Dayuuradaha aan duuliyaha lahayn ee Drones^(Drones) -ka ayaa meel walba jooga maalmahan, marka waxaa laga yaabaa inaad isku daydo inaad gacantaada isku daydo inaad mid duuliso. Marka laga reebo, sida saxda ah ee aad u duuliso diyaarad aan duuliye lahayn? Haddii aad la yaabban tahay sida loo duuliyo mid ka mid ah mashiinnada duulista ee cajiibka ah, waxaan ku bilaabaynaa heerka aasaasiga ah waxaanan kuu sharixi doonnaa sida loo duuliyo diyaaradda aan duuliyaha lahayn si qof kasta uu awood ugu yeesho.

Maxaa lagu tiriyaa sida Drone-ka?

Marka ay dadku tixraacaan "drones" maxay ula jeedaan? Dhab ahaantii waxaa jira xoogaa jahawareer ah oo arrintan ku saabsan. Si adag, farsamo kasta oo aan cidi wadin waa "drone". Qaar baa meel fog laga maamulaa, qaar waa ismaamul ama labaduba waa la isku daray. Tani waxay ka dhigan tahay in alaabta lagu ciyaaro raadiyaha laga maamulo ay farsamo ahaan sidoo kale yihiin kuwa aan duuliyaha lahayn. 

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, macnaha in dadka intooda badan ay isticmaalaan ereyga, waxa ay tilmaamaysaa diyaarado badan oo rotor ah sida quadcopters, hexacopters iyo Octcopters. Taasi waa sida aan u isticmaali doono ereyga halkan.

Sida ay u duulaan diyaaradaha aan duuliyaha lahayn

Diyaaradaha aan duuliyaha lahayn ee loo yaqaan 'Multirotor^(Multirotor) Drones' ayaa ku duulaya iyadoo adeegsanaysa riixitaanka rotor kasta si ay kor ugu qaadaan farsamada. Rotors-ku waxay u shaqeeyaan laba-labo, iyaga oo ka hortagaya qulqulka midba midka kale. Taas oo la macno ah in haddii dhammaan rotors ay ku wareegayaan xawaare isku mid ah, diyaarada aan duuliyaha lahayn waa in ay ku dul wareegtaa meesheeda.

Iyada oo la beddelo xawaaraha qaraabada ee rotor kasta, drone-ku wuu dhawaaqi karaa, rogrogi karaa oo hamaansi karaa. Xakameeyaha duullimaadka korkiisa wuxuu ka shaqeeyaa sida loogu turjumo amarradaas hagaajinta awoodda mootada si loo helo dhaqdhaqaaqa saxda ah.

Gyroscopes , Joogta Quful^{(Altitude Lock)} , GPS iyo Dareemayaasha isku^(Collision) dhaca

Marka laga reebo ogaanshaha sida loo hagaajiyo awoodda mootada si loo gaaro duub, garoon iyo yaw, waxaa jira siyaabo kale oo ay diyaaradaha aan duuliyaha lahayn ay kuugu fududeeyaan duulista.

Dhammaan kuwa casriga ah waxay leeyihiin dusha sare ee gyroscope elektaroonik ah. Qalabkani waxa uu u ogolaanaya in diyaarada aan duuliyaha lahayni ay si toos ah u ahaato mid heerkeedu sarreeyo. Gyro la'aanteed waa inaad gacanta ku haysaa heerka drone-ka mar walba!

Diyaarado badan oo aan duuliyaha lahayn ayaa sidoo kale leh altimeter, kaas oo u sheegaya diyaaradda waxa ay joogga. Tani waxay suurtogal ka dhigaysaa sifa loo yaqaan "qufulka sare" ee suurtogalka ah. Quful joogeed, diyaarada aan duuliyaha lahayn waxay sii wadi doontaa inay dul heehaabto joogga aad ka tagtay.

Ugu dambeyntii, dayuuradaha qaaliga ah ee aan duuliyaha lahayn waxay inta badan leeyihiin unug GPS -ku-dhisan . Tani waxay u sheegaysaa diyaaradda aan duuliyaha lahayn ee ay ka garanayso dhulka^(Earth) , iyada oo u oggolaanaysa inay ku dul wareegto meesheeda iyada oo aan hore iyo dibba u socon.

Isku darka dhammaan saddexdan astaamood waxay u oggolaanaysaa diyaarad aan duuliye lahayn inay si toos ah u ilaaliso booskeeda 3D. Tani waxay fududaynaysaa duulista xitaa kuwa bilawga ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, diyaaradaha aan duuliyaha lahayn ee aan duuliyaha lahayn^{(racing drones)} iyo kuwa aan duuliyaha lahayn ee aan cidi ku cayaarin waxay u badan tahay in ay leeyihiin oo kaliya gyro. Tani waxay ka dhigaysaa inay aad u adag tahay inay duulaan, laakiin sidoo kale faa'iido badan leh haddii aad raadinayso tartan.

Diyaaradaha aan duuliyaha lahayn ee aan duuliyaha lahayn ayaa sidoo kale loo badinayaa in ay leeyihiin dareemayaasha isku dhaca ultrasonic. Dareemayaashan ayaa dareemi kara walxo ay ka mid yihiin gidaarada waxayna joojin karaan diyaaradda aan duuliyaha lahayn ka hor inta aysan dhicin. Jiho kasta oo duulimaad ah laguma dabooli doono inta badan. Markaa u fiirso halka dareemayaasha ay arki karaan. Nacasyo maaha, markaa waxa fiican inaadan isku hallayn.

Shuruucda Drone-ka iyo Adiga

Kahor intaadan xitaa iibsan diyaarad Drone ah, waa inaad dib u eegis ku sameyso sharciyada daroonka ee dalkaaga iyo gobolkaaga. Waxaa jira sharciyo ku saabsan halka aad ka duuli karto, haddii aad u baahan tahay in la diiwaan geliyo diyaarada aan duuliyaha lahayn iyo haddii aad u baahan tahay inaad hesho shatiga duulista dhulka. Ma bixin karno macluumaad caalami ah halkan, sababtoo ah waddan kasta, dawlad-goboleedka iyo dawladaha hoose waxay leeyihiin xeerar kala duwan.

Barashada Kontaroolada Aasaasiga ah

Qaar ka mid ah diyaaradaha aan duuliyaha lahayn ayaa lagu duulaa iyadoo la isticmaalayo kontaroolada casriga ee shaashadda, laakiin inta badan waxaa lagu kontaroolaa iyada oo la isticmaalayo kontaroolo jireed oo go'an. Haddii aad waligaa isticmaashay kontoroolka ciyaarta fiidyaha, qaabka aasaasiga ah waa inuu ku yaqaanaa marka ugu horeysa ee aad barato sida loo duuliyo diyaarad aan duuliye lahayn.

Waxaa jira laba ulood oo kantarool ah oo ku yaal labada dhinac ee kantaroolaha. Mid suulka bidix ah iyo mid midigta. Waxaa laga yaabaa inay jiraan badhammo dheeraad ah oo ku yaal kontaroolaha, laakiin kuwani way ka duwan yihiin hal moodel ilaa kan xiga, markaa la tasho buug-yarahaaga drone-ka si aad u barato waxay qabtaan.

Waxaa jira laba qaab oo caadi ah oo loogu talagalay kontaroolada ul, oo loo yaqaan Habka 2^{(Mode 2)} iyo Habka 1^{(Mode 1)} siday u kala horreeyaan. 

Habka 2^{(Mode 2)} ilaa hadda waa kan ugu caansan. Inta badan diyaaradaha aan duuliyaha lahayn iyo farsamada gacanta ee raadiyaha ayaa ku rari doona Mode 2 kantaroole ama kontaroolaha oo loo beddelay Habka 2^{(Mode 2)} haddii ay taageerto labada nooc.

Kani waa qaabka 2^{(Mode 2 )} :

Usha bidix waxay xakameysaa ceejinta iyo hamaansiga. Usha oo kor ama hoos loo riixo waxay kor ama hoos u rogi doontaa diyaaradda aan duuliyaha lahayn. Si kale haddii loo dhigo, waxaad heli doontaa ama waayi doontaa joogga. Usha kuma soo noqoto xarunta, laakiin waxay ku sii sugnaan doontaa meesha ceejinta, xitaa haddii aad farta ka saarto kontoroolka.

Usha oo aad riixdo bidix ama midig waxay u jeedin doontaa dayaaradaha bidix ama midig. Taas oo la macno ah in "sanka" ee diyaaradda aan duuliyaha lahayn ay tilmaami doonto jiho kale.

U dhaqaaqida usha saxda ah, riixida usha kor ama hoos waxay ka dhigi doontaa mid kor u kaca ama hoos ah. Taas macneheedu waxa weeye in diyaarada aan duuliyaha lahayni ay u dhaqaaqi doonto jihada sanka (hore u dheggan) ama dabada (dib u dheggan). Inta badan oo aad riixdo ama jiidato koontaroolka garoonka, sida ugu dhakhsaha badan ee ay diyaaraddu u duuli doonto hore ama gadaal.

Ku riixida bidix ama midig ee usha midig waxay ka dhigi doontaa diyaarad aan duuliye lahayn oo u rogmanaysa dhinac kasta. Si kale haddii loo dhigo, waxay u dhaqaaqi doontaa dhinac.

Kani waa qaabka 1^{( Mode 1 )} :

Waxaan weli haysanaa ceejinta, yaw, duubka iyo garoonka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, hadda way guureen. Waxa dhacay waa in ceejinta iyo garoonku ay rogeen booskii, laakiin duubka iyo yawgu wali waa isku meel sidii Mode 2 . 

Xasuusnoow^(Remember) inaad siyaabo kala duwan ugu dhex dari karto agabkan kantaroolka si aad u soo saarto dhaqdhaqaaqyo kala duwan. Tusaale ahaan, haddii aad ku riixdo usha saxda ah geesaha Mode 2 kantaroole, drone-kaagu wuxuu u duuli doonaa gees ahaan. Haddii aad isku darayso yaw iyo duub, waxaad samayn kartaa wareegtada bangiga.

Intaadan Duulin

Kahor intaadan marka hore baran sida loo duuliyo diyaarad Drone ah, waxaad u baahan doontaa inaad sameyso xoogaa shaqo diyaarin ah. Kala tasho buug-yarahaaga si aad u hesho tilmaamo ku saabsan hubinta diyaaradda ka hor iyo sida loogu diyaargaroobo inay duusho. Tani waxay inta badan ku lug yeelan doontaa gelinta baytariyada, isku-dubbaridka diyaaradda aan duuliyaha lahayn iyo kontaroolaha iyo hubinta in aanay jirin waxyeello muuqata ama dhibaatooyin kale oo aad ku arki karto isha.

Bilaabayaa

Kahor intaadan duulin, waxaa habboon in aad ka fiirsato simulator-ka diyaaradaha aan duuliyaha lahayn si aad ugu tababarto kontaroolada. Waxaa jira abka qaarkood, oo leh kontaroolada shaashadda. Waxa kale oo aad ku bixin kartaa xoogaa lacag ah oo aad ku iibsan kartaa jileeyaha kombuyuutar kaas oo dhab ahaantii la socda kontaroolaha dummy^{(dummy controller)} . Si kastaba ha noqotee, ku celcelinta duulimaadka iyo la qabsiga kontaroolada jileeyaha ayaa ah habka ugu badbaadsan ee wax lagu barto.

Haddii kale, waxaan kugula talineynaa inaad iibsato nano drone^{(nano drone)} ah oo jaban si aad ugu tababarto duulimaadka gacanta. Koontaroolada waa isku mid, laakiin waxaad ku burburin kartaa kuwan adigoo cidla ah la'aanteed ilmada ka imanaysa burburinta $2000 camera drone .

Khiyaamada lagu baranayo sida loo duuliyo drone-ka bilow ahaan waa inaad si tartiib tartiib ah u bilowdo oo aad ka shaqeyso hal shay ka hor intaadan u gudbin kan xiga. Kani waa taxanahayada dhaqan ee la soo jeediyay:

• Qaado ka dibna dhulka ilaa aad ka dareemayso kalsooni.
• Marka xigta, ku celceli inaad si fudud hal meel heehaabayso.
• Ka dib, baro hamaansiga Samee diyaarada aan duuliyaha lahayn ee aan duuliyaha lahayn ee aan duuliyaha lahayn ee aan duuliyaha lahayn ee aan duuliyaha lahayn ee aan duuliyaha lahayn ee aan duuliyaha lahayn ee aan duuliyaha lahayn.
• Iyadoo sanku kaa tilmaamayo, ku celceli dhawaaqa oo duub.
• Hadda, ku celceli sanka-ku-wareejinta ka dibna sanka-gelinta garoon oo duub. Halkan kontarooladani waxay u muuqdaan "dib loo rogay" maadaama aad ku wajahan tahay diyaaradda aan duuliyaha lahayn.
• Ka dib markaad kalsooni ku dareento dhammaan dhaqdhaqaaqyadan, isku day inaad midayso waxaad baratay adigoo u duulaya wareegyada saacada iyo ka soo horjeeda.
• Ugu dambeyntii, ku celceli duulista qaab sawir-sideed.

Aad ha u degdegin! Ku celceli^(Practice) , ku celceli, ku celceli! Ugu dambeyntii isuduwiddaada iyo xusuusta muruqa waxay noqon doontaa mid ku filan oo aad duuli karto adigoon ka fikirin. Ku raaxayso!

How to Fly a Drone for Total Beginners

Drones are everywhere these days, so you might be tempted to try your hand at flying one yourself. Except, how exactly do you fly a drone? If you’ve been wondering how to pilot one of these amazing flying machines, we’re going to start at the most basic level and explain how to fly a drone so that anyone can give it a go.

What Counts as a Drone?

When people refer to “drones” what do they mean? There’s actually some confusion on this. Strictly, any unmanned craft is a “drone”. Some are controlled remotely, some are autonomous or are a combination of both. This means that radio-controlled toys are technically also drones. 

However, in the sense that most people use the word, it refers to multi-rotor aircraft such as quadcopters, hexacopters and octocopters. That’s how we’ll use the word here.

How Drones Fly

Multirotor drones fly using thrust from each rotor to lift the craft. The rotors work in pairs, countering the torque of one another. Which means that if all rotors are spinning at the same speed, the drone should hover in place.

By varying the relative speeds of each rotor, the drone can pitch, roll and yaw. The onboard flight controller works out how to translate those commands into motor power adjustments to get the right movement.

Gyroscopes, Altitude Lock, GPS and Collision Sensors

Apart from figuring out how to adjust motor power to achieve roll, pitch and yaw there are other ways in which drones make flying easier for you.

All modern have an onboard electronic gyroscope. This device lets the drone automatically remain level. Without a gyro you’d also have to manually keep the drone level at all times!

Many drones also have an altimeter, which tells the drone what it’s altitude is. This makes a feature known as “altitude lock” possible. With an altitude lock, the drone will continue to hover at the height you left it.

Finally, more expensive drones often have a built-in GPS unit. This tells the drone its perceived position on Earth, letting it hover in place without drifting back and forth.

Combining all three of these features lets a drone automatically maintain its position in 3D space. This makes it easy to fly even for beginners. However, racing drones and low-end toy drones are likely to only have a gyro. This makes them much harder to fly, but also more rewarding if you’re looking for a challenge.

High-end drones are also likely to have ultrasonic collision sensors. These sensors can sense objects such as walls and stop the drone before it crashes. Not every direction of flight will be covered in most cases. So do take note of where the sensors can see. They are not foolproof, so it’s best not to rely on them.

Drone Laws and You

Before you even buy a drone, you should review the drone regulations for your country and region. There are rules about where you may fly, whether your drone needs to be registered and whether you need to obtain a ground pilot’s license. We can’t provide universal information here, because every country, state and local government has different rules.

Learning the Basic Controls

Some drones are flown using on-screen smartphone controls, but the vast majority are controlled using a dedicated physical controller. If you’ve ever used a video game controller, the basic layout should be familiar to you when you first learn how to fly a drone.

There are two control sticks on either side of the controller. One for your left thumb and one for the right. There may be additional buttons on the controller, but these differ from one model to the next, so consult your drone’s manual to learn what they do.

There are two standard layouts for stick controls, known as Mode 2 and Mode 1 respectively. 

Mode 2 is by far the most popular. Most drones and radio controlled craft will ship with a Mode 2 controller or with the controller switched to Mode 2 if it supports both modes.

This is a Mode 2 layout:

The left stick controls the throttle and yaw. Pushing the stick up or down will throttle the drone up or down. In other words, you’ll gain or lose altitude. The stick does not return to center, but will remain at its throttle position, even if you take your finger off the control.

Pushing the stick left or right will turn the drone left or right. Meaning that the “nose” of the drone will point in a different direction.

Moving to the right stick, pushing the stick up or down will make the drone pitch up or down. This means that the drone will move in the direction of the nose (stick forward) or the tail (stick backward). The more you push or pull on the pitch control, the faster the drone will fly forwards or backwards.

Pushing left or right on the right stick will make the drone roll in each respective direction. In other words, it will move sideways.

This is a Mode 1 layout:

We still have throttle, yaw, roll and pitch. However, now they’ve moved. What’s happened is that throttle and pitch have reversed position, but roll and yaw are still in the same place as with Mode 2. 

Remember that you can mix these control inputs in various ways to produce different maneuvers. For example, if you push the right stick into the corners of a Mode 2 controller, your drone will fly diagonally. If you combine yaw and roll inputs, you can perform banking turns.

Before You Fly

Before you first learn how to fly a drone, you’ll need to do some prep work. Consult your drone’s manual for instructions on preflight checks and how to get it ready to fly. This will usually involve inserting batteries, syncing the drone and controller and making sure there’s no visible damage or other problems you can spot by eye.

Getting Started

Before you fly, it’s worth considering a drone simulator to practice the controls. There are some apps, with simulated on-screen controls. You can also spend a bit of money and buy a computer simulator that actually comes with a dummy controller. Either way, practicing flight and getting used to the controls in a simulator is the safest way to learn.

Alternatively, we recommend buying a cheap nano drone to practice manual flight. The controls are exactly the same, but you can smash these up with abandon without the tears that come from crashing your $2000 camera drone.

The trick to learning how to fly a drone as a beginner is to start slow and work on mastering one thing before moving on to the next. This is our suggested practice sequence:

• Take off and then land until you feel confident.
• Next, practice simply hovering in one spot.
• Then, learn to yaw. Make the drone turn in place while maintaining your hover.
• With the nose pointed out from you, practice pitch and roll.
• Now, practice a nose-in hover and then nose-in pitch and roll. Here those controls appear “reversed” since you’re facing the drone.
• After you feel confident with all these maneuvers, try combining what you’ve learned by flying in clockwise and counterclockwise circles.
• Finally, practice flying in a figure-eight pattern.

Don’t be too hasty! Practice, practice, practice! Eventually your coordination and muscle memory will become good enough that you can fly without thinking about it. Have fun!

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