Mac - gaagu waxa uu ka kooban yahay faylal iyo faylal aad ku xafido xogta shakhsi ahaaneed iyo dukumentiyada. Si aad u ilaaliso feylashaada oo aad uga ilaaliso indhuhu soo jiidanayaan^{(protect your files and keep them secure from prying eyes)} , waxaad isticmaali kartaa erayga sirta ah ama habab kale oo aad ku xafidi karto feylasha, laakiin waxaa jira hab aan caadi ahayn oo loo dhisay macOS taas. 

Oggolaanshaha Disk (ama ogolaanshaha tusaha) ee macOS waxaa loogu talagalay inay ka hortagaan isticmaalayaasha kale iyo barnaamijyada qaarkood inay furaan faylasha ^{(prevent other users and certain programs from opening files)}Mac -gaaga oo wax ka beddelaan fasax la'aan. Sidan, si fudud ayaad u nasan kartaa adigoo og in faylashaada iyo faylalkaagu ammaan yihiin. 

Haddii ay dhibaato kaa haysato ogolaanshaha diskka ee Mac kaaga , hagahani waxa uu sharxayaa sida loo hagaajiyo ama loo hagaajiyo oggolaanshaha saxanka macOS.

Waa maxay oggolaanshaha macOS iyo sidee bay u shaqeeyaan?^{(What Are Permissions in macOS and How Do They Work?)}

Oggolaanshaha macOS ayaa maamula xisaabaadka isticmaalaha ee geli kara faylalka ama galka Mac kaaga . Waxaad ka beddeli kartaa jaangooyooyinka oggolaanshaha ee Finder oo ku yaal xagga hoose ee daaqadda^(Info) macluumaadka faylka, galka ama saxanka. 

Tusaale ahaan, waxaad bedeli kartaa goobaha ogolaanshaha faylka sida isticmaalayaasha kale ee Mac gaaga ee ku xidha wadaaga faylka ay kaliya eegi karaan laakiin ma bedeli karaan faylasha ku jira galka. 

Ogolaanshaha, oo ka kooban wax-akhrinta, qorista iyo fulinta hawlaha, waxa tafatir kara saddex nooc oo isticmaalayaasha ah: mulkiilaha, koox, iyo qof kasta oo isticmaalaya kombayutarka. 

Mulkiilaha kumbuyuutarka, waxaad isticmaali kartaa ogolaanshaha si aad u qeexdo xeerar gaar ah naftaada, koox ama isticmaale kasta. Oggolaanshahan waxaa ka mid ah wadaaga faylka ama galka, xuquuqaha gelitaanka faylka, iyo daacadnimada nidaamka. 

Sida loo arko Ogolaanshaha Nidaamka Faylka ee macOS^{(How to View File System Permissions on macOS)}

Daawashada ogolaanshaha nidaamka faylka kuma koobna mulkiilaha kombayutarka Qof kasta oo kale ayaa arki kara faylka iyo galleyda oggolaanshaha iyada oo loo marayo daaqadda Macluumaadka ^(Info)Finder app sidoo kale.

Si aad u aragto oggolaanshaha faylka ama gal:

1. Midig ku dhufo faylka ama galka oo dooro Hel Macluumad^{(Get Info)} ka menu-ka macnaha guud.

1. Dooro Wadaagista & Ogolaanshaha^{(Sharing & Permissions)} si aad u balaariso oggolaanshaha.

1. Waxaad ka heli doontaa saddex nooc oo kala duwan oo isticmaaleyaal ah goobaha oggolaanshaha^{(types of users in the permission fields)} : Mulkiilaha, kooxda, iyo qof kasta. 

• Mulkiilaha^(Owner) : Abuuraha shayga ama qofka ku koobiyeeyay kumbiyuutarka.
• Kooxda^(Group) : Waa qayb akoonnada isticmaale ee ku biiray kuwaas oo oggollaanshahooda khuseeya dhammaan xubnaha. 
• Qof kasta^(Everyone) : Wuxuu qeexayaa gelitaanka qof kasta oo ay ku jiraan martida, degaanka, iyo isticmaalayaasha wadaaga. 

1. Xiga akoon kasta oo isticmaale, waxaad arki doontaa ogolaanshaha sida Akhri^(Read) , Akhriso^(Read) oo Qor^(Write) , Fulin^(Execute) , ama Gelitaan la'aan.

• Akhri oggolaanshaha^{(Read permissions)} : U oggolow isticmaaluhu ama xubnaha kooxda kaliya inay furaan fayl ama baadhbaadiyaan liiska walxaha ku jira galka. Ma kaydin karaan wax isbeddel ah oo ku yimaadda faylka ama faylka.
• Ogolaanshaha qor^{(Write permissions)} : U oggolow isticmaaluhu ama xubnaha kooxda inay wax ka beddelaan ama tirtiraan faylka ama galka.
• Fulin ogolaanshaha^{(Execute permissions)} : Faylka tani waxay la macno tahay isticmaaluhu wuu fulin karaa faylka haddii ay tahay qoraal ama barnaamij. Faylasha aan ahayn qoraal ama barnaamij waa inaysan haysan ogolaanshaha fulinta. Galka, waxay la macno tahay isticmaaluhu inuu furi karo galka oo uu arki karo faylalka ilaa inta oggolaanshaha wax-akhrinta la furayo.

Waa maxay sababta ay tahay inaad u dayactirto ogolaanshaha Disk-ga macOS^{(Why You Should Repair Disk Permissions in macOS)}

Faylasha iyo faylalka ku yaal Mac kaaga mid kastaa wuxuu leeyahay oggolaansho xiriir la leh. Intaa waxaa dheer, inta badan waxyaabaha aad ku rakibto Mac -gaaga waxaa lagu rakibay faylasha xirmada^{(package files)} , kuwaas oo sidoo kale kaydiya faylal kale oo aan meel badan ka qaadin Hard Disk-gaaga.

Faylka xirmada dhexdiisa waxaa ku jira faylalka Bill of Materials (.bom), oo ka kooban liiska faylalka ay xirmada rakibtay iyo oggolaanshaha fayl kasta. 

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, oggolaanshaha faylkan waa la beddeli karaa, gaar ahaan marka aad ku rakibayso oo aad ka saarayso abka Mac-gaaga^{(uninstalling apps on your Mac)} . Marka oggolaanshaha la saameeyo, barnaamijyada ku jira Mac - ga ayaa laga yaabaa inay beddelaan oo wax ka beddelaan faylasha, kuwaas oo keeni kara dhammaan noocyada arrimaha nidaamka sida qaboojinta, dib u dhaca ama burburka^{(freezing, lagging or crashing)} , iyo khaladaadka oggolaanshaha.

Haddii aad aragto isbeddello qariib ah oo ku yimid waxqabadka Mac-gaaga^{(changes in your Mac’s performance)} ama apps-ka oo aan si sax ah u shaqayn, waa in aad bilowdaa adigoo cilad-saaraya oggolaanshaha saxanka. 

 Nasiib wanaag, haddii Mac -gaagu uu ku shaqeynayo macOS Mojave 10.14 ama noocyo cusub, abka kasta oo cusub oo lagu daro Mac -gaaga ayaa ku weydiin doona ogolaansho si loo isticmaalo sifooyinka qaarkood. Haddii aad diido oggolaanshahan, abka waxa laga yaabaa in aanay si fiican u shaqayn, laakiin waxa ay kordhisaa sirta iyo ammaanka xogtaada.

Hagaajinta ama hagaajinta oggolaanshaha diskka ee macOS waxay hubisaa in nidaamkaaga hawlgalka uu geli karo ama wax ka beddeli karo faylal gaar ah. Tusaale ahaan, oggolaanshaha saxanku waxay xaqiijinayaan inaad bilaabi karto Mac -gaaga , gasho akoonkaaga, daabacdo ama furto apps, iyo in ka badan. 

Dayactirka ogolaanshaha diskka ee macOS sidoo kale waxay hubisaa in faylal gaar ah ay haystaan ​​rukhsad sax ah si ay uga hortagaan gelitaanka aan la ogolayn ee abka ama isticmaalayaasha waa in aanay ku dhex milmin faylashaas.

Sida loo hagaajiyo ama loo dayactiro ogolaanshaha macOS^{(How to Fix or Repair Permissions in macOS)}

Dayactirka oggolaanshaha waa tilmaanta cilad-raadinta Mac caadiga ah oo u muuqata inay xalliso noocyo badan oo dhibaatooyin naadir ah oo ku saabsan macOS. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ikhtiyaarka ayaa ka lumay barnaamijka Utility Disk^{(Disk Utility)} ka dib markii la sii daayay OS X El Capitan 10.11 . 

Apple waxa ay ku bedeshay qaabka ilaalinta nidaamka daacadnimada^{(System Integrity Protection)} ( SIP ), kaas oo ka hortagaya software-ka suurtagalka ah ee xaasidnimada leh inuu galo faylasha muhiimka ah ee kombiyuutarkaaga. 

Waxaad weli dib u hagaajin kartaa oggolaanshaha diskka ee macOS maaddaama ikhtiyaarku hadda yahay qayb ka mid ah Gargaarka Degdegga ah^{(First Aid)} , kaas oo isku xira dhowr tallaabo oo wadajir ah oo xalliya arrimaha kala duwan ee la xiriira wadista diskka.

Waa kan sida loo hubiyo loona dayactiro mugga diskka wixii khalad ah:

1. Dooro Go > Utilities > Disk Utility si aad u furto Utility Disk.

1. Marka xigta, ka dooro mugga bootka^{(boot volume)} ee muraayadda bidix. 

1. Ka dooro Gargaarka Degdegga ah^{(First Aid)} ee ku yaal aaladda Utility Disk^{(Disk Utility)} ee dhinaca midig ee sare ee daaqadda. 

1. Xaqiiji inaad dooratay darawalka saxda ah, ka dibna dooro Run si aad u bilowdo habka dayactirka saxanka. Dooro Continue haddi aad hesho fariinta digniinta ah ee soo booda.

Inta habka dayactirku socdo, Mac -gaagu kama jawaabi doono wax kasta oo la geli karo, kaas oo caadi ah oo la filayo. Tani waxay dhacdaa sababtoo ah macOS wuxuu u baahan yahay inuu si sax ah u falanqeeyo waxa ku jira wadista laakiin ma qaadan doonto wax ka badan dhowr daqiiqo in la dhammaystiro. 

Marka habka dayactirka la dhammeeyo, waxaad heli doontaa warbixin muujinaysa wax kasta oo habka la qabtay. Haddii ay jiraan khaladaad halis ah, waxaa lagugu wargelin doonaa arrimaha ay hesho.

Dib u dajinta Oggolaanshaha Galka Guriga^{(Reset Permissions for the Home Folder)}

Galka guriga^(Home) ee ku yaal Mac -gaagu waa galka isticmaalahaaga, kaas oo ka kooban dhawr fayl oo kale oo aad si joogto ah u gasho sida Desktop , Applications , Documents , Downloads iyo in ka badan. 

Waa kuwan sida dib loogu dejiyo oggolaanshaha galka Guriga^(Home) si uu u hagaajiyo oggolaanshaha saxanka. 

1. Dooro Tag^(Go) > Guriga^(Home) .

1. Marka xigta, dooro File > Xog hel^{(Get Info)} .

1. Dooro Wadaagista & Oggolaanshaha^{(Sharing & Permissions)} si aad u aragto ogolaanshaha galka. Haddii qaybta Ogolaanshaha^{(Permissions)} iyo Wadaagista^(Sharing) aanay furnayn, dooro falaarta si aad u balaariso.

1. Marka xigta, dooro badhanka Quful^(Lock) .

1. Geli magaca maamulkaaga^{(admin name)} iyo eraygaaga sirta ah^(password) .

1. Dooro liiska waxqabadka^{(Action menu)} > Codso alaabta ku lifaaqan^{(Apply to enclosed items)} . 

1. Marka xigta, dooro OK si aad u dhamaystirto nidaamka dib u dejinta ogolaanshaha. Bar horumarka ayaa ka muuqan doona xagga sare ee daaqadda isbeddelladana waxa ay ka muuqan doonaan galka Guriga^(Home) .

1. Marka bar horumarka la dhammeeyo, dooro Go > Utilities > Terminal si aad u furto Terminal.

1. Ku qor ama ku dheji amarkan: diskutil resetUserPermissions / ` id -u` si aad dib ugu dejiso rukhsadaha mugga xididka (/) aqoonsiga isticmaalaha hadda. 

1. Marka hawshu dhammaato, jooji Terminal , oo dib u bilow Mac kaaga si aad u dhaqan galiso isbedelada. 

Waxa la sameeyo haddii aad hesho qaladka 69841 Markaad dib u dejinayso ogolaanshaha Mac^{(What to Do If You Get the Error 69841 While Resetting Permissions on a Mac)}

Mararka qaarkood dib-u-dejinta oggolaanshaha isticmaalaha ee mugga xididka ayaa laga yaabaa inaanay u socon sidii la qorsheeyay. Waxaa laga yaabaa inaad hesho fariinta "qaladka 69841 ogolaanshaha dib u dajintii hagaha guriga isticmaalaha" Haddii aad hesho ciladan, waa kan waxa la sameeyo iyadoo ku xiran nooca macOS.

On MacOS Mojave ama noocyada cusub^{(On macOS Mojave or newer versions)}

1. Dooro menu Apple^{(Apple menu)} > Dookhyada Nidaamka^{(System Preferences)} > Amniga & Qarsoonaanta^{(Security & Privacy)} . 

1. Marka xigta, dooro tabka Qarsoodiga , dooro ^(Privacy)summada^(Lock) qufulka oo geli magaca maamulkaaga iyo eraygaaga sirta ah. 

1. Dooro tabka Helitaanka Disk-ga oo buuxa^{(Full Disk Access)} ka dibna dooro badhanka Add (+).

1. Raadi Terminal oo ku dar Gelida Buuxa ee Disk-ga.

1. Fur Terminal oo ku dheji ama ku qor amarkan: chflags -R nouchg ~ . Riix Soo Celinta^(Return) .

1. Marka xigta, ku qor diskutil resetUserPermissions / `id -u\` oo tabo furaha soo noqoshada^(Return) .

1. Dib u billow Mac kaaga si aad u dhaqan galiso isbedelada

On macOS High Sierra ama Noocyadii hore^{(On macOS High Sierra or Earlier Versions)}

Si ka duwan macOS Mojave ama noocyada dambe, uma baahnid inaad ku darto Terminal Gelida Buuxa^{(Full Disk Access)} ee MacOS High Sierra ama noocyadii hore ka hor inta aadan xallinin qaladka 69841 ee Mac -^(Mac) gaaga .

1. Fur Terminal oo geli chflags -R nouchg ~ .

1. Marka xigta, ku qor diskutil resetUserPermissions / ìd -u` oo tabo Soo noqo^(Return) .

1. Dib u billow Mac kaaga si aad u dhaqan galiso isbedelada

Ka dhig Mac-gaagu qaab wanaagsan^{(Keep Your Mac in Good Shape)}

Hagaajinta ama dayactirka oggolaanshaha diskka ee macOS waa in la sameeyaa oo keliya haddii aad ka shakisan tahay inaad qabto arrimaha oggolaanshaha faylka ama gal, gaar ahaan haddii aad si joogto ah u rakibto oo aad tirtirto software. Taasi waxay tidhi, waxaad u baahan tahay inaad ka taxadarto software-ka aad ku soo dejiso kombiyuutarkaaga. 

Waxaan haynaa hagayaal kale oo kaa caawin kara inaad wax ka qabato arrimaha Mac -ga sida marka Bluetooth-ku aanu ku shaqaynayn kombayutarkaaga^{(Bluetooth isn’t working on your computer)} , kamarada Mac ma shaqaynayso^{(Mac camera isn’t working)} ama Mac kaaga ma seexan doono^{(Mac won’t go to sleep)} . 

Ma^(Were) awooday inaad hagaajiso ama hagaajiso oggolaanshaha saxanka addoo isticmaalaya tillaabooyinka hagahan? Noo sheeg^(Tell) waxa ku saabsan faallooyinka hoose.

How to Fix or Repair Disk Permissions in macOS

Your Mac contains files and foldеrs where you keep personal data and documents. In order to protect your files and keep them secure from prying eyes, you can use a password or other means of encrypting the files, but there’s a default way that’s built into macOS for that. 

Disk permissions (or directory permissions) on macOS are designed to prevent other users and certain programs from opening files on your Mac and modifying them without permission. This way, you can rest easy knowing your files and folders are secure. 

If you’re having trouble with disk permissions on your Mac, this guide explains how to fix or repair disk permissions in macOS.

What Are Permissions in macOS and How Do They Work?

Permissions in macOS control the user accounts that can access the files or folders on your Mac. You can change the permission settings in Finder at the bottom of the Info window for a file, folder or disk. 

For example, you can change folder permission settings such that other users on your Mac who connect to it for file sharing can only view but not modify the files in the folders. 

The permissions, which consist of read, write and execute activities, can be edited by three types of users: the owner, a group, and everyone using the computer. 

As the owner of the computer, you can use permissions to define separate rules for yourself, a group, or every user. These permissions include file or folder sharing, file access rights, and system integrity. 

How to View File System Permissions on macOS

Viewing file system permissions isn’t limited to the owner of the computer. Anyone else can view the file and folder permissions through the Finder app’s Info window as well.

To see permissions of a file or folder:

1. Right-click the file or folder and select Get Info from the context menu.

1. Select Sharing & Permissions to expand the permissions.

1. You’ll find three different types of users in the permission fields: Owner, group, and everyone. 

• Owner: The creator of the item or the person who copied it to the computer.
• Group: A set of joined user accounts whose permissions apply to all members. 
• Everyone: Defines access for anyone including guest, local, and sharing users. 

1. Next to each user account, you’ll see permissions such as Read, Read and Write, Execute, or No access.

• Read permissions: Allow the user or group members only to open a file or browse a list of items in a folder. They cannot save any changes to the file or folder.
• Write permissions: Allow the user or group members to modify or delete the file or folder.
• Execute permissions: For a file this means the user can execute the file if it’s a script or program. Files that aren’t a script or program shouldn’t have the execute permission enabled. For a folder, it means the user can open the folder and see the files so long as the read permission is enabled.

Why You Should Repair Disk Permissions in macOS

The files and folders on your Mac each have an associated set of permissions. In addition, most of the things you install in your Mac are installed from package files, which also store other files that don’t take too much space on your hard disk.

Within the package file are Bill of Materials files (.bom), which contain a list of files that the package has installed and the permissions for each file. 

However, these file permissions can be modified, especially when you’re installing and uninstalling apps on your Mac. When the permissions are affected, programs on your Mac may alter and modify files, which could end up causing all sorts of system issues like freezing, lagging or crashing, and permission errors.

If you notice some strange changes in your Mac’s performance or apps aren’t working right, you should start by troubleshooting the disk permissions. 

 Fortunately, if your Mac is running macOS Mojave 10.14 or newer versions, any new apps added to your Mac will ask for permission to use some features. If you deny these permissions, the apps may not function properly, but it increases privacy and security for your data.

Fixing or repairing disk permissions in macOS ensures that your operating system can access or modify particular files. For example, disc permissions ensure that you can start up your Mac, log into your account, print or launch apps, and more. 

Repairing disk permissions on macOS also ensures that particular files have the right permissions to prevent unauthorized access by apps or users that shouldn’t be meddling with those files.

How to Fix or Repair Permissions in macOS

Repairing permissions is a standard Mac troubleshooting tip that appears to solve many rare types of problems on macOS. However, the option disappeared from the Disk Utility app after the release of OS X El Capitan 10.11. 

Apple replaced the feature with System Integrity Protection (SIP), which prevents potentially malicious software from accessing important files on your computer. 

You can still repair disk permissions in macOS as the option is now part of First Aid, which bundles several actions together that resolve different issues related to the disk drive.

Here’s how to check and repair the disk volume for any errors:

1. Select Go > Utilities > Disk Utility to open Disk Utility.

1. Next, select your boot volume in the left pane. 

1. Select First Aid in the Disk Utility toolbar at the top right side of the window. 

1. Confirm that you selected the right drive, and then select Run to start the disk repair process. Select Continue if you get in the warning message popup.

While the repair process is in progress, your Mac won’t respond to any input, which is normal and expected. This happens because macOS needs to analyze the drive’s contents correctly but it won’t take more than a few minutes to complete. 

Once the repair process is completed, you’ll get a report that displays everything the process accomplished. If there are any serious errors, you’ll be notified of the issues it finds.

Reset Permissions for the Home Folder

The Home folder on your Mac is your user folder, which contains several other folders you access frequently like Desktop, Applications, Documents, Downloads and more. 

Here’s how to reset permissions for the Home folder to repair disk permissions. 

1. Select Go > Home.

1. Next, select File > Get Info.

1. Select Sharing & Permissions to view the folder’s permissions. If the Sharing & Permissions section isn’t open, select the arrow to expand it.

1. Next, select the Lock button.

1. Enter your admin name and password.

1. Select the Action menu > Apply to enclosed items. 

1. Next, select OK to complete the permissions reset process. A progress bar will appear at the top of the window and the changes will be reflected throughout the Home folder.

1. Once the progress bar completes, select Go > Utilities > Terminal to open Terminal.

1. Type or paste this command: diskutil resetUserPermissions / ` id -u` to reset permissions on the root volume (/) to the current user ID. 

1. When the process completes, quit Terminal, and restart your Mac to effect the changes. 

What to Do If You Get the Error 69841 While Resetting Permissions on a Mac

Sometimes resetting the user permission on the root volume may not go as planned. You may get the “error 69841 permissions reset on user home directory failed” message. If you get this error, here’s what to do depending on your macOS version.

On macOS Mojave or newer versions

1. Select Apple menu > System Preferences > Security & Privacy. 

1. Next, select the Privacy tab, select the Lock icon and enter your admin name and password. 

1. Select the Full Disk Access tab and then select the Add (+) button.

1. Search for Terminal and add it to Full Disk Access.

1. Open Terminal and paste or type this command: chflags -R nouchg ~. Press Return.

1. Next, type diskutil resetUserPermissions / `id -u\` and press the Return key.

1. Restart your Mac to effect the changes.

On macOS High Sierra or Earlier Versions

Unlike macOS Mojave or later versions, you don’t need to add Terminal to Full Disk Access in macOS High Sierra or earlier versions before resolving the error 69841 on your Mac.

1. Open Terminal and enter chflags -R nouchg ~.

1. Next, type diskutil resetUserPermissions / ìd -u` and press Return.

1. Restart your Mac to effect the changes.

Keep Your Mac in Good Shape

Fixing or repairing disk permissions in macOS should be done only if you suspect that you have file or folder permission issues, especially if you install and delete software frequently. That said, you need to be careful about the software you download to your computer. 

We have other guides that can help you fix issues with your Mac such as when Bluetooth isn’t working on your computer, Mac camera isn’t working or your Mac won’t go to sleep. 

Were you able to fix or repair disk permissions using the steps in this guide? Tell us about it in a comment below.

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