Garaafyada kombuyuutarku^(Computer) aad ayey u casriyeysan yihiin maalmahan. Gaar ahaan ciyaaraha fiidyaha, some of which are almost photorealistic!Waxaas oo dhan waxaa mahad iska leh qayb qalabeedka u go'an oo loo yaqaan GPU ama unugga farsamaynta garaafyada^{(GPU or graphics processing unit)} . Microprocessor casri ah oo leh nashqad aad uga duwan CPU (cutubka habaynta dhexe)^{(CPU (central processing unit))} kaas oo gacanta ku haya dhammaan hawlaha habaynta ujeedada guud. 

In kasta oo CPU -gu uu u dhaqmi karo sida GPU oo kale , haddana aad bay uga xun tahay. GPU - gu waxa ay isticmaashaa kumaan kun oo processor-yada yaryar ah kuwaaso wada shaqeeya si ay u qabtaan hawlo garaafyo la xidhiidha oo aad iyo aad u^(very) degdeg badan.

Maqaalkan waxaan ku sharixi doonaa sida loo doorto kaadhka garaafyada saxda ah ee adiga iyo sida aad u bedeli lahayd kaarka garaafyada ee hadda ku jira nidaamka PC-gaaga. Waxaan sidoo kale taaban doonaa dhowrka doorasho ee casriyeynta ee isticmaalayaasha laptop-yada laga yaabo inay haystaan.

Kaararka garaafyada vs GPU-ga dhex-jira vs GPU-yada Discrete^{(Graphics cards vs Embedded GPU vs Discrete GPUs)}

Waxaad maqli doontaa ereyada " GPU " iyo "kaararka garaafyada" oo la istcmaali karo la beddeli karo, taas oo u fiican inta badan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ereyga kaarka garaafyada ayaa si gaar ah loola jeedaa la saari karo, looxyada GPU -da ee madax-banaan ee la cusboonaysiin karo. 

GPU^(GPUs) -yada “ku-xidhan ” waxa loo dhisay CPU-yada^(CPUs) ama waxay ka samaysan yihiin qayb ka mid ah hal “system-on-chip”, sida aad ka heli karto casriga ama tablet-ka. GPU^(Discrete) - yada laptop - yada^(GPUs) ee ku jira laptop-yada asal ahaan waxay u dhigmaan kaararka garaafyada, laakiin waxaa loo dhisay nidaamka hab aan inta badan ka hortageynin cusboonaysiinta qaybta. 

In kasta oo aan qaar ka reeban wax yar hoos uga gudbi doono.

Waxa aad u baahan tahay inaad ka ogaato Tilmaamaha^{(What You Need To Know About Specifications)}

Kaadhka garaafyada waxa uu aad ugu eg yahay kombiyuutar dhan oo gaar ah. Waxay ku xidhaa inta kale ee kumbiyuutarka iyada oo loo marayo xidhiidh jidheed oo xawli sare leh, inta badana isticmaalaya borotokoolka PCIe ( Peripheral Component Interconnect eXpress). Waqtiga qorista PCIe 3.0 waa nooca ugu dambeeyay ee borotokoolkan. 

Kumbuyuutarada kombayutarada kaararkani waxay isticmaalaan boos dheer, badiyaa booska PCIe x16 . Tani waxay tusinaysaa in boosku leeyahay 16 "waddo" oo diyaar u ah gudbinta xogta. Motherboard-yo badan ayaa laga yaabaa inay leeyihiin boosas badan, qaar leh haad yar, si ay awood ugu yeeshaan kaararka garaafyada badan ee hal nidaam. Taas halkan kaga hadli mayno, maadaama aanay khusayn inta badan isticmaalayaasha.

Markaad eegto tilmaamaha si aad u doorato kaadhka garaafyada saxda ah, waxaad caadi ahaan arki doontaa shuruudahan:

• Tirada kombuyuutarrada/processors
• Qadarka xusuusta
• Xawaaraha GPU waxaa lagu cabiray GHz
• Shuruudaha awoodda

Marka ay timaado tafaasiisha guud ee ku saabsan xawaaraha GPU -ga ama tirooyinka xudunta u ah, run ahaantii maahan inaad fiiro gaar ah siiso. Maadaama aysan tirooyinkaas run ahaantii kuu sheegin sida ugu wanaagsan ee kaadhka garaafyada ee su'aasha ku jirta uu u shaqayn doono.

Taa beddelkeeda, aad bay ugu waxtar badan tahay in la eego bartilmaameedyada kaadhkaas gaarka ah ee internetka. Waxaad sidoo kale u baahan tahay inaad naftaada u qeexdo natiijooyinka. Tusaale ahaan, haddii aad tahay cayaaryahan, go'aanso koobabka gaarka ah ee aad aadka u rabto inaad ciyaarto. U fiirso xalka kormeerahaagu isticmaalo oo go'aanso waxa qaabaysan ee lagu aqbali karo. 

Hadda raadi lambarada waxqabadka ee kaadhka aad ka fiirsaneyso ee ku habboon xaaladaada. Kaadhku ma ku socodsiin karaa cinwaannada xawaaraha, faahfaahinta iyo dejinta xallinta aad rabto? 

Liis garee kaadhadhka u muuqda inay ku siinayaan waxaad raadinayso ka bacdina tixgeli qiimaha In kasta oo aad hoos u dhigi karto faahfaahin xad dhaaf ah, habkan gaaban oo macaan ayaa u shaqayn doona dadka intooda badan, inta badan.

Tilmaamaha soo haray ayaa mudan waqtigaaga. Waa inaad gabi ahaanba u hogaansantaa shuruudaha ugu yar ee sahayda tamarta ee uu sheegay kaar sameeyayuhu. Haddii tani ay ka dhigan tahay iibsashada sahay koronto cusub, ka dibna ku darso wadarta qiimahaaga!

Tigidhada ugu dambeeya ee tigidh-weyn waa qadarka xusuusta fiidiyowga. Halkani waa halka xogta lagu kaydiyo si dhakhso loogu galo GPU . Haddii aanad haysan xusuus kugu filan, macluumaadka waa in lagu beddelaa qaabab kale oo kaydin ah, taas oo gabi ahaanba baabi'isa heerka cabbirka. Sannadka 2019, 8GB ee xusuusta waa lambar wanaagsan in la hiigsado, iyadoo 6GB ay tahay tan ugu yar, laakiin leh waqti xaddidan.

Noocyada Weyn^{(The Big Brands)}

Waxaa jira laba nooc oo GPU ah oo runtii muhiim u ah suuqa maanta: Nvidia iyo AMD . Heerka tartanka u dhexeeya labadoodu wuu kala duwan yahay jiilba jiil, laakiin Nvidia waxay leedahay saami aad u badan oo suuqa ah iyo guud ahaan GPU-yada^(GPUs) awood badan . AMD waxay si xoogan ugu baratantaa qiimaha, dhexda iyo hoose. Taas^(Which) oo kaadhadhkooda ka dhigaysa mid xiiso gaar ah u leh isticmaalayaasha caadiga ah.

Waqtiga qorista, shirkadda Intel waxay isku diyaarinaysaa inay sii deyso alaabadooda GPU ee tartanka ah. Intel waa ciyaaryahan weyn oo ku jira suuqa GPU -da ee ku duugan, iyada oo inta badan ^(GPU)CPU-yadooda^(CPUs) caadiga ah ay ka muuqdaan iyo xudunta garaafyada isku dhafan.

Ma u baahan tahay inaad danaynayso inaad doorato calaamad gaar ah oo kaadhka garaafyada? Runtii maaha. Xeeladda ugu fiican waa in la helo kaadhka ku siinaya isku dhafka ugu fiican ee waxqabadka, buuqa, isticmaalka tamarta iyo qiimaha adiga. Mararka qaarkood taasi waxay noqon doontaa kaarka AMD mararka qaarkoodna waxay ka iman doontaa Nvidia .

Sida Loo Bedelo Kaarka Sawirka Ku Jira Kombayutarkaga^{(How To Change The Graphics Card In Your Desktop PC)}

Haddii aad kaarka ku bedesho mid ka mid ah sumad isku mid ah, waxay u badan tahay in software-ka aad hore u rakibtay uu si toos ah u shaqayn doono. Kaliya^(Just) iska hubi in software-kaaga la cusboonaysiiyay 

Haddii aad beddeshay noocyada kala duwan, si fudud uninstall-ka software-ka sida aad u samayn lahayd barnaamijyada kale ee kombayutarka oo soo dejiso software saxda ah ee kaadhka cusub. Ka saar software-kii hore INTAAN bedelin kaadhadhka garaafyada oo rakib software-ka cusub MARKII^(AFTER) isbeddelku dhammaysto. 

Hadda waxaan hoos ugu dhaadhici karnaa ganacsiga jir ahaan ku rakibida kaadhka sawirada.

Haddii aad haysato kombuyuutar desktop ah oo leh kaadhka garaafyada kala duwan ama boos bannaan oo Motherboard-ka ku yaal si aad mid u dejiso, markaa waxaad cusboonaysiin kartaa waxqabadka garaafyada kombiyuutarkaaga. 

Hubi^(Make) in kaadhka aad rakibayso:

• Waxay la shaqayn doontaa tamartaada hadda.
• Ku haboonaan doona kiiskaaga.

Hubi in kombayutarkaagu dansan yahay^{(Make sure your computer is switched off)} . Si kastaba ha ahaatee, haddii ay suurtagal tahay, ka tag kumbiyuutarka oo ku xiran barta dhexe si uu u noqdo dhul ahaan. Beddel ahaan, iibso suunka dhulka^{(grounding strap)} lagu xidho ama, sida dariiqa ugu dambeeya, naftaada ku dul dhig shay ka hor intaadan taaban wax kasta oo ka kooban.

• Marka hore, fur sanduuqa kombiyuutarkaaga sida ku qoran buug-gacmeedka la socday. Inta badan waxaad u baahan tahay inaad ka saarto hal dhinac oo keliya si aad u soo bandhigto dusha sare ee Motherboard-ka iyo dhammaan boosaska kaadhka.

• Haddii aad hore u haysatid kaadhka garaafyada, ka saar fiilooyinka korantada ee kaadhka garaafyada, haddii ay jiraan.

• Marka xigta ka saar furaha saxanka haynta ee kaadhka garaafyada ku haya saxanka dambe.

• Qaybtan xigta waxay noqon kartaa mid dhib badan, iyadoo ku xidhan hadba sida uu u cidhiidhi yahay kiiskaagu. Dhabarka dambe ee booska goobta kaadhka garaafyada ee ku yaal waa clip yar oo haynta. 

• Naqshadaynta kuwaani way kala duwan yihiin hal nooc oo Motherboard-ka ka mid ah, markaa tixraac buug-gacmeedka haddii aadan garan karin sida loo sii daayo. Sii daa goos gooska
• Hadda si tartiib ah uga saar kaadhka garaafyada booska. Waxa laga yaabaa inaad u baahato in aad hore-iyo-dhabar u luxdo si aad u sii dayso. Isku day inaad sabuuradda ku xajiso cidhifyada hana ku taaban wax xidhiyaasha naxaasta ah ee qaawan maqaarkaaga qaawan. Waa inaad hadda haysataa boos bannaan.

Si aad u rakibto kaadhka garaafyada cusub si fudud u rogo tillaabooyinkan ama akhri hagahayaga qoto dheer ee ku rakibida kaadhka garaafyada cusub^{(installing a new graphics card)} .

• Hadda kombuyuutarkaaga mar kale xidh oo shid. Haddii dhammaan u dhaceen sidii la qorsheeyay, waxaad dib ugu soo laaban doontaa Windows , in kasta oo ay wataan garaafyo heerkoodu hooseeyo. Hadda waa waqtigii lagu rakibi lahaa software-ka cusub haddii aad u baahan tahay. Haddii kale, kaarka cusub waa in la ogaadaa oo si toos ah loo dejiyaa. Waad dhammaatay!

Casriyeynta garaafyada Laptop-ka^{(Upgrading Laptop Graphics)}

Haddii aad leedahay laptop leh deked Thunderbolt 3 ah oo karti u leh garaafyada dibadda^{(external graphics)} , markaa waxaad iibsan kartaa xero “eGPU” oo waxaad ku xidhi kartaa kaadhka garaafyada sidan. Qaar baa la qaadi karo marka loo eego kuwa kale, laakiin way ka jaban tahay gadashada iyo gebi ahaanba laptop cusub.

Laptop-yada qaarkood waxay leeyihiin garaafyo la cusboonaysiin karo, oo inta badan loo yaqaan modules “MXM”. La xidhiidh soo saaraha laptop-kaaga ama kala tasho dukumeentiyada si aad u aragto haddii ay taasi kugu jirto. Hadday sidaas tahay, waxay u badan tahay inay suurtogal tahay oo keliya inaad si toos ah uga iibsatid cutubyadan casriyaynta ee gaarka ah.

How to Choose and Change Your Next Graphics Card

Computer grаphics are amazingly sophisticated these days. Especially in video games, some of which are almost photorealistic! This is all thanks to a dedicated hardware component known as the GPU or graphics processing unit. A sophisticated microprocessor that has a very different design to the CPU (central processing unit) which handles all general purpose processing tasks. 

While the CPU can act like a GPU, it’s terrible at it. The GPU uses thousands of tiny processor cores that work together to perform a relatively narrow set of graphics-related tasks very, very quickly.

In this article we’ll explain how to choose the right graphics card for you and how you’d change the graphics card currently in your desktop PC system. We’ll also touch on the few upgrade options that laptop users may have.

Graphics cards vs Embedded GPU vs Discrete GPUs

You’ll hear the terms “GPU” and “graphics cards” used interchangeable, which is fine for the most part. However, the term graphics card refers specifically to removable, independent GPU boards that can be upgraded. 

“Embedded” GPUs are built into CPUs or form part of a single “system-on-a-chip”, as you’d find in a smartphone or tablet. “Discrete” GPUs in laptops are basically the equivalent of a graphics cards, but are built into the system in a way that more often than not precludes upgrading the part. 

Although we’ll go over some exceptions a little further down.

What You Need To Know About Specifications

A graphics card is very much like an entire, specialized computer all on its own. It connects to the rest of the computer through a high speed physical connection, usually using the PCIe (Peripheral Component Interconnect eXpress) protocol. At the time of writing PCIe 3.0 is the latest version of this protocol. 

On desktop PCs these cards use a long slot, usually the PCIe x16 slot. This indicates that the slot has 16 “lanes” available for data transmission. Many motherboards may have multiple slots, some with fewer lanes, to enable multiple graphics cards in one system. We won’t be discussing that here, since it’s irrelevant to the vast majority of users.

When looking at the specifications to choose the right graphics card, you’ll typically see these terms:

• Number of cores/processors
• Amount of memory
• GPU speed measured in Ghz
• Power requirements

When it comes to the granular detail about GPU speed or core numbers, you don’t really have to pay much attention. Since those numbers don’t actually tell you how well the graphics card in question will perform.

Instead, it’s much more efficient to look up benchmarks for that particular card online. You also need to contextualize the results for yourself. For example, if you are a gamer, decide which specific titles you most want to play. Note what resolution your monitor uses and decide what framerate is acceptable to you. 

Now search for performance numbers of the card you are considering that match your situation. Can the card run titles at the speed, detail and resolution settings you want? 

Shortlist the cards that seem to provide what you are looking for and then take price into consideration. While you can dig down into extreme details, this short and sweet approach will work for most people, most of the time.

The remaining specifications are worth your time. You absolutely must adhere to the minimum power supply requirements stated by the card maker. If this means buying a new power supply, then factor that into your total cost!

The final big-ticket specification is the amount of video memory. This is where data is stored for fast access by the GPU. If you don’t have enough memory, information has to be swapped to other forms of storage, which absolutely destroys frame rate. In 2019, 8GB of memory is a good number to aim for, with 6GB being the absolute minimum, but with limited longevity.

The Big Brands

There are two brands of GPU that really matter in today’s market: Nvidia and AMD. The level of competition between the two varies from generation to generation, but Nvidia has significantly more market share and generally the more powerful GPUs. AMD competes strongly on price, in the mid-range and lower. Which makes their cards of particular interest to mainstream users.

At the time of writing, Intel corporation is gearing up to release their own competitive GPU products. Intel is a major player in the embedded GPU market, with most of their mainstream CPUs featuring and integrated graphics core.

Should you care about choosing a specific graphics card brand? Not really. The best strategy is to find the card that offers the best mix of performance, noise, power consumption and price for you. Sometimes that’s going to be a card from AMD and sometimes it will be from Nvidia.

How To Change The Graphics Card In Your Desktop PC

If you’re replacing the card with one of the same brand, chances are the software you already have installed will work automatically. Just make sure your software is updated 

If you’ve changed brands, simply uninstall the software as you would any other software on your computer and download the correct software for your new card. Uninstall the old software BEFORE changing the graphics cards and install the new software AFTER the change is complete. 

Now we can get down to the business of physically installing the graphics card.

If you have a desktop computer with a discrete graphics card or an open slot on your motherboard to accommodate one, then you can upgrade your computer’s graphics performance. 

Make sure that the card you are going to install:

• Will work with your current power supply.
• Will fit into your case.

Make sure your computer is switched off. However, if possible, leave the computer connected to the mains to act as an earth. Alternatively, buy a grounding strap or, as a last resort, ground yourself on something before handling any components.

• First, open your computer case as per the manual that came with it. You usually only need to remove one side panel to expose the top of the motherboard and all of the card slots.

• If you already have a graphics card in place, disconnect the power cables from the graphics card, if any.

• Next remove the retention plate screw holding the graphics card to the backplate.

• This next part may be tricky, depending on how cramped your case is. At the back of the slot the graphics card site in is a small retention clip. 

• The design of these differ from one brand of motherboard to the next, so refer to the manual if you can’t figure out how to release it. Release the clip.
• Now gently remove the graphics card from the slot. You may need to wiggle it slightly front-to-back to release it. Try to handle the board by the edges and don’t touch any exposed copper connectors with your bare skin. You should now have an open slot.

To install your new graphics card simply reverse these steps or read our in-depth guide to installing a new graphics card.

• Now close your computer up again and switch it on. If all went as planned, you’ll boot back into Windows, albeit with potentially low-resolution graphics. Now’s the time to install the new software if you need to. If not, the new card should be detected and automatically set up. You’re done!

Upgrading Laptop Graphics

If you own a laptop with a Thunderbolt 3 port that’s enabled for external graphics, then you can buy an “eGPU” enclosure and connect a graphics card this way. Some are more portable than others, but it’s cheaper than buying and entirely new laptop.

Some laptops have upgradeable graphics, often referred to as “MXM” modules. Contact your laptop manufacturer or consult the documentation to see if that’s the case for you. If so, it’s most likely only possible to buy these special upgrade modules directly from them.

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