devices and I’ll also mention desktop apps that you can run on Windows and Mac OS X.

These network scanning tools allow you to not only see all the devices on your network and their IP addresses, but also view folders shares, open TCP/UDP ports, hardware MAC addresses and more. So why would you care about this information?

Though it’s a bit technical, the information can help you make your network more secure. For example, you may find folders that are being shared on your network by accident. Anyone who connects to your network via cable or wireless could then easily search for shared folders and copy that data to their computer.

When looking at open ports for a computer or device, you can easily see whether remote desktop is enabled, whether an FTP or HTTP server is running and whether file sharing is enabled or not. If you never connect to your computer remotely, then having remote desktop enabled is just a security risk.

Windows Network Scanner

Let’s start off with a free tool for Windows PCs called SoftPerfect Network Scanner. I like this tool because it’s updated often, runs on Windows 10 and has a 32-bit and 64-bit version. The program also doesn’t require any installation, which means you can carry it on a USB stick or save it to Dropbox and use it on any computer you want.

When you run the executable file for your version of Windows (determine if you have 32-bit or 64-bit Windows), you might see a message saying that Windows Firewall has blocked the program. Make sure Private networks is checked and then click on Allow access.

Once the program loads, you’ll need to enter your network starting and ending IP address range. If you don’t know this, don’t worry. Just click on Options, IP Address and then click on Auto Detect Local IP Range.

You’ll get a popup window with the detected IP addresses for IPv4 and IPv6 on any network cards you have installed, including virtual ones. For most home users, you’re only going to see one item listed under both IPv4 and IPv6. Unless you have IPv6 setup, you should click on the network card listed under IPv4.

Now you’ll be brought to the main interface again, but now the IP address range will be filled in. You’ll see the Start Scanning button at the right, which you can click to start a scan.

However, you should first set the scanning options before performing a scan. Click on Options and then Program Options. On the General tab, the only option you may want to check is Always analyze device. By default, the scanning program will only show you devices that respond to certain requests, so the final list may not show all the devices that are actually on your network because some devices simply do not respond.

The scan does take quite a bit longer (several minutes compared to several seconds), but it’s worth it if you really want to see every device on your network. The Additional and Workstation tabs are really only useful for corporate environments where you have many machines on the same network and you want to get information about each computer. The Ports tab is where we can to go next.

Check the Check for open TCP ports box and then click on the little paper icon at the far right of the text box. This will open another window that lists out some TCP port groups. You want to click on HTTP and Proxy and then press the SHIFT key and click on Database servers to select all three items.

Back on the main screen, you should see all the port numbers listed in the text box. Go ahead and also check all the boxes for open UDP ports. At this point, click OK to go back to the main program screen. Now click Start Scanning and you should see results slowly added to the list.

In my tests, the program was able to find 16 devices on the network when checking the Always analyze device option compared to just 11 items when not checked. Any item with a plus sign to the left of the IP address means that it has shared folders. You can click on the + sign to see the shared folders.

The Host Name column should give you an easy to understand name for the device. On the right, you’ll see a column called TCP Ports, which will list out all the open ports for that device. Obviously, the numbers don’t make much sense unless you know what they means, so check out this Wikipedia page that describes each port number in detail.

If anything has port 80 (HTTP) listed, that usually means it has some kind of web interface and you can try connecting to it via your browser by simply typing in the IP address. Port 443 is for secure HTTP (HTTPS), which means you can connect to it securely also.

Mac Network Scanner

On the Mac, you have a couple of options. LanScan is a free app on the Mac Store that does a very simple scan and displays the IP address, MAC address, Hostname and Vendor. The free version will only list the first four hostnames fully and the rest will only show the first three characters. A little annoying, but probably not a huge deal on most home networks.

You’ll also notice that it only found 12 items and that’s because it doesn’t have any options to scan each IP address regardless of whether it responds or not. A better network scanner for the Mac is Angry IP Scanner shown below. It’s open source and works on Windows, Mac and Linux.

By default, the program also scans open ports, which LanScan does not do. The only issue with this program is that you have to have Java installed in order to run the program. Java is a big security risk and is disabled on most Macs by default, so you would have to enable it manually.

Smartphone Apps

I have two apps that I use, both of which are free, and one that can you download on Apple devices or Android devices. Both apps are excellent and pretty much give you the same info, but each has its pluses and minuses.

Fing is a free app that is available on the Google Play store and the iTunes store and has a great looking interface. You don’t have to worry about entering any IP address range with these apps because they figure it out on their own. Once you start a scan with Fing, you’ll get a nice looking list of devices with some basic info like hostname, MAC address, IP address etc.

If you tap on a device, you’ll get another screen where you can give the device a custom name (a feature I really like), enter a location and even add additional notes. If you scroll down, you’ll see an option called Services, which lets you see scan the device for open ports.

The only downside I have seen with this app is that it doesn’t list out all the devices on the network. It only caught about 12 devices on my network out of the 16 that the Windows program had found.

The second app I like using is Net Analyzer, available from the App Store for free. You run a scan by tapping the Scan button at the top right and you’ll get a list of all your devices within a few seconds.

Using this app, I got 15 devices, which was pretty close to the total number of devices on the network. With Net Analyzer, you’ll also see some colored letters on devices that have certain services enabled. The green P means it is pingable, the brown B means Bonjour services are available (Apple devices), the red G means it’s a gateway device (router, etc), and a blue U means UPNP and DLNA services are available.

You can tap on a device to get more information and perform queries on the device. Tap the Query with Tools option shown below once you tap on a particular device.

On the next screen, you’ll see several options including Ping, Route, Ports, Whois and DNS. Tap on Ports, choose Common or All and then tap Start at the top.

As the scan progresses, you’ll see the ports that are open and active and also which ports are blocked. The app also has other tools that you can use to scan specific devices on the network to get more information.

Hopefully, these tools will allow you to fully see what devices are on your network and what services and ports are open. If you have any questions, feel free to post a comment. Enjoy!

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