Haddii PC-gaaga Windows uu ku dhaco qaladka Shaashadda Buluugga ah ee Dhimashada (BSOD)^{(Blue Screen of Death (BSOD) error)} , waxyaabo badan ayaa dhici doona. Midda ugu cad ayaa ah in kombuyutarkaaga lagu qasbay inuu dib u bilaabo, maadaama BSOD ay tahay natiijada Windows gabi ahaanba burburtay. Mid ka mid ah natiijada aadka u cad ee qaladka BSOD , si kastaba ha ahaatee, waa qaladka qaladka ee la abuuray kaas oo kuu ogolaanaya inaad xalliso arrinta ka dib.

Tan waxa loo yaqaan faylka xusuusta, oo lagu kaydiyay qaabka faylka DMP . Faylashani waxay ka kooban yihiin macluumaad kala duwan oo ku saabsan dhibaatada, oo ay ku jiraan nooca Windows -kaaga hadda , barnaamij kasta oo socda iyo darawallada wakhtiga BSOD , iyo koodka qaladka laftiisa. Si uu kaaga caawiyo falanqaynta faylalka kaydinta xusuusta, waa kuwan waxa aad u baahan doonto inaad samayso.

Waa maxay faylalka qashinka xusuusta ee Windows 10?^{(What are Memory Dump Files on Windows 10?)}

Shaashadda Buluugga^{(Blue Screen)} ah ee Dhimashada^(Death) waa khalad muhiim ah oo aan laga bogsan karin kombuyutarka Windows -ka , laakiin sababta khaladaadkani way kala duwanaan kartaa. Tusaale ahaan, dabinka kernel-ka lama filaanka ah ee BSOD^{(unexpected kernel mode trap BSOD)} waxaa badanaa sababa qalab aan ku habboonayn ama daboolan, halka habka muhiimka ah uu u dhintay BSOD^{(critical process died BSOD)} waxay yeelan kartaa sababo kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan faylasha nidaamka musuqmaasuqa.

Si uu kaaga caawiyo xallinta dhibaatada, Windows si toos ah ayey u soo saartaa faylka kaydinta xusuusta. Tani waxay inta badan ka kooban tahay summada joogsiga magaca iyo qiimaha (tusaale adeegga nidaamka marka laga reebo koodka joogsiga ), liiska darawal kasta oo ordaya wakhtiga shilka, iyo macluumaad farsamo oo dheeraad ah oo aad isticmaali karto si aad u aqoonsato sababta.

Faylashaan la tuuro (iyadoo la adeegsanayo qaabka faylka DMP ) waxaa si toos ah loogu keydiyaa xididka ^(DMP)C: , C:\minidump , ama C:\Windows\minidump . Si ay kaaga caawiyaan in aad u falanqayso, waxa aad ku rakibi kartaa abka Microsoft ee khaladaadka WinDbg ka dukaanka Microsoft^{(Microsoft Store)} . Tani waxay kaa caawinaysaa inaad falanqayso faylasha kaydinta xusuusta oo aad hesho macluumaadka koodhka joogsiga.

Waxa kale oo aad isticmaali kartaa qalabkii hore sida NirSoft BlueScreenView si aad si dhakhso ah u falanqeyso faylasha qashinka ee lagu abuuray PC gaaga. Tani waxay sidoo kale kaa caawin doontaa inaad aqoonsato qiimaha koodka joogsiga iyo sababta suurtogalka ah (sida faylka darawalka gaarka ah).

Markaad ogaato qiimaha koodhka joogsiga, waxaad ka raadin kartaa macluumaad dheeraad ah oo ku saabsan arrinta. Tusaale ahaan, haddii aad ka heshay faylkaaga qashinka ah in aad la kulantay maaraynta xusuusta BSOD , waxaad ka hubin kartaa hagaha khaladka BSOD^{(BSOD error guide)} wixii talo dheeraad ah oo ku saabsan sida loo xalliyo arrinta.

Sababtoo ah qaladka BSOD wuxuu joojin karaa kombuyutarkaga inuu shaqeeyo, waxaa laga yaabaa inaad u baahato inaad isku daydo oo aad dib u bilowdo Windows in Mode Safe . Ku socodsiinta Windows ee Habka Badbaadada^{(Safe Mode)} ah waxay yaraynaysaa tirada hababka hab-socodka firfircoon iyo wadayaasha ilaa ugu yar, taasoo kuu oggolaanaysa inaad wax dheeraad ah baadho.

Haddii aadan gabi ahaanba geli karin Windows , si kastaba ha ahaatee, fursadahaagu waa xadidan yihiin. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, ma jiraan qalab keligood ah oo aad ku socon karto haddii Windows lafteedu aysan si sax ah u shaqeyneynin si ay u falanqeyso faylasha qashinka ee BSOD . Hadday tani dhacdo, waxaad u baahan doontaa inaad dib u soo ceshato faylalka daadsan adigoo isticmaalaya CD Live Linux ah^{(recover the dump files using a Linux live CD)} adoo isticmaalaya DVD ama usha xusuusta  USB ee la qaadan karo.^(USB)

Kadib waxaad ku falanqeyn kartaa faylka adigoo isticmaalaya WinDbg ama NirSoft BlueScreenView oo ku shaqeeya Windows PC ama laptop adoo raacaya tillaabooyinka hoose.

Beddelida Dejinta Faylka Xusuusta ee Dejinta Windows^{(Changing Memory Dump File Settings in Windows Settings)}

Faylasha lagu shubo xusuusta^(Memory) si toos ah ayaa loo abuuraa, laakiin waxaad dejin kartaa heerka faahfaahinta ee ku jira faylka kaydinta xusuusta gudaha Dejinta Windows^{(Windows Settings)} . Tani waxay kaliya u shaqayn doontaa BSOD^(BSODs) -yada dhacaya ka dib marka^{(after )} la beddelo goobtan, laakiin haddii kombuyutarkaagu ay dhibaato ku qabaan, waxaad raaci kartaa tillaabooyinkan si aad ugu darto macluumaad dheeraad ah faylasha qashinka.

1. Si aad u bilowdo, midig-guji liiska Start oo dooro Settings .

1. Menu Settings^(Settings) , dooro System > About. Qeybta dejinta^{(Related settings )} laxiriirta, gudaha Nidaamka^{(System )} > Ku saabsan^(About) menu, dooro ikhtiyaarka dejinta nidaamka Advanced^{(Advanced system settings)} .

1. In the System Properties menu, ka dooro Settings doorasho ee ku taxan qaybta Startup and Recovery ee hoose.

1. Si aad u bedesho heerka tafaasiisha ay diwaan galiyeen faylalka kaydinta xusuusta marka BSOD dhacdo, dooro mid ka mid ah fursadaha la heli karo adoo isticmaalaya liiska hoos- hoosaadka macluumaadka debugging^{(Write debugging information )} ee daaqada Startup and Recovery . Macluumaad buuxa^(Full) oo ku saabsan waxa ku jira qashin-qubka xusuusta kasta waxa laga heli karaa bogga dukumentiga Microsoft^{(Microsoft documentation website)} . Dooro OK > OK si aad u kaydsato doorashadaada.

Waxaa laga yaabaa inaad u baahato inaad dib u bilowdo PC-gaaga ka dib markaad isbeddelkan sameyso si aad u hubiso in goobta lagu dabaqay. Khaladaad kasta oo BSOD^(BSOD) mustaqbalka ah ee dhaca waxay dhalin doontaa faylka kaydinta xusuusta oo ka kooban heerka macluumaadka aad dooratay.

Sida loo falanqeeyo faylalka xusuusta Windows-ka iyadoo la adeegsanayo WinDbg^{(How to Analyze Windows Memory Dump Files Using WinDbg)}

Haddii ay kugu dhacdo qalad BSOD , waxaad isticmaali kartaa WinDbg si aad u falanqeyso faylka qashinka xusuusta. Qalabkan horumarineed ee ay Microsoft-abuurtay ayaa ah habka ugu wanaagsan ee lagu falanqeeyo faylalka xusuustaada, laakiin waxa kale oo aad isticmaali kartaa NirSoft BlueScreenView beddelkeeda^{(NirSoft BlueScreenView)} , adoo raacaya tillaabooyinka hoose.

Talaabooyinkani waxay u malaynayaan in kombuyutarkaagu si fiican u shaqaynayo si loo rakibo oo loo isticmaalo WinDbg . Haddii aysan taasi ahayn, waxaad u baahan doontaa inaad kala soo baxdo faylalka qashinka ah ee dariiqaaga adag adoo isticmaalaya Linux live CD ama USB si aad u falanqeyso meelo kale. Deegaannada CD-ga tooska ah ayaa lagu kicin karaa iyadoo la adeegsanayo warbaahinta rakibaadda ee inta badan qaybinta Linux^{(Linux distributions)} , oo ay ku jiraan Ubuntu iyo Debian.

1. Si aad u bilowdo, waxaad u baahan doontaa inaad ku rakibto Horudhac WinDbg^{(install WinDbg Preview)} ka Dukaanka Microsoft^{(Microsoft Store)} . Bogga dukaanka WinDbg , dooro Hel^(Get) si aad u bilowdo rakibidda.

1. Marka WinDbg la rakibo, bilow adiga oo dooranaya Launch bogga dukaanka ama adoo ka soo saaraya menu-ka Start . Haddii aadan heli karin faylashaada qashinka ah, waxaad u baahan doontaa inaad ka hesho WinDbg ee menu-ka Start , dabadeed midig-guji^{(right-click )} oo dooro More > Ku orod maamule ahaan^{(Run as administrator)} si aad u siiso marinka lagama maarmaanka ah.

1. Daaqadda WinDbg^{(WinDbg )} , dooro Faylka^{(File )} > Bilow cilladaha^{(Start debugging )} > Fur faylka qashinka^{(Open dump file)} . Adeegso menu-ku-dhisan ee File Explorer si aad u furto faylkaagii ugu dambeeyay ee qashinka, kaas oo sida caadiga ah lagu kaydiyo xididka C:\ folder, C:\minidump , ama C:\Windows\minidump .

1. Furitaanka feylka DMP waxay keeni doontaa in qaladka WinDbg^(WinDbg) uu ordo oo uu soo geliyo faylka. Tani waxay qaadan kartaa wakhti, iyadoo ku xidhan xajmiga faylka iyo heerka tafaasiisha la kaydiyay. Marka tan la sameeyo, ku qor !analyze -v sanduuqa taliska ee ku yaal xagga hoose ee tabka Command , ka dibna tabo ^(Command)Gelida^(Enter) si aad u socodsiiso amarka.

1. Amarka !analyze -v waxay qaadan doontaa wakhti in la raro oo la falanqeeyo faylka log ee uu abuuray qaladka BSOD -suga habkani inuu dhamaystiro. Marka la dhammeeyo, waxaad falanqayn kartaa wax soo saarka buuxa ee tabka Command . Gaar ahaan, raadi magaca koodka joogsiga iyo qiimaha (tusaale DRIVER_IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL iyo d1 ) ee ku hoos taxan qaybta falanqaynta Bugcheck^{(Bugcheck Analysis)} . Waxaa weheliya summada joogsiga, sharraxaad kooban oo bixinaysa sababta (sida arrimaha darawalka) ayaa lagu qori doonaa, taasoo kuu oggolaanaysa inaad si dheeraad ah u xalliso.

1. Waxa kale oo aad eegi kartaa macluumaadka kale ee khuseeya ee ku taxan falanqaynta WinDbg (sida qiimaha MODULE_NAME ) si loo aqoonsado sababta. Tusaalahan tusaalaha ah, koodhka BSOD waxa sababay socodsiinta qalabka tijaabinta nidaamka NotMyFault^{(NotMyFault system testing tool)} .

Markaad aqoonsato koodka joogsiga iyo sababta suurtagalka ah ee khaladka BSOD , waxaad sii baadhi kartaa arrinta si aad u go'aamiso in la hagaajin karo.

Sida loo falanqeeyo faylalka kaydinta xusuusta ee Windows iyadoo la adeegsanayo NirSoft BlueScreenView^{(How to Analyze Windows Memory Dump Files Using NirSoft BlueScreenView)}

Iyadoo WinDbg aan lagu darin Windows , waxaa soo saartay Microsoft si ay u xalliso khaladaadka BSOD . Haddii aad doorbidi lahayd, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaad falanqayn kartaa faylasha kaydinta xusuusta ee kombiyuutarkaaga (ama kombuyuutar kale haddii aad haysato nuqul ka mid ah faylasha qashinka ee khuseeya) adoo isticmaalaya NirSoft BlueScreenView qalabkii hore.

BlueScreenView waxa laga yaabaa inay u ekaato mid taariikhaysan, laakiin waxay sii waddaa inay bixiso dhammaan macluumaadka la xidhiidha faylashaada BSOD . Tan waxaa ku jira magaca koodka joogsiga iyo qiimaha (sida DRIVER_IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL ) oo aad markaas isticmaali karto si aad u aqoonsato sababta.

1. Si aad u bilowdo, soo deji oo ku rakib qalabka NirSoft BlueScreenView kombayutarkaga^{(download and install the NirSoft BlueScreenView tool)} Windows. Marka qalabka la rakibo, ka bilow^(Start) menu-ka Start.

1. BlueScreenView waxay si toos ah u heli doontaa faylalka kaydinta xusuusta ee ilaha la yaqaan sida C:/ iyo C:/Windows/minidump . Haddii aad rabto in aad gacanta ku shubto faylka, si kastaba ha ahaatee, dooro Options > Options Sare^{(Advanced Options)} .

1. In the Advanced Options menu, u beddel galka ay ku jiraan faylalkaaga daadinta adiga oo dooranaya badhanka Baadh ee ku yaal ^{(Browse )}Load ka sanduuqa galka MiniDump ee soo socda^{(Load from the following MiniDump folder)} . Si tan loogu soo celiyo meeshii hore, dooro Default . Dooro OK si aad u kaydsato doorashadaada oo aad u shubto faylashaada.

1. Daaqada BlueScreenView^{(BlueScreenView)} ee ugu weyn , liiska faylashaada kaydinta xusuusta ayaa ka soo bixi doona. Dooro mid^{(Select one)} ka mid ah faylasha liiska ku jira si aad u aragto macluumaad dheeraad ah oo ku saabsan. Magaca koodka joogsiga ayaa ka soo muuqan doona tiirka Hubinta Xadhkaha^{(Bug Check String )} , kaas oo kuu ogolaanaya inaad sii baadho arrinta.

1. Iyada oo la doortay faylka kaydinta xusuusta, liis buuxa oo ah faylasha firfircoon iyo darawalada ayaa lagu qori doonaa hoosta. Faylasha lagu muujiyay casaanka waxay yeelan doonaan xiriir toos ah sababta qaladka BSOD . Tusaale ahaan, myfault.sys waxay la xiriirtaa qalabka baaritaanka nidaamka NotMyFault , halka ntoskrnl.exe uu yahay nidaamka kernelka nidaamka Windows .

Iyadoo BlueScreenView ay tahay qalab faa'iido leh oo si degdeg ah loogu aqoonsanayo magaca qaladka BSOD , ma aha qalab dhamaystiran sida WinDbg . Haddii aadan dhibka xallin karin adigoo isticmaalaya qalabkan, waxaad u baahan doontaa inaad isku daydo WinDbg si aad u hesho falanqayn faahfaahsan.

Cilad-sheegida Khaladaadka BSOD Isticmaalka Faylasha Xusuus-qorka ee Xusuusta^{(Troubleshooting BSOD Errors Using Memory Dump Files)}

Adigoo isticmaalaya macluumaadka faylka xusuusta ee aad soo kabsanayso, waxaad cilad ku xallin kartaa khaladaadka BSOD adoo raadinaya koodhadhka joogsiga ama faylasha BSOD ee la xidhiidha. ^(BSOD)Koodhadhka joojinta qaladka, gaar ahaan, waxay kaa caawin karaan inaad hesho sababta ka dambeysa BSOD , laga bilaabo xogta habaynta nidaamka xun ee BSOD^{(bad system config info BSOD)} ilaa qalad ka reeban dukaan lama filaan ah BSOD^{(unexpected store exception error BSOD)} .

Khaladaadka BSOD waxaa sababa wax walba laga bilaabo qalab khaldan^{(faulty hardware)} ilaa faylalka nidaamka musuqmaasuqa. Si aad uga caawiso joojinta iyaga, waa inaad si joogto ah uga hubisaa PC-gaaga malware- ka oo ^{(check your PC for malware)}aad isticmaasho aaladaha sida SFC^{(use tools like SFC)} si aad u hagaajiso rakibaadda Windows -gaaga haddii uu xumaado. Haddii wax kasta oo kale ay ku guuldareystaan, waxaad mar walba dib u dajin kartaa ama dib u dajin kartaa Windows 10^{(reset or reinstall Windows 10)} si aad ugu soo celiso kombuyutarkaaga nidaam shaqo oo buuxa.

How to Analyze Memory Dump Files (.dmp) in Windows 10

If your Windows PC suffers а Blue Screen of Death (BSOD) error, several things will happen. The most obvious is that your PC is forced to restart, as a BSOD is a result of Windows completely crashing. One less obvious result of a BSOD error, however, is the error log that is created that allows you to troubleshoot the issue afterward.

This is called a memory dump file, saved in the DMP file format. These files contain various information on the problem, including your current Windows version, any running apps and drivers at the time of the BSOD, and the error code itself. To help you analyze memory dump files, here’s what you’ll need to do.

What are Memory Dump Files on Windows 10?

A Blue Screen of Death is a critical and unrecoverable error on a Windows PC, but the cause of these errors can vary. For example, an unexpected kernel mode trap BSOD is usually caused by incompatible or overclocked hardware, while a critical process died BSOD can have various causes, including corrupt system files.

To help you troubleshoot the problem, Windows automatically generates a memory dump file. This usually contains the stop code name and value (e.g. a system service exception stop code), a list of any running drivers at the time of the crash, and some additional technical information that you can use to identify the cause.

These dump files (using the DMP file format) are saved automatically in either the root C:\, C:\minidump, or C:\Windows\minidump folders. To help you analyze them, you can install Microsoft’s debugging app WinDbg from the Microsoft Store. This helps you analyze the memory dump files and locate the stop code information.

You can also use older tools like NirSoft BlueScreenView to quickly analyze the dump files created on your PC. This will also help you identify the stop code value and the possible cause (such as a specific driver file).

Once you know the stop code value, you can then search for additional information online about the issue. For instance, if you discovered from your dump file that you suffered a memory management BSOD, you can check out our BSOD error guide for additional advice on how to resolve the issue.

Because a BSOD error can stop your PC from working, you may need to try and restart Windows in Safe Mode. Running Windows in Safe Mode reduces the number of active system processes and drivers to the bare minimum, allowing you to investigate things further.

If you can’t boot into Windows at all, however, your options are limited. Currently, there are no standalone tools that you can run if Windows itself isn’t working properly to analyze BSOD dump files. If this happens, you’ll need to recover the dump files using a Linux live CD using a DVD or a portable USB flash memory stick. 

You can then analyze the file using WinDbg or NirSoft BlueScreenView on a working Windows PC or laptop by following the steps below.

Changing Memory Dump File Settings in Windows Settings

Memory dump files are created automatically, but you can set the level of detail included in a memory dump file in Windows Settings. This will only work for BSODs that occur after changing this setting, but if your PC is having problems, you can follow these steps to add additional information to the dump files.

1. To start, right-click the Start menu and select Settings.

1. In the Settings menu, select System > About. In the Related settings panel, in the System > About menu, select the Advanced system settings option.

1. In the System Properties menu, select the Settings option listed in the Startup and Recovery section at the bottom.

1. To change the level of detail recorded by memory dump files when a BSOD occurs, select one of the available options using the Write debugging information drop-down menu in the Startup and Recovery window. Full information on what is included in each memory dump is available at the Microsoft documentation website. Select OK > OK to save your choice.

You may need to restart your PC after making this change to ensure the setting is applied. Any future BSOD errors that occur will generate a memory dump file containing the level of information you selected above.

How to Analyze Windows Memory Dump Files Using WinDbg

If you suffer a BSOD error, you can use WinDbg to analyze the memory dump file. This Microsoft-created development tool is the best way to analyze your memory files, but you can also use the older NirSoft BlueScreenView as an alternative, following the steps below.

These steps assume your PC is working well enough to install and use WinDbg. If it isn’t, you’ll need to retrieve the dump files from your hard drive using a Linux live CD or USB to analyze them elsewhere. Live CD environments can be booted using the installation media of most Linux distributions, including Ubuntu and Debian.

1. To begin, you’ll need to install WinDbg Preview from the Microsoft Store. On the WinDbg store page, select Get to begin the installation.

1. Once WinDbg is installed, launch it by selecting Launch on the store page or by launching it from the Start menu. If you can’t access your dump files, you’ll need to locate WinDbg in the Start menu, then right-click and select More > Run as administrator to grant it the necessary access.

1. In the WinDbg window, select File > Start debugging > Open dump file. Use the built-in File Explorer menu to open your latest dump file, which is typically saved in the root C:\ folder, C:\minidump, or C:\Windows\minidump folder.

1. Opening the DMP file will cause the WinDbg debugger to run and load the file. This could take some time, depending on the size of the file and the level of detail saved. Once this is done, type !analyze -v into the command box at the bottom of the Command tab, then press Enter to run the command.

1. The !analyze -v command will take some time to load and analyze the log file created by the BSOD error—wait for this process to complete. Once it’s done, you can analyze the full output in the Command tab. In particular, search for the stop code name and value (e.g. DRIVER_IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL and d1) listed under the Bugcheck Analysis section. Along with the stop code, a brief description offering a cause (such as driver issues) will be listed, allowing you to troubleshoot further.

1. You can also look at other relevant information listed in the WinDbg analysis (such as the MODULE_NAME value) to identify the cause. In this example instance, the BSOD code was caused by running the NotMyFault system testing tool.

Once you’ve identified the stop code and possible cause of the BSOD error, you can research the issue further to determine a possible fix.

How to Analyze Windows Memory Dump Files Using NirSoft BlueScreenView

While WinDbg isn’t included with Windows, it’s produced by Microsoft to troubleshoot BSOD errors. If you’d prefer, however, you can analyze memory dump files from your PC (or from another PC if you have a copy of the relevant dump files) using the older NirSoft BlueScreenView tool.

BlueScreenView may look dated, but it continues to offer all of the relevant information about your BSOD dump files. This includes the stop code name and value (such as DRIVER_IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL) that you can then use to identify the cause.

1. To start, download and install the NirSoft BlueScreenView tool on your Windows PC. Once the tool is installed, launch it from the Start menu.

1. BlueScreenView will automatically locate any memory dump files from known sources such as C:/ and C:/Windows/minidump. If you want to load a file manually, however, select Options > Advanced Options.

1. In the Advanced Options menu, switch to the folder containing your dump files by selecting the Browse button positioned next to the Load from the following MiniDump folder box. To return this to the default location, select Default. Select OK to save your choice and load your files.

1. In the main BlueScreenView window, a list of your saved memory dump files will appear. Select one of the files listed to view more information about it. The stop code name will appear in the Bug Check String column, allowing you to research the issue further.

1. With the memory dump file selected, a full list of active files and drivers will be listed underneath. Files that are highlighted red will have a direct link to the cause of the BSOD error. For instance, myfault.sys is related to the NotMyFault system testing tool, while ntoskrnl.exe is the Windows system kernel process.

While BlueScreenView is a useful tool for quickly identifying the BSOD error name, it isn’t a full debugging tool like WinDbg. If you can’t troubleshoot the problem using this tool, you’ll need to try WinDbg for a more detailed analysis.

Troubleshooting BSOD Errors Using Memory Dump Files

Using the memory dump file information you recover, you can troubleshoot the BSOD errors by searching for the stop codes or related BSOD error files. The error stop codes, in particular, can help you find the cause behind a BSOD, from a bad system config info BSOD to an unexpected store exception error BSOD.

BSOD errors are caused by everything from faulty hardware to corrupt system files. To help stop them, you should check your PC for malware regularly and use tools like SFC to repair your Windows installation if it becomes corrupted. If all else fails, you can always reset or reinstall Windows 10 to restore your PC to full working order.

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